{"id":8262,"date":"2020-12-10T23:11:43","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T16:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/10\/ban-ve-khai-niem-con-duong-doc-nhat-ekayana-magga-trong-kinh-dien-pali\/"},"modified":"2020-12-10T23:11:43","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T16:11:43","slug":"ban-ve-khai-niem-con-duong-doc-nhat-ekayana-magga-trong-kinh-dien-pali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/10\/ban-ve-khai-niem-con-duong-doc-nhat-ekayana-magga-trong-kinh-dien-pali\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0n V\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t \u2013 Ek\u0101yana Magga Trong Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n P\u0101li"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u00e0n V\u1ec1 Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t \u2013 Ek\u0101yana Magga Trong Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/span> P\u0101li<\/span><\/p>\n


Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Hoa

Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, mang ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span>. Trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i> (ek\u0101yana magga) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y[1]<\/a> cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span> th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> ph\u00e1p tu T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> (catt\u0101ro satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101<\/i>). Th\u1ee9 hai, \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 cho B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> (ariya a\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gika magga<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>, theo kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/span> c\u0169ng thi\u1ec7n, gi\u1eefa c\u0169ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng thi\u1ec7n[3]<\/a>. Ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n v\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u kinh T\u1eadp<\/i> (Sn 171): S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> th\u1ee9 hai[4]<\/b><\/a><\/i>. N\u00f3i theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai kh\u00e1c<\/i> (\u4f5b\u4e00\u8a00\u7121\u6709\u7570)[5]<\/a>. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span> c\u1ea3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i> trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0: do qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, do tr\u1ef1c ng\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng, do tu th\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m, do th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft\u2026\u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f9ng xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n[6]<\/a>. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> Tam t\u1ee5<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u4e09\u805a\u7d93)[7]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t,<\/i> t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> sang H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span><\/span> ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean\u2026 nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean<\/span><\/span> quan \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> – t\u1eeb H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nik\u0101ya .<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1.1 Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> (mah\u0101satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 sutta<\/i>). Kinh ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> \u1edf x\u1ee9 Kuru (C\u00e2u l\u00e2u), t\u1ea1i Kamm\u0101ssadhamma (Ki\u1ec1m-ma-s\u1eaft-\u0111\u00e0m) – \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Kuru. R\u1ed3i Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span><\/span>: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span><\/span>.” C\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span><\/span> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span><\/span> Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>.” Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/b>, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u bi<\/span><\/span>, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>[8]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> (satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 sutta)<\/i>, th\u1ee9 10. Kinh ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span><\/span> t\u00f4i nghe.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> \u1edf x\u1ee9 Kuru (C\u00e2u-l\u00e2u), Kammassadhamma (Ki\u1ec1m-ma-s\u1eaft-\u0111\u00e0m) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Kuru. R\u1ed3i Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo v\u00e2ng \u0111\u00e1p Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

