{"id":8175,"date":"2020-12-09T20:37:31","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T13:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/09\/tu-ngu-cu-thuyet-%e4%ba%94%e5%8f%a5%e8%aa%aa-trong-kinh-trung-a-ham-den-nam-the-tai-trong-kinh-dien-ba-la-mon\/"},"modified":"2020-12-09T20:37:31","modified_gmt":"2020-12-09T13:37:31","slug":"tu-ngu-cu-thuyet-%e4%ba%94%e5%8f%a5%e8%aa%aa-trong-kinh-trung-a-ham-den-nam-the-tai-trong-kinh-dien-ba-la-mon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/09\/tu-ngu-cu-thuyet-%e4%ba%94%e5%8f%a5%e8%aa%aa-trong-kinh-trung-a-ham-den-nam-the-tai-trong-kinh-dien-ba-la-mon\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb Ng\u0169 C\u00fa Thuy\u1ebft (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) Trong Kinh Trung A- H\u00e0m \u0110\u1ebfn N\u0103m Th\u1ec3 T\u00e0i Trong Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n."},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u1eea NG\u0168 C\u00da THUY\u1ebeT<\/i> (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) TRONG KINH TRUNG A- H\u00c0M
<\/i><\/span>\u0110\u1ebeN N\u0102M TH\u1ec2 T\u00c0I<\/span><\/span> TRONG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N<\/span><\/span> B\u00c0-LA-M\u00d4N.<\/span>
<\/span>
Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"T\u1eeb

Kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ki\u1ebfn Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn (383) do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i chung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>. Theo Cao T\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span><\/i> quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do ng\u00e0i T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-b\u1ea1t-tr\u1eebng (\u50e7\u4f3d\u8dcb\u6f84) tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n, ng\u00e0i \u0110\u00e0m-ma-nan-\u0111\u1ec1 (\u66c7\u6469\u96e3\u63d0) vi\u1ebft ra ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00e0o n\u0103m sau (384), Th\u00e1i th\u00fa V\u0169 Oai Tri\u1ec7u Ch\u00e1nh (\u6b66\u5a01\u592a\u5b88\u8d99\u6b63) l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u th\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/span> ng\u00e0i \u0110\u00e0m-ma-nan-\u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i>. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n v\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n trong \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span> ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Do v\u00ec b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh, n\u00ean h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Long An th\u1ee9 hai (398) [2]<\/a>, b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-\u0111\u1ec1-b\u00e0 (\u50e7\u4f3d\u63d0\u5a46) t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n r\u1ed3i d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n[3]<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n 61 quy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu l\u1ee5c v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2n tu<\/i> mang s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u T0026, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span><\/span> theo tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span><\/span>, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span> nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> n\u00eau tr\u00ean. V\u00e0 do v\u1eady, trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed9i dung kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u c\u00fa ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span><\/span>. Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft <\/i>(\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span>
1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft trong kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00fa Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n, duy\u00ean, ch\u00e1nh, v\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u00ed, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i>. (\u56e0, \u7de3, \u6b63, \u6587,\u6232\u4e94<\/a>\u53e5<\/a>\u8aaa<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m, Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-<\/i>l\u0103ng-k\u1ef3<\/i> (\u979e\u5a46\u9675\u8006), s\u1ed1 63.<\/span>
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh Ph\u1ea1m-ch\u00ed A-<\/i>nhi\u1ebfp-h\u00f2a<\/i> (\u68b5\u5fd7\u963f\u651d\u60d2), s\u1ed1 151.<\/span>
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh \u0110\u1ea7u-na<\/i> (\u982d\u90a3) s\u1ed1 158.<\/span>
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh A-lan-na<\/i> (\u963f\u862d\u90a3), s\u1ed1 160.<\/span>
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh Ph\u1ea1m-ma<\/i> (\u68b5\u6469), s\u1ed1 161.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> \u1edf n\u0103m b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> 222 kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1eef th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> n\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1ed3n nghi n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span><\/span> tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong hai ngu\u1ed3n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, t\u1eeb H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya.<\/span>
2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft trong kinh v\u0103n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch quan trong trong kinh v\u0103n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b>, theo kinh T\u1ea1p A-H\u00e0m<\/i>, s\u1ed1 886, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng k\u00fd<\/i> (\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18). Kinh ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3o B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

-Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba minh c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

