{"id":8646,"date":"2020-12-14T03:48:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T20:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/14\/chuong-i-lich-su-va-hoan-canh-tay-tang\/"},"modified":"2020-12-14T03:48:39","modified_gmt":"2020-12-13T20:48:39","slug":"chuong-i-lich-su-va-hoan-canh-tay-tang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/14\/chuong-i-lich-su-va-hoan-canh-tay-tang\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I – L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG I<\/strong><\/span>
L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec V\u00c0 HO\u00c0N C\u1ea2NH T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft 1
L\u1ecbch S\u1eed\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nay ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u1ed5 s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00ec ba m\u1ed1i nguy n\u00ean vua Thu\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p Tam Mi\u00eau, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ea1t Mi\u00eau t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e1n-T\u1ea1ng. Theo s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u1eed, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Theo \u201cT\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0, Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n truy\u1ec7n\u201d ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft: \u201cTh\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9c, bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed9c Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng, \u1edf r\u00e3i r\u00e1c\u00a0 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng H\u00e0, Ni\u1ebft, Giang, D\u00e2n. trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-Mao s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00edch Chi v\u00e0 Thu\u1ef7 T\u00e2y. V\u1ecb t\u1ecb t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 C\u1ed1t-\u0110\u1ec1-B\u1ed9t-T\u1ea5t-D\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed9c Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa\u201d. Ch\u1eef B\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ed3n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang h\u1ecd B\u1ed9t T\u1ea5t D\u00e3. Theo \u201cC\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u201d ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n : \u201cTh\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn d\u1eb7m\u201d. \u0110\u1ea5t T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t t\u00edch; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a chi h\u1ec7 L\u1ee3i D\u00e3 C\u00f4 \u1edf Nam L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1t; l\u1ea1i do ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1t m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m th\u00e0nh Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd\u00a0 th\u00ec Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nguy\u00ean v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cNgang\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, chia ra \u1edf kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ngh\u00ecn d\u1eb7m. N\u00f3i chung h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Nam B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t(Lasha) ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Trung nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean s\u1eed s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua Nguy\u00ean \u00dd T\u00f4n, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c T\u00e2y Ph\u1ed3n. L\u00fac Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d4-T\u01b0-T\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do\u00a0 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ra. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ba l\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean u\u00fd s\u1ee9 ty l\u00e0 \u00d4 T\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng, N\u1ea1p L\u00fd v\u00e0 C\u1ed5 L\u1ed5 T\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ba l\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u do ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m hai ch\u1eef\u00a0 \u00d4 T\u01b0\u00a0 l\u00e0 \u201cVe\u00e4\u201d (Usu), nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u1ec7-T\u1ea1ng, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u00d4 T\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u00fd\u00a0 n\u00f3i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9\u201d. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n mang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2u, Ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t, b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean thu\u1ef3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c, do v\u1eady \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh g\u1ecdi ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng h\u00e0m \u00fd T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9\u201d. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ed1-\u0110\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Bod-(Kyi)yul, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Tibet, c\u00f2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef Bod-(Kyi)yul l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3-B\u1ed1-\u0110\u1eb7t\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cTh\u1ed5-B\u1ed1-\u0110\u1eb7t\u201d. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m m\u00e0 ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Ph\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef B\u1ed1-\u0110\u1eb7t (Bod), hai ch\u1eef B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i th\u00eam ch\u1eef Th\u1ed5 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eef Ph\u1ed3n? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u1ee9 theo C\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 s\u1eed T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed9t-Ph\u00e1t-L\u1ee3i L\u1ed9c C\u00f4 T\u1eed T\u00f4n\u201d, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng do ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef Ph\u1ed3n. Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean d\u00f9ng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ng\u1eef l\u00e0 H\u00f4 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed3 B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c Th\u1ed5 B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1eb7t, trong khi nguy\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tobed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tibet. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Chung quy l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c\u201d m\u00e0 ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110em vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m ra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, th\u00ec T\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 do ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u00e1t\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1t Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u1ed3n\u201d. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghi khi hai ch\u1eef Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 (Buddha) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1eb7t, nh\u00e2n v\u00ec Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed9c Tra (Bhota), ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi s\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. \u1ede v\u00e0o th\u1eddi s\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c\u201d? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 tra c\u1ee9u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u00a0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 \u201cTuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu qu\u1ed1c\u201d (Gans-Can-Yul) \u201cTuy\u1ebft C\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c\u201d (Gans-ljons-Yul) v\u00e0 \u201cX\u00edch Di\u1ec7n\u201d (Gdon-Dmar)v..vv\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG TR\u01af\u1edaC TRI\u1ec0U NGUY\u00caN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tuy c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.