— N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t <\/b>\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span>, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span><\/span> ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>[9]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba, thu\u1ed9c T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span><\/span> ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 kinh (S.v,141), (S.v,167), (S.v,185). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kinh (S.v,141) ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span><\/span> t\u00f4i nghe.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00fa \u1edf Ves\u0101li, t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Ambap\u0101li.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo”. “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n”. C\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y v\u00e2ng \u0111\u00e1p Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0– C\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/b> n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea7u bi<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>[10]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya \u1edf b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i>. Qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> v\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00fd<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya, n\u00ean ch\u0103ng th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c kinh v\u0103n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b>, do v\u00ec b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> \u0110\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> thu\u1ed9c kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> s\u1ed1 10 trong Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> <\/i>v\u1edbi kinh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> s\u1ed1 98 thu\u1ed9c Trung A-h\u00e0m.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> s\u1ed1 98 ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> du h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1i C\u00e2u-l\u00e2u-s\u1ea5u, \u1edf Ki\u1ebfm-ma-s\u1eaft-\u0111\u00e0m, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u-l\u00e2u.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>[11]<\/b><\/a> t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span><\/span> lo s\u1ee3, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span><\/span> k\u00eau kh\u00f3c, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span><\/span> Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>[12]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t\/ C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> (\u6709\u4e00\u9053).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/i><\/b>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/span><\/span><\/i> (S.v,167) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> ti\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh dung<\/span><\/span>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> nguy\u00ean v\u0103n hai b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span><\/span><\/i> (S.v,167), ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> tr\u00fa \u1edf Uruvel\u0101, tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Neranjar\u0101, t\u1ea1i c\u00e2y b\u00e0ng ajap\u0101la, sau khi m\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0<\/span><\/span> Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span><\/span> s\u1ea7u bi<\/span><\/span>, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd (n\u0101ya), ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/span> Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>[13]<\/b><\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh T\u1ea1p-A-h\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 44, s\u1ed1 1189, ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span><\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span><\/span> b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, b\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ni-li\u00ean-thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/span> U\u1ea5t-b\u1ec1-la, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> ch\u01b0a bao l\u00e2u.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span><\/span>, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span> y\u00ean t\u0129nh t\u01b0<\/span><\/span> duy nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y<\/span><\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u6709\u4e00\u4e58\u9053) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi \u01b0u bi<\/span><\/span>, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i>. (HT. Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1eafng, d\u1ecbch<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t\/ C\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> (\u6709\u4e00\u4e58\u9053)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3o n\u00eau tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b> trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/span> chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c t\u1eeb H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u1eady th\u1ef1c ra<\/span><\/span>, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ra sao v\u1ec1 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ek\u0101yana magga.<\/i> \u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 P\u0101li hay Sanskrit \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f9ng nhau \u1edf thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y. Magga<\/i> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, kinh v\u0103n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o (\u9053). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef ek\u0101yana.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span>, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana<\/i> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong c\u1ed5 th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i> (II.4.11)[14]<\/a>. Trong c\u1ed5 th\u01b0<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5<\/i>, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e2y<\/i>\u2026\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