-Th\u01b0a C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m, cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span> B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ec v\u1ebft, cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea bai, cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i<\/span><\/span>, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span>, bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, t\u00ednh sai<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>; ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> x\u01b0a nay<\/span><\/span>, n\u0103m ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 dung s\u1eafc \u0111oan ch\u00e1nh. Th\u01b0a C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba minh c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u723e\u6642\uff0c\u4e16\u5c0a\u544a\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u8a00:\u4e91\u4f55\u540d\u70ba\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u4e09\u660e?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u767d\u4f5b\u8a00:\u2018\u77bf\u66c7\uff01\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u7236\u6bcd\u5177\u76f8\uff0c\u7121\u8af8\u7455\u7a62\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e03\u4e16\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u7121\u8af8\u8b4f\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e16\u4e16\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u5e38\u70ba\u5e2b\u9577\uff0c\u8faf\u624d\u5177\u8db3\uff1b\u8aa6\u8af8\u7d93\u5178\u3001\u7269\u985e\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u842c\u7269\u5dee\u54c1\u3001\u5b57\u985e\u5206\u5408\u3001\u6b77\u4e16\u672c\u672b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e94<\/a>\u7a2e<\/a>\u8a18<\/a>\uff0c\u6089\u7686\u901a\u9054\uff0c\u5bb9\u8272\u7aef\u6b63\u3002\u662f\u540d\uff0c\u77bf\u66c7\uff01\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u4e09\u660e.[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng k\u00fd<\/i> (\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18) theo kinh T\u1ea1p A-H\u00e0m<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ba minh c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u0103m ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, t\u00ednh sai<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>; ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> x\u01b0a nay<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/b>, theo kinh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> B\u1ea1ch y<\/span><\/span> kim tr\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u4f5b<\/b>\u8aaa<\/b>\u767d\u8863\u91d1\u5e62\u4e8c\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u7de3\u8d77\u7d93) <\/b>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng k\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/i> (\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18\u8ad6). Kinh ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3o hai v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n B\u1ea1ch y<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 Kim tr\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

-C\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft! Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> ba minh n\u00ean x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span>, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span><\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, gi\u1eef l\u1eeda th\u1edd tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh trong d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c \u01b0u th\u1eafng, cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i<\/span><\/span> thu\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi, cha m\u1eb9<\/span><\/span> thanh cao, t\u00f4n qu\u00fd; ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd lu\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span>: <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span>[5]<\/b><\/a> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0[6]<\/b><\/a>.
<\/i>2. \u0110\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1eadt
<\/i>3. Cai-tra-b\u00e0-na (<\/i>\u8a72\u5412\u5a46\u90a3)
<\/i>4. V\u0103n t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e2u c\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebft.
<\/i>5. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00fd ti\u1ebfu.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u723e\u6642\uff0c\u4e16\u5c0a\u544a\u767d\u8863\u91d1\u5e62\u4e8c\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u8a00: \u2018\u6c5d\u7b49\u7576\u77e5,\u8af8\u5a46\u7f85\u9580,\u81ea\u8b02\u4e86\u9054\u4e09\u660e,\u540d\u7a31\u4e0a\u65cf,\u7a2e\u59d3\u6e05\u6de8,\u5f9e\u4e8b\u706b\u5929\u52dd\u65cf\u4e2d\u751f,\u7236\u6de8\u6bcd\u6de8,\u5584\u751f\u5584\u7a2e,\u4e43\u81f3\u4e03\u4e16,\u7236\u6bcd\u5c0a\u9ad8,\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b8a\u52dd,\u7121\u7f6a\u7121\u8b17,\u662f\u7b49\u7686\u56e0\u7a2e\u59d3\u6de8\u6545.\u53c8\u8b02\u6d1e\u9054\u660e\u4e86\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18\u8ad6,\u4e00\u672c\u6bcd\u6cd5\u7b49\u7a76\u7adf\u4e09\u660e,\u4e8c\u8af8\u7269\u5b9a\u540d,\u4e09\u8a72\u5412\u5a46\u90a3,\u56db\u6587\u5b57\u7ae0\u53e5,\u4e94<\/a>\u6232<\/a>\u7b11<\/a>\u5999<\/a>\u8a00<\/a>[7]<\/b><\/b><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng k\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/i> (\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18\u8ad6) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Cai-tra-b\u00e0-na (<\/i>\u8a72\u5412\u5a46\u90a3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, sau khi tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch \u1edf Nik\u0101ya, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span>
3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya, Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/i> (pa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43). C\u00fa ng\u1eef n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong c\u1ea3 ba b\u1ed9 Nik\u0101ya. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i<\/span><\/span>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span><\/span> d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i kinh v\u0103n, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> sau \u0111\u1ec1u do HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch.<\/span>
1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, kinh Ch\u1ee7ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> (D.4)<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Sonadanda l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span>, nh\u00e0 tr\u00ec ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span>, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>, l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span><\/span>, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/span><\/span>, bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span> h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>.