sa yath\u0101 sarv\u0101s\u0101m ap\u0101m samudra ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 spar\u015b\u0101n\u0101m tvag ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101m sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 gandh\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 n\u0101sike ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 ras\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 jihv\u0101 ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 r\u1fe1p\u0101\u1e47\u0101\u1e41 cak\u1e63ur ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101m sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 \u015babd\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 \u015brotram ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 sa\u1e41kalp\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 mana ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarv\u0101\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 vidy\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 h\u1e5bdayam ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarv\u0101\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 karma\u1e47\u0101\u1e41 hast\u0101v ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarv\u0101\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 \u0101nand\u0101n\u0101m upastha ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101m sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 visarg\u0101\u1e47\u0101m p\u0101yur ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 adhvan\u0101m p\u0101dav ek\u0101yanam, eva\u1e41 sarve\u1e63\u0101\u1e41 ved\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 v\u0101g ek\u0101yanam[15]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bao d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0n da l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c m\u00f9i v\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 m\u0169i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/span> ng\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 tai d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u00e2m thanh<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy<\/span><\/span>, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 con tim l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i tay l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a cho m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 quan<\/span><\/span> sinh d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span><\/span>. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc, ch\u1edf che. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span><\/span> b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1edbi 13 l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> quan t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, theo ng\u00e0i Bhadant\u0101cariya Buddhagho\u1e63a trong b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> kinh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> (Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nasuttava\u1e47\u1e47an\u0101<\/i>), th\u00ec thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo n\u0103m ngh\u0129a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd (ek\u0101yano – na dvidh\u0101<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ed9, vi\u1ec5n ly<\/span><\/span> (v\u016bpaka\u1e6d\u1e6dhena<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span> (ekass\u0101ti se\u1e6d\u1e6dhassa<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t (ekamaggo<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span><\/span> (gacchati pavattat\u012bti attho<\/i>)[16]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya, c\u1ea3 n\u0103m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ek\u0101yana magga<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> trong nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Do gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana magga<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch theo n\u0103m xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span> sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b>, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 k\u1ef3, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> T\u1ea1p-A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> mang s\u1ed1 102 thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec3n n\u0103m v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span> v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i>. B\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> t\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 1189, v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch ng\u1eef: duy h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u0103ng t\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span> sanh<\/i> (\u552f\u6709\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u80fd\u6de8\u773e\u751f): ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/i><\/b>, h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span> sanh h\u1ea1nh<\/i> (\u6709\u4e00\u5165\u9053\uff0c\u6de8\u773e\u751f\u884c): c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span>, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Ngay \u1edf nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp? Do v\u00ec chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/span><\/span>, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/span><\/span> n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp<\/i> (\u4e91\u4f55\u540d\u70ba\u4e00\u5165\uff1f\u6240\u8b02\u5c08\u4e00\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u8b02\u4e00\u5165)[17]<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u1ee7a kinh T\u0103ng-nh\u1ea5t-a-h\u00e0m<\/i> (\u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b\u7d93) v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> (\u8ce2\u8056\u516b\u54c1\u9053).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/i><\/b>, h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span> sanh<\/i> (\u6709\u4e00\u9053\u6de8\u773e\u751f): c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Ch\u1eef T\u1ecbnh<\/i> (\u6de8) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea1ch. D\u1ecbch ng\u1eef n\u00e0y do ng\u00e0i C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m-t\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-\u0111\u1ec1-b\u00e0 (\u77bf\u66c7\u50e7\u4f3d\u63d0\u5a46) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> trong b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u5ff5\u8655\u7d93), thu\u1ed9c Trung-A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> (satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 sutta), thu\u1ed9c Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/i><\/b>, h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103ng t\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang<\/span><\/span> sanh<\/i> (\u6709\u4e00\u4e58\u9053\u80fd\u6de8\u773e\u751f): c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Khang Hy <\/i>( \u5eb7\u7199\u5b57\u5178)[18]<\/a>, ch\u1eef Th\u1eeba<\/i> (\u4e58) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, c\u00f2n mang ngh\u0129a Tr\u1ecb<\/i> (\u6cbb), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho, s\u1eeda sang. D\u1ecbch ng\u1eef n\u00e0y do ng\u00e0i C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la (\u6c42\u90a3\u8dcb\u9640\u7f85: 394-468) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> trong b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> T\u1ea1p-A-h\u00e0m<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n, kinh s\u1ed1 1189, chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf n\u1ed9i dung T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i> nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span><\/span><\/i> (S.v,167) thu\u1ed9c kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/i><\/b>, nh\u1ea5t th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u4e00\u8da3\u9053): m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> cao \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/i> D\u1ecbch ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ng\u00e0i Tr\u00fac-ph\u1eadt-ni\u1ec7m (\u7afa\u4f5b\u5ff5)[19]<\/a> v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng (\u7384\u5958: 602-664) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>, trong lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma \u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/i> (\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6)[20]<\/a> , ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u kinh T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i 12 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Nh\u1ea5t th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Lu\u1eadn ghi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 kh\u1ebf kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh<\/span><\/span> thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u56db\u5ff5\u4f4f).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> cao \u0111\u1eb9p?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n
  1. V\u00ec si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u4e00\u754c)[21]<\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  2. V\u00ec xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u4e00\u8da3)[22]<\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  3. V\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u4e00\u751f)[23]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  4. V\u00ec th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span> gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u4e00\u8ae6)[24]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  5. V\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u7a76\u7adf)<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  6. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i> (\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u9053)<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  7. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c <\/i>(\u7121\u7570\u8da3)<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  8. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u4e0d\u9000\u9084).<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  9. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u4e0d\u9000\u89e3\u812b)<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  10. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c <\/i>(\u80cc\u4e94\u8da3).<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  11. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span> ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecb h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7570\u9053)<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/p>\n

  12. V\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi t\u00f9 h\u00e3m<\/span><\/span>, cung m\u00f4n<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u89e3\u812b\u5bae\u9580)[25]<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n