<\/i>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, kinh Brahm\u0101yu (M.91)<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span><\/span> t\u00f4i nghe.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> du h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> \u1edf Videha, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span> T\u1ef7-kheo kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Brahmayu tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Mithila (Di-t\u00e1t-la) gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, ni\u00ean cao, l\u1ea1p l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n m\u00e3n cu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1eddi, tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> ba t\u1eadp Veda, v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 v\u1ef1ng, l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span><\/span>, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/span><\/span>, th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u Thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>.<\/span>
3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Gotama, v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n thi\u1ec7n sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u1eabu<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7, huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u00e8m pha n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd sanh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span>, nh\u00e0 tr\u00ec ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span>, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> ba t\u1eadp Veda v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>, l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span><\/span>, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/span><\/span>, bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span> h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Gotama, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> ba minh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n<\/i>. (A.3.58).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Gotama, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “V\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n thi\u1ec7n sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u1eabu<\/span><\/span> h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7, huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t d\u00e8m pha n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd sanh; l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00fang t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span>, nh\u00e0 tr\u00ec ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span>, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> ba t\u1eadp Ved\u00e0 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>, l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span><\/span>, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/span><\/span> ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/span><\/span>, bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span> (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/span> h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/span><\/i>. (A.5. 192)<\/span>
4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a <\/i><\/b>N\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> (pa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43).<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong ba b\u1ed9 Nik\u0101ya v\u1eeba d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, N\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/i> (pa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43) trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span><\/span> c\u00fa ng\u1eef P\u0101li:<\/span><\/p>\n

sanigha\u1e47\u1e0duke\u1e6dubh\u0101na\u1e43 <\/b>s\u0101kkharappabhed\u0101na\u1e43 itih\u0101sapa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

sanigha\u1e47\u1e0du: <\/b>t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, <\/b>ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng.<\/span>
ke\u1e6dubh\u0101na\u1e43<\/b>: nghi qu\u1ef9<\/span><\/span>, nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>
s\u0101kkhara<\/b>: \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/span>
pabhed\u0101na<\/b>: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eef \u00e2m, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>
itih\u0101sa<\/b>: c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, s\u1eed truy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n tr\u00ean ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 (ti\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 ved\u0101na\u1e43 p\u0101rag\u016b). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i am t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> N\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/i> (pa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43) c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) trong kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i>.<\/span>
5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> <\/b>N\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> (pa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43) trong Nik\u0101ya v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00fa ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong kinh v\u0103n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng.
<\/b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b>Kinh T\u1ea1p A-H\u00e0m<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo kinh T\u1ea1p A-H\u00e0m<\/i>, Ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng k\u00fd<\/i> (\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18)\u00a0 bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh sai<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>; ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> x\u01b0a nay<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u8aa6\u8af8\u7d93\u5178\u3001\u7269\u985e\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u842c\u7269\u5dee\u54c1\u3001\u5b57\u985e\u5206\u5408\u3001\u6b77\u4e16\u672c\u672b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e94<\/a>\u7a2e<\/a>\u8a18<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>:<\/span>
1. \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>,<\/i> (\u8aa6\u8af8\u7d93\u5178), <\/i>t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, <\/b>ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng (sanigha\u1e47\u1e0du), <\/b>c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> trong ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 (ti\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 ved\u0101na\u1e43 p\u0101rag\u016b<\/b>).<\/span>
2. \u0110\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ef1<\/i> v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u7269\u985e\u540d\u5b57), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nghi qu\u1ef9<\/span><\/span>, nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> (ke\u1e6dubh\u0101na\u1e43<\/b>).<\/span>
3. Ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh sai<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u842c\u7269\u5dee\u54c1), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean (s\u0101kkhara<\/b>).<\/span>
4. Ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u5b57\u985e\u5206\u5408) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi <\/b>ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eef \u00e2m, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> (pabhed\u0101na<\/b>).<\/span>
5. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> x\u01b0a nay<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u6b77\u4e16\u672c\u672b) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, s\u1eed truy\u1ec7n (itih\u0101sa<\/b>).<\/span>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/b>Kinh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> B\u1ea1ch y<\/span><\/span> kim tr\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span> (<\/i><\/b>\u4f5b<\/i><\/b>\u8aaa<\/i><\/b>\u767d\u8863\u91d1\u5e62\u4e8c\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u7de3\u8d77\u7d93).<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u4e94\u7a2e\u8a18\u8ad6), bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span>: <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0.