    <\/ol>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u0169 ek\u0101yana magga<\/i>, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> v\u00f4 danh<\/span><\/span> trong kinh Bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch T\u1ea1p-A-h\u00e0m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y<\/i> (\u552f\u6709\u4e00\u9053) th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> h\u1eefu danh nh\u01b0 C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 T\u1ea1p-A-h\u00e0m; C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m-t\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-\u0111\u1ec1-b\u00e0, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Trung-A-h\u00e0m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi hai ng\u00e0i Tr\u00fac-ph\u1eadt-ni\u1ec7m, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng-A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed5i danh<\/span><\/span> v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/span> lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-\u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa (\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6), \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a t\u00edch<\/span><\/span> c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p theo t\u1eebng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana magga<\/i>. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span><\/span>, khi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana magga<\/i> sang H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/span> B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n h\u1eefu danh n\u00eau tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/i> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf n\u1ed9i dung T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> trong b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0 B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>V\u1ec1 b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> cho r\u1eb1ng B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/span> Nik\u0101ya, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/span> \u1edf b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, trong b\u00e0i kinh<\/span><\/span> M\u0101gandiya s\u1ed1 75 thu\u1ed9c Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Trong b\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, kinh Tu-nh\u00e0n-\u0111\u1ec1<\/i> (\u9b1a\u9591\u63d0), s\u1ed1 153 thu\u1ed9c Trung-A-h\u00e0m<\/i>. B\u1ea3n kinh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch mang ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span> xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch k\u00e8m nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c P\u0101li v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n v\u0103n:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n

    Kinh M\u0101gandiya, s\u1ed1 75<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>
    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>
    B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o,<\/span>
    An \u1ed5n<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>
    (HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch)[26]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/td>\n

    <\/p>\n

    		 <\/p>\n

    Kinh Man[27]<\/b><\/a>-nh\u00e0n-\u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ed1 153<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, l\u1ee3i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t,<\/span>
    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>
    Ch\u1ec9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>
    \u0110\u1ebfn an \u1ed5n<\/span><\/span> cam l\u1ed3<\/span><\/span><\/span>
    (HT. Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, d\u1ecbch)    [28]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/td>\n

    <\/tr>\n

    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c P\u0101li:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u0100rogyaparam\u0101 l\u0101bh\u0101,<\/span>
    nibb\u0101na\u1e43 parama\u1e43 sukha\u1e43;<\/span>
    A\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45giko ca magg\u0101na\u1e43,<\/span>
    khema\u1e43 amatag\u0101mina\u2019\u2019nti[29]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/td>\n

    <\/p>\n

    		 <\/p>\n

    Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u7121\u75c5\u7b2c\u4e00\u5229<\/span>
    \u6d85\u69c3\u7b2c\u4e00\u6a02,<\/span>
    \u8af8\u9053\u516b\u6b63\u9053,<\/span>
    \u4f4f\u5b89\u96b1\u7518\u9732[30]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/td>\n