<\/i>2. \u0110\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1eadt
<\/i>3. Cai-tra-b\u00e0-na (<\/i>\u8a72\u5412\u5a46\u90a3)
<\/i>4. V\u0103n t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e2u c\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebft.
<\/i>5. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00fd ti\u1ebfu.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/b>1. C\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 <\/i>(\u4e00\u672c\u6bcd\u6cd5\u7b49\u7a76\u7adf\u4e09\u660e) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, <\/b>ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng (sanigha\u1e47\u1e0du), <\/b>c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> trong ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 (ti\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 ved\u0101na\u1e43 p\u0101rag\u016b<\/b>)<\/span>
2. \u0110\u1ecbnh danh<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c v\u1eadt<\/i> (\u8af8\u7269\u5b9a\u540d) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean (s\u0101kkhara<\/b>).<\/span>
3. Cai-tra-b\u00e0-na <\/i>(\u8a72\u5412\u5a46\u90a3). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span>. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef ke\u1e6dubh\u0101na\u1e43, <\/b>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghi qu\u1ef9<\/span><\/span>, nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>
4. V\u0103n t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e2u c\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebft<\/i> (\u6587\u5b57\u7ae0\u53e5) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi <\/b>ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eef \u00e2m, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> (pabhed\u0101na<\/b>).<\/span>
5. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u00fd ti\u1ebfu<\/i> (\u6232<\/a>\u7b11<\/a>\u5999<\/a>\u8a00<\/a>). C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca, t\u00e1n ca<\/span><\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> h\u00fd kh\u00fac. Do v\u1eady, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9 n\u0103m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, s\u1eed truy\u1ec7n (itih\u0101sa<\/b>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a03. Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m, th\u00e0nh c\u00fa Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa), g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n, duy\u00ean, ch\u00e1nh, v\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u00ed<\/i>. (\u56e0, \u7de3, \u6b63, \u6587,\u6232).<\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/b>1. Nh\u00e2n<\/b> (\u56e0): l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb b\u1ed5n m\u1eabu ph\u00e1p<\/b> (\u672c\u6bcd\u6cd5)c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> B\u1ea1ch y<\/span><\/span> kim tr\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/span><\/i> v\u1eeba d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Nh\u00e2n (\u56e0) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, <\/b>ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng (sanigha\u1e47\u1e0du), <\/b>c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c<\/span><\/span> trong ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 (ti\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 ved\u0101na\u1e43 p\u0101rag\u016b<\/b>).<\/span>
2. Duy\u00ean<\/b> (\u7de3): theo t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00eam, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u00eam. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u: \u00e1o thu\u1ea7n l\u1ee5a tr\u1eafng, qu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec1n lai<\/i> ( \u5e38\u8863\u5927\u7df4,\u88d9\u4e0d\u52a0\u7de3)[8]<\/a>. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> h\u01a1n, trong \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y-v\u1ee9c-k\u00fd<\/i>, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng ghi: V\u1ec1 quy c\u00e1ch ba y, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span><\/span> v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng, h\u1eb9p; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n, nh\u1ecf, to.<\/i> (\u4e09\u8863\u88c1\u88fd\uff0c\u90e8\u57f6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6216\u7de3\u6709\u5bec\u72f9\uff0c\u6216\u8449\u6709\u5c0f\u5927)[9]<\/a>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, duy\u00ean (\u7de3) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> (pabhed\u0101na<\/b>).<\/span>
3. Ch\u00e1nh<\/b> (\u6b63): Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eef ch\u00e1nh<\/b> (\u6b63) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/span><\/span>, chu\u1ea9n t\u1eafc (\u6a19\u51c6,\u51c6\u5247). \u1ede ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef ke\u1e6dubh\u0101na\u1e43<\/b>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghi qu\u1ef9<\/span><\/span>, nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>
4. V\u0103n<\/b> (\u6587): c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u, ch\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> (\u6587\u8fad,\u8a5e\u53e5). \u1ede ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, V\u0103n (\u6587) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u0101kkhara<\/b>, t\u1ee9c ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/span>
5. H\u00ed<\/b> (\u6232): t\u1ee9c h\u00ed k\u1ecbch (\u6232\u5287), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u0169, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch, v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng. \u1ede ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, H\u00ed (\u6232) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef itih\u0101sa<\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span>, s truy\u1ec7n.<\/span>
6. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span>.