    <\/tr>\n

    <\/tbody>\n

    <\/table>\n

    T\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span><\/span> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c P\u0101li kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef n\u00e0o mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/span>, ri\u00eang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u1edf c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u8af8\u9053\u516b\u6b63\u9053), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch: ch\u1ec9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span><\/i>. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span><\/span>, c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Khang Hy (\u5eb7\u7199\u5b57\u5178)[31]<\/a> trong ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1eef ch\u01b0<\/b> (\u8af8) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/span><\/span> b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u kinh ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>, tr\u00fa an \u1ea9n cam l\u1ed3<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u8af8\u9053\u516b\u6b63\u9053.\/ \u4f4f\u5b89\u96b1\u7518\u9732) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span>, b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi<\/span><\/span> s\u1ef1 an \u1ed5n<\/span><\/span>, b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span><\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n P\u0101li v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 trong kinh M\u0101gandiya v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/span> trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i>, \u1edf c\u00e2u 273, h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>,
    <\/i>B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00fd th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>.
    <\/i>Ly tham<\/span><\/span>, ph\u00e1p th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>,
    <\/i>Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n,
    <\/i>Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n<\/span><\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>    [32]<\/b><\/a><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c P\u0101li:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Magg\u0101na\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45giko se\u1e6d\u1e6dho,<\/span>
    Sacc\u0101na\u1e43 caturo pad\u0101;<\/span>
    Vir\u0101go se\u1e6d\u1e6dho dhamm\u0101na\u1e43,<\/span>
    Dvipad\u0101na\u00f1ca cakkhum\u0101    [33]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, khi d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span><\/b>, h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb se\u1e6d\u1e6dho.<\/b> C\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u1edf t\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng mang ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng: B\u00e1nh ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span><\/i> (\u516b\u76f4\u6700\u4e0a\u9053)[34]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u1edf H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng hay \u1edf t\u1ea1ng Nik\u0101ya, B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/span> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 ba t\u00e2m th\u1ebf khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span>. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/span>. T\u00f9y theo<\/span><\/span> t\u1eebng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ebf thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span> con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> do Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/span> ng\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> d\u1ecb h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/span> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> ra, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>, B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ea1o\u2026 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/span> c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Sa-m\u00f4n[35]<\/a>. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong n\u0103m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana magga <\/i>do t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> Bhadant\u0101cariya Buddhagho\u1e63a ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span> thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y trong A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-\u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa (\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6), ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0, trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gia<\/span><\/span> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la, C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m-t\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-\u0111\u1ec1-b\u00e0, Tr\u00fac-ph\u1eadt-ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span><\/span> ek\u0101yana magga<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/span> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span><\/span> th\u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span> r\u1eb1ng, trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span><\/span>, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span><\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span>, B\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span>, B\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/span><\/span>, N\u0103m c\u0103n, N\u0103m l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/span>, B\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi<\/span><\/span>, Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> t\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh[36]<\/b><\/a>.<\/i> Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span><\/span> lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span><\/span> kia, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> n\u00e0y h\u01a1n ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/span> kia. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ek\u0101yana magga<\/i> v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span> x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/span> hay B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o, duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

    [1]<\/a> An\u0101layo. Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na: The direct path to realization<\/i>. Malaysia, Selangor: Buddhist wisdom centrer. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [2]<\/a> Xem<\/i>, \u6eab\u5b97\u5803, \u56db\u5ff5\u4f4f\u5982\u4f55\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e4b\u9053 – \u518d\u63a2\u201cek\u0101yana magga\u201d\u4e4b\u8a9e\u610f. \u672c\u6587\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u798f\u56b4\u4f5b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f1-22\u9801\uff0c2011\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u51fa\u7248. Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/span> B\u00ecnh Anson, Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/span><\/i>? Xem t\u1ea1i, https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a28480\/con-duong-duy-nhat-<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [3]<\/a> Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, \u00a0kinh Brahmayu<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ed1 91; kinh Canki<\/span><\/span>, s\u1ed1 95, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2012, tr,161 -203.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [4]<\/a> Kinh T\u1eadp<\/i>, kinh Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span> nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 (Sn 171), c\u00e2u 884. Xem t\u1ea1i<\/i>, kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.511.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [5]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 14 \u518a No. 0461 \u4f5b\u8aaa\u6587\u6b8a\u5e2b\u5229\u73fe\u5bf6\u85cf\u7d93, \u5377\u4e0b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [6]<\/a> Jataka No. 248. Xem<\/i>, Kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 4, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.69.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [7]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 01 \u518a No. 0001 \u9577\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u5341, \u4e09\u805a\u7d93<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [8]<\/a> Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, tr. 445.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [9]<\/a> Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2012, tr.85.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [10]<\/a> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, tr. 556.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [11]<\/a>Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span> \u4e00\u9053; No.125(12.1): Nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/span>. P\u0101li ekay\u0101no maggo, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span> \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [12]<\/a> Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span>, Trung A-h\u00e0m,<\/i> t\u1eadp 2, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa, NXB. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, 2009, tr. 1016.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [13]<\/a> Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, tr.579-580.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [14]<\/a> B\u1e5bhada\u0304ran\u0323yaka Upani\u1e63had<\/i>. Swami Krishnananda ed. Ashram. Rishikesh, India: The Divine Life Society Sivananda, 1983.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [16]<\/a> Xem t\u1ea1i<\/i>: http:\/\/www.tipitaka.org\/romn\/<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [17]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0125 \u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e94, \u58f9\u5165\u9053\u54c1,\u4e00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [18]<\/a> Xem t\u1ea1i<\/i>, http:\/\/www.zdic.net<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [19]<\/a> Xem t\u1ea1i<\/i>, \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 16 \u518a No. 0656 \u83e9\u85a9\u74d4\u73de\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [20]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 27 \u518a No. 1545 \u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u516b\u5341\u516b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [21]<\/a> \u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 02 \u518a No. 0120 \u592e\u6398\u9b54\u7f85\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u56db,\u00a0 \u4e00\u5207\u773e\u751f\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u754c\u6545<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [22]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 42 \u518a No. 1828 \u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6\u8a18, \u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d, \u00a0\u6d85\u69c3\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u8da3\u4e5f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [23]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 01 \u518a No. 0001 \u9577\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e5d, \u5341\u4e0a\u7d93. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u4e91\u4f55\u4e00\u751f\u6cd5?\u8b02\u6709\u6f0f\u89e3\u812b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [24]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 12 \u518a No. 0374 \u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u00a0\u5982\u4f86\u8a9e\u4e00\u5473\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u5927\u6d77\u6c34\uff0c\u662f\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u8ae6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [25]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 27 \u518a No. 1545 \u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u516b\u5341\u516b, \u898b\u860a\u7b2c\u516b\u4e2d\u5ff5\u4f4f\u7d0d\u606f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e4b\u4e8c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [26]<\/a> Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2012, tr.622<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [27]<\/a> C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u in l\u00e0 Tu nh\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1 \u9b1a\u9591\u63d0. Nh\u1ea7m t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1ng \u9b1a v\u00e0 \u9b18. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ecfng theo phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n m\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. P\u0101li: M.75 M\u0101gandiyasutta\u1e43. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [28]<\/a> Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span><\/span>, Trung A-h\u00e0m,<\/i> t\u1eadp 3, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa, NXB. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, 2009, tr.1601<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [29]<\/a> Xem t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/palikanon.com\/pali\/majjhima\/maj075.htm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [30]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 01 \u518a No. 0026 \u4e2d\u963f\u542b\u7d93, \u5377\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b, \u9b1a\u9591\u63d0\u7d93.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [31]<\/a> Xem t\u1ea1i http:\/\/www.zdic.net<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [32]<\/a> Kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr. 80.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [33]<\/a> Xem t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/pali\/khuddaka\/dhp\/dhp4.html<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [34]<\/a>\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c 04 \u518a No. 0210 \u6cd5\u53e5\u7d93, \u5377\u4e0b, \u9053\u884c\u54c1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [35]<\/a> Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>, t\u1eadp 1, Ti\u1ec3u kinh s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/span>, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2012, tr.95. Xem th\u00eam, Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2013, tr. 335-336.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    [36]<\/a> Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 2, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.329; Kinh Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span><\/span> thuy\u1ebft<\/i> (Ud.51). Xem, Kinh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/i>, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>, d\u1ecbch, NXB. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/span>, 2015, tr.168.<\/span>
    Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/span>
    (Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/span>
    -V\u00e0i L\u1eddi Ghi Ch\u00fa Khi D\u1ecbch Kinh<\/span> Ch\u00fa T\u00e2m<\/span> T\u1ec9nh Gi\u00e1c<\/span> (kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/span>) (D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: Hoang Phong)
    –Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> Th\u1eb3ng T\u1edbi Ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u1ed9<\/span> & Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/span> \u0110\u1ed1i Chi\u1ebfu<\/span> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 A H\u00e0m<\/span>
    <\/span>-Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t \u0110i \u0110\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0(Nh\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
    –Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span> duy nh\u1ea5t?<\/span>\u00a0(B\u00ednh Anson)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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