<\/b>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) trong kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> (pa\u00f1cam\u0101na\u1e43) <\/i><\/b>m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> tinh th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> tam minh<\/span><\/span>. Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span><\/span>, th\u1ebf n\u00ean khi d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n ng\u1eef th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 kinh<\/span><\/span>, t\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span>, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u00e0nh c\u00fa Ng\u0169 c\u00fa thuy\u1ebft<\/i> (\u4e94\u53e5\u8aaa) trong kinh Trung A-H\u00e0m<\/i> bao g\u1ed3m<\/span><\/span>: nh\u00e2n, duy\u00ean, ch\u00e1nh, v\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u00ed<\/i>. (\u56e0,\u7de3,\u6b63,\u6587,\u6232), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0103n nguy\u00ean, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span>, nghi qu\u1ef9<\/span><\/span>, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 s\u1eed<\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n


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[1]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2059\u300a\u9ad8\u50e7\u50b3\u300b, <\/b>\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00<\/b>. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/b>\u8dcb[14]\u8b49\u53e3\u8aa6\u7d93\u672c\u3002T50n2059_p0328b08\u2551\u5916\u570b\u6c99\u9580\u66c7\u6469\u96e3\u63d0\u7b46\u53d7\u70ba\u68b5\u6587<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 55 \u518a No. 2145\u300a\u51fa\u4e09\u85cf\u8a18\u96c6\u300b, <\/b>\u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c<\/b>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 50 \u518a No. 2059\u300a\u9ad8\u50e7\u50b3\u300b, <\/b>\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00<\/b>. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: <\/b>\u63d0\u5a46\u4e43\u65bc\u822c\u82e5\u81fa\u3002<\/b>T50n2059_p0329a12\u2551<\/b>\u624b\u57f7\u68b5\u6587\u53e3\u5ba3\u6649\u8a9e<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 2 \u518a No. 99. \u96dc\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e00<\/b>.<\/b>[1]<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 54 \u518a No. 2131 \u7ffb\u8b6f\u540d\u7fa9\u96c6, <\/b>\u56db<\/b> : \u68b5\u8a9e\u6469\u601b\u7406\u8fe6\u3002\u6b64\u4e91\u672c<\/a>\u6bcd<\/a>. \u672c<\/a>\u6bcd<\/a>\u80fd\u751f\u5999T54n2131_p1110c23\u2551\u6167. \u5999\u6167\u56e0\u8ad6\u800c\u751f. \u6545\u5c55\u8f49\u7ffb\u70ba\u8ad6\u4e5f. Tham chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span>, Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, quy\u1ec3n 12: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, to\u00e1n thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n th\u01a1 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb b\u1ed5n m\u1eabu<\/b> (\u4e16\u9593\u4e00\u5207\u66f8\u7b97\u8a69\u8ad6\u7686\u6709\u672c<\/a>T31n1602_p0538c24\u2551\u6bcd<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c tam minh<\/span><\/span><\/b> (\u4e09\u660e). M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 cho ba b\u1ed9 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 1 \u518a No. 10, \u767d\u8863\u91d1\u5e62\u4e8c\u5a46\u7f85\u9580\u7de3\u8d77\u7d93, \u5377\u4e0a<\/b>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> \u5f8c\u6f22\u66f8,\u7687\u540e\u7d00\u4e0a, \u660e\u5fb7\u99ac\u7687\u540e.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u8129\u5927\u85cf\u7d93\u7b2c 51 \u518a No. 2087 \u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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