\u0110\u1ebfn khi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 Kh\u00ed T\u00f4ng-L\u1ed9ng T\u00e1n (t\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng C\u00e1n Cang B\u1ed1-Sron-btsan-sgam-po) l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh nhau \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng. K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c, vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-Th\u00e1i-T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cLi\u00ean H\u00f4n\u201d nh\u1eb1m tranh th\u1ee7 ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh cho c\u00f5i bi\u00ean thu\u1ef3. N\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m (641), vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em t\u00f4n n\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh g\u1ea3 cho vua T\u00e2y-T\u1ea1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u c\u0169ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u00f4n, vua T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Ni-B\u1ea1c-Nh\u0129 l\u00e0 Ba L\u1ee3i Kh\u1ed1 C\u01a1 (Bhrkuti), cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi \u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. Do hai v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t cao. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghe theo s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.\u00d4\u00e2ng cho th\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u00e0 A\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1i quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0110oan M\u1ef9 Tam B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 (Thon-mi-sandhota) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u01b0u h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau khi h\u1ecdc xong v\u1ec1\u00fb l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n (Deva n\u00e0gari) l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 T\u1ea1ng, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng T\u1ea1ng v\u0103n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kinh Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng T\u1ea1ng v\u0103n; c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n minh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m C\u1ea3nh V\u00e2n nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean (710), vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng \u0111em c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Kim Th\u00e0nh g\u1ea3 cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ed L\u1ec7 S\u00fac T\u00e1n. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e1n-Th\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, hai v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u0169ng \u0111em nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 :\u201dMao Thi\u201d\u201dXu\u00e2n Thu\u201dv\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ec5 k\u00fd\u201d du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. V\u1ec1 sau v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng, Ki\u1ebfn Trung n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (783), v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00e1nh nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean (821), hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng – Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n k\u00fd minh \u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, minh \u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1, bia hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc cung B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cSinh C\u1eedu li\u00ean minh bi\u201d, bia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m Khai Th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 ba (838), nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn l\u00e0 L\u00e3ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma l\u00ean ng\u00f4i T\u00e1n Ph\u1ed5 (t\u1ee9c T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua theo t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed5ng-gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng ra s\u1ee9c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. N\u0103m H\u1ed9i X\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 hai (842) vua V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng t\u00e0n di\u1ec7t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa hai \u00f4ng vua n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e3ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma ph\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u00e2m v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n manh, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ea7y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eafc \u00e1m, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn suy vong, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00f5 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p.\u00a0
\u00a0\u00a0
T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG SAU KHI TH\u1ea6N PH\u1ee4C M\u00d4NG C\u1ed4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng mau ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c n\u1ea7y. Th\u1eddi M\u00f4ng Kha H\u00e3n, \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y sai em trai l\u00e0 H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t mang qu\u00e2n \u0111i nam chinh. Nguy\u00ean \u00dd T\u00f4ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba (1253), t\u01b0\u1edbng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00fd kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. V\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y khi H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb M\u00f4ng Kha H\u00e3n l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n, th\u00ec v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn (1272), Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 sai B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y V\u01b0\u01a1ng A L\u1ed7 X\u00edch ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh T\u00e2y Ph\u1ed3n bu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e2n \u0111\u00e3i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t-Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma T\u00e1t-CaBan Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1t (Sakya-pandita), v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y khuy\u00ean d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea7y, T\u00e1t Ca Ban Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1t ph\u00e1i ch\u00e1u trai m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba (c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba hay M\u1ea1t T\u01b0 Ba- Hphagspa) \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, khi \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t t\u00f4n l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 phong t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec Vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng-T\u1ea1ng. Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9\u00a0 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c khai sinh ra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cCh\u00ednh gi\u00e1o Hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, nh\u01b0ng sau khi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o chinh ph\u1ee5c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi vua Nguy\u00ean Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1337-1338), t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 M\u00e3 L\u1eadp Kh\u1eafc Ni Kh\u1eafc T\u1ec9 (Malik Nikpai) th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n k\u1ef5 binh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ed9 binh x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, do T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 cao nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb tay ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang tay M\u1ea1t Kh\u1eafc M\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 (Phagmo-du), \u00f4ng n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u00e0 Minh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, tri\u1ec1u Minh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, V\u0129nh L\u1ea1c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1406), Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 phong Hi\u1ec7p-L\u1eadp-Ma (Halima)c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0-C\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau l\u1ea1i phong C\u00f4n Tr\u1ea1ch T\u01b0 Ba c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng; n\u0103m Tuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn (1434), vua Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i phong \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch Ba l\u00e0 Th\u00edch Ca D\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c\u00ef ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt T\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch Ba\u2013Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i C\u00e1ch L\u1ed7. Sau khi T\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch Ba vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, hai \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cChuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ch\u01b0\u1edfng L\u0129nh H\u00e0m t\u1ee9c Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u1ea1ng-t\u1ee9c H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb H\u00e3n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 A Nh\u0129 \u0110\u00e1t (Minh s\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1p H\u00e3n) s\u00f9ng t\u00edn v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Chi\u00f9nh-Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf. Vua Minh l\u00e0 Trang Li\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u S\u00f9ng Trinh th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m (1642). cho C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1t \u0110\u1eb7t B\u1ed9 v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7p s\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ebf tr\u1eeb H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Ba H\u00e3n, sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau, C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 con trai m\u00ecnh l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng th\u00ec lui v\u1ec1 Thanh H\u1ea3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c H\u00e3n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u coi Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0
\u00a0\u00a0
TRI\u1ec0U THANH X\u00c1C L\u1eacP CH\u1ee6 QUY\u1ec0N T\u1ea0I T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng x\u01b0a kia v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa, ngay c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nay d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 s\u1eed ghi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac qua l\u1ea1i\u201d gi\u1eefa Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n T\u00e2y-T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00e0 M\u00e3n Thanh h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi b\u00e8n \u0111em N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh M\u00e3n Thanh(tri\u1ec1uThanh-Th\u1ebf-T\u1ed5, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thu\u1eadn Tr\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn-1652). Do ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf M\u00e3n Thanh c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y t\u1eebng khi\u1ebfn cho Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c Trung Hoa. K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Thanh-Th\u00e0nh-T\u1ed5, n\u0103m Khang-Hy hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t (1682), \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tang \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2y M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 \u0110an, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 che d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Thanh, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. M\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau\u00a0 khi tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec Tang Ti\u1ebft li\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 La B\u1ed1c T\u1ea1ng Nh\u00e2n Thanh Tr\u00e1t D\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia M\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd do bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i v\u1ee5, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n l\u00e0 L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n coi Tang Ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngu\u1ef5 b\u00e8n b\u1eaft nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft \u0111i. Nh\u00e2n v\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. N\u0103m Khang Hy n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn (1720), tri\u1ec1u Thanh c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng hai c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n l\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ec1 N\u00e3i v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea3 La N\u00e3i, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng coi ch\u00ednh v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4ng, Ung Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1727) l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n \u1edf Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ec1 N\u00e3i b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y Ph\u00e3 La N\u00e3i c\u1ee7a H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1n, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u\u00a0 Thanh phong l\u00e0m \u201cB\u1ed1i T\u1eed\u201d, v\u00e0 cho t\u1ed5ng l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec1n l\u1eabn H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. M\u00e3i hai th\u00e1ng sau qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e2n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u1ea7y, Thanh tri\u1ec1u li\u1ec1n bu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ea5t \u0110an ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa vin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e3 La N\u00e3i m\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Nh\u0129 M\u1eb7c Na M\u1ed9c Tr\u00e1t L\u1eb7c \u00e2m m\u01b0u g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb \u201cTr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phong t\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n, t\u01b0\u1edbc V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Thanh Cao T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m C\u00e0n Long th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m, n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u (1790-1791), Khu\u1ebfch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch (Gurka-nay Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129) hai l\u1ea7n \u0111em qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u Thanh ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i binh t\u1eeb Thanh H\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p Khu\u1ebfch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ea7y tri\u1ec1u Thanh bu\u1ed9c Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng qua \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n uy nh\u00e0 Thanh vang d\u1ed9i kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng; v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u1eeba bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t ra quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u0169ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1eabn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb\u00a0 \u201ctr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n\u201d ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00ean ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea5u.V\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0: Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129, B\u1ea5t \u0110an v\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft H\u00f9ng v.v\u2026 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i do v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cHo\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf\u201d th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1eb7t \u201cKim B\u00f4n Ba B\u00ecnh\u201d \u1edf L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t, sau khi t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u00ec c\u1ea3 ba ph\u00eda:Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c r\u00fat th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Theo Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ea5n Sinh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o\u201d(Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 t\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n-trang 82, 83) th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy n\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u00e3i mi\u1ec5n c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n, v\u00f5.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf (T\u00e1i sinh).<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m h\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng tin.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n quy ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi\u00a0 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111em to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 M\u1ea3n-Thanh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi C\u00e0n Long.<\/p>\n

Sau khi vua C\u00e0n Long b\u0103ng h\u00e0, Thanh tri\u1ec1u c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n suy vi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Thanh tri\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t khi tri\u1ec1u Thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 , T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1n b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 th\u00f3at ly kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Thanh. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 do qu\u00e2n Anh qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh h\u00f4n dung nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, sau v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng Anh qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n Anh (qu\u1ed1c), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o vong sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. L\u00fac v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh th\u00f3ai v\u1ecb, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai li\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

NG\u01af\u1edcI ANH KINH L\u01af\u1ee2C T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cao nguy\u00ean Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. V\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t phong c\u1ea5m; ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua Minh Hy T\u00f4ng; n\u0103m Thi\u00ean Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1624), c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha l\u00e0 A\u00e2n \u0110\u1eaft L\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ecbch (Antienio Andrade) v\u00e0 M\u00e3 Nh\u0129 Khu\u00ea (Mamuel Margues) v\u01b0\u1ee3t Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng S\u00e1t M\u1ea1t L\u00e3ng (Tran-Arang) \u1edf t\u00e2y b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi Thanh Cao T\u00f4ng, C\u00e0n Long n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba(1768), C\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00f4ng A\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Anh qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, C\u00e0n Long n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn (1774), vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i M\u00e3nh Gia L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 C\u00e1p T\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0 (Hastings) ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Ban Thi\u1ec1n, trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 B\u1ea5t \u0110an, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, B\u1ea5t \u0110an ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ban Thi\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u1eed s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y-T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4n t\u00ednh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Thanh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m Gia Kh\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn (1814), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129, hai n\u0103m sau Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd tho\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t giao cho Anh qu\u1ed1c. Thanh M\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ecb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1865), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c B\u1ea5t \u0110an l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd li\u1ec1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng B\u1ea5t \u0110an v\u00e0 c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c B\u1ea5t \u0110an k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba cho h\u1ecd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi Thanh V\u0103n T\u00f4ng-n\u0103m H\u00e0m Phong m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t (1861), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch T\u00edch Kim ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Anh qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. L\u00fac Ph\u00e3 La N\u00e3i c\u00f2n cai tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec B\u1ea5t \u0110an v\u00e0 T\u00edch Kim \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1ea1p c\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y nh\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1edbi B\u1ea5t \u0110an v\u00e0 T\u00edch Kim nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i v\u1edbi r\u0103ng, h\u1ec3 m\u00f4i h\u1edf th\u00ec r\u0103ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m Quang T\u1ef1\u00a0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn (1903), vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Kh\u1ea5u T\u00f4n (Lord-Curjon) tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Anh, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00f2i m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 y \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ee9t kh\u00f3at l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t, v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng b\u00e8n sai Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Vinh X\u00edch B\u1eb1ng (Colonel Younghasband) xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m n\u0103m sau qu\u00e2n Anh tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Anh qu\u1ed1c ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ea1n b\u1ea3ng Anh ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u00f4n t\u00ednh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ecb th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi (1871) h\u1ecd m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u0169ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Thanh H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khu n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd B\u1ed1i Gia Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Chu Bi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi B\u1ed1 L\u00fd Nh\u00e3 \u0110\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng khai th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea7y, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh-Nga r\u1ea5t lo ng\u1ea1i th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 uy hi\u1ebfp ch\u00e2u A\u00e2u. Do \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec x\u1eaby ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, Anh, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady \u1eaft T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Anh qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghi.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ec1 sau.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi Vinh X\u00edch B\u1eb1ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba \u0111ang \u1edf Thanh H\u1ea3i b\u00e8n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00ean n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Thanh tri\u1ec1u li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai. Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea1y sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Anh qu\u1ed1c, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai, tri\u1ec1u Thanh li\u1ec1n b\u00e3i tr\u1eeb danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai h\u00e3y b\u1ebb g\u00e3y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp thu n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Anh qu\u1ed1c h\u00e3y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecd\u00a0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Sau cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i (1911), qu\u00e2n T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean \u0111ang tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba (1913-1914) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i, h\u1ecd m\u1edf h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y M\u1ed5 L\u1ea1p \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1i Tuy\u00ean v\u0169 s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Di Ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ph\u00f3 h\u1ed9i, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec do C\u00e1t Lu\u00e2n H\u00e0 C\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n Anh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, c\u00f2n Anh qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec l\u1ea5y Ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 M\u1ea1ch Kh\u1eafc M\u00e3 H\u1ed3ng (Sir-Mcmahon) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trung gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu theo l\u1ec7 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 chia T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ra th\u00e0nh Ngo\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, v\u00e0 g\u00f3c t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam quy ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1ng (ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng), N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan vi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00f5 v\u00e0 g\u1edfi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh d\u1eddi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ec1 Lang T\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t \u0110an cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng quy nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1ea1ch Kh\u00e1c M\u00e3 H\u1ed3ng Tuy\u1ebfn\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Tr\u1ea7n Di Ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Thanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd t\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng chung cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong. Do b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n Anh. N\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai (1923) gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1t Lai\u00a0 v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0, Ban Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai n\u1eafm tr\u1ecdn quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y (1928), qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai (1933), \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch; n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u (1937), Ban Thi\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh th\u00ec vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ee5 \u1edf Thanh H\u1ea3i, n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m (1939), ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1i U\u1ef7 Vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00f4ng T\u1ea1ng U\u1ef7 Vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Trung T\u00edn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec l\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9\u00a0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t \u201c\u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadm Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 X\u1ee9\u201dD\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m (1949), Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i U\u1ef7 Vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00f4ng T\u1ea1ng U\u1ef7 Vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Quang Ki\u1ebft Ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ninh ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec l\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quang c\u1ee7a Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn.Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t th\u00f3ai kh\u1ecfi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y sang \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1950 Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd \u201cHo\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Hi\u1ec7p Ngh\u1ecb\u201dg\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c; n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba khu T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ban Thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ban Thi\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef y nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng hai b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Qu\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u1eef v\u0103n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1: n\u00f4ng, m\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng giao cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf\u00f9 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p.<\/em><\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, giao thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi, c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh U\u1ef7 Vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n khu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kinh ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh U\u1ef7 Vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i, B\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n khu v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng do Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ngay sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft.\u00a0<\/em>
\u00a0\u00a0
\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft 2
Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00f3c Nh\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t cao nguy\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ng\u00e0n m\u00e9t (16.000m), nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0n m\u00e9t. Do \u0111\u00f3, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi v\u00e0 nh\u1ecdn ho\u1eaft, t\u1ea1i Tuy\u1ebft Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao quanh n\u0103m tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a gi\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tan ch\u1ea3y, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c r\u00e8m tuy\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u0103\u00f9c gi\u00e1p cao nguy\u00ean M\u1ea1c M\u1ec5 Nh\u0129 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean s\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n h\u1ec7 C\u00f4n L\u00f4n, nam ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p s\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a d\u00e3i Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n, \u1edf gi\u1eefa n\u1eb1m v\u1eaft ngang s\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a d\u00e3i s\u01a1n h\u1ec7 V\u00f5ng \u0110\u00ea T\u01b0, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ed5 L\u1ea1p ch\u1ea1y xu\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p Thanh H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1n h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3, th\u00ec chu vi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Thanh H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, nam gi\u00e1p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, B\u1ea5t \u0110an, Tri\u1ebft M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng (T\u00edch Kim) v\u00e0 Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129, t\u00e2y gi\u00e1p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0: Kh\u00e1ch Th\u1eadp, M\u1ec5 Nh\u0129, Ba C\u01a1 T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e1t, A Ph\u00fa H\u00e3n v\u00e0 T\u00f4 Nga, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m ngay gi\u1eefa trung t\u00e2m ch\u00e2u \u00c1. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng – Ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u..\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u201cT\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n l\u1ee5c\u201dc\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1eebng (trang 4, 5) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ch \u201cHo\u00e0ng Thanh d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00fd S\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t (Richard), th\u00ec T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.200 d\u1eb7m Anh, t\u1eeb b\u1eafc v\u00e0o nam r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 740 d\u1eb7m Anh, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 463.320 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng Anh.[1]\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo Trung Th\u00f4n Nguy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft trong \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d, th\u00ec T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 800.000 km2 vu\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh qu\u1ed1c bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y\u00a0 l\u00e0 1.370 d\u1eb7m Anh, chi\u1ec1u ngang t\u1eeb nam ra b\u1eafc l\u00e0 802 d\u1eb7m Anh. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0: 1.000.000 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng Anh ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Thanh H\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng; c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb T\u00e2y M\u1ed7 L\u1ea1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh m\u1edbi \u0111em T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u00a0 chia ra th\u00e0nh N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m t\u1eeb 78 \u0111\u1ebfn 96 \u0111\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 27 \u0111\u1ebfn 35 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eafc tuy\u1ebfn. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 701, 3 d\u1eb7m Anh, n\u01a1i r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nam ra b\u1eafc \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 499, 3 d\u1eb7m Anh. T\u1ed5nh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 308.713 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng Anh. Nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ecba L\u00fd Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 469.294 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng Anh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 120 \u0111\u1ebfn 130 v\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Cam T\u00fac, Thanh H\u1ea3i, T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Nam .v.v\u2026 th\u00ec T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 270 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 v\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u (tr\u00edch: \u201cBi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1eadp\u201d t\u1eeb trang 26 tr\u1edf lui). Theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u201cT\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n l\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1eebng- (trang 02) th\u00ec: \u201cD\u00e2n s\u1ed1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 3.722.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba x\u1ee9: T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Thanh H\u1ea3i, T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

Theo Th\u00f4n Trung Nguy\u00ean-ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec: \u201cNh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hai tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0: T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, V\u00e2n nam, Thanh H\u1ea3i.v.v..\u201d (tr\u00edch: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d -trang 05). S\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba sau khi h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n nh\u1eefng di d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00f9ng ven t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng con s\u1ed1 n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 dung h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi hai tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (trang 04-s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc). \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec c\u0169ng do \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i treo h\u00ecnh Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 L\u01b0u Thi\u1ebfu K\u1ef3 thay cho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

1\/ T\u1ea1ng Ba, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1c Ba (Bodpa), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea1ng Ba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u1edf b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e3 L\u1ed7 T\u1ea1ng, B\u1ed1 Giang, H\u00e0 \u1ed0c.<\/em><\/p>\n

2\/ Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba, x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch M\u1ed9c (Kham), \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Kh\u00e1ch M\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng sinh s\u1ed1ng\u00a0 \u1edf T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh cao to kho\u1ebb kho\u1eafn, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t Ma t\u1ea1i cac ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1, n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e3 L\u1ed7 T\u1ea1ng, B\u1ed1 Giang, H\u00e0 \u1ed0c.<\/em><\/p>\n

3\/ An \u0110a, c\u1ef1u x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1eb7t c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-M\u1ed9c-\u0110a (Amdo). A M\u1ed9c \u0110a l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. V\u1ec1 sau t\u00ean g\u1ecdi A M\u1ed9c \u0110a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng sinh s\u1ed1ng\u00a0 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 Cam T\u00fac, Thanh H\u1ea3i, T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba th\u1ebf thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n khu ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\u00a0
Ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua ngang d\u1ecdc \u1eaft n\u01a1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ed9i c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e3y n\u00fai Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f5ng T\u01b0 \u0110\u00ea, c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng T\u1ea1ng Nam T\u00f9ng C\u1ed1c ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c H\u00e0 C\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng B\u1ed1 Giang \u1edf Nh\u00e3 L\u1ed7 T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed9i c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, n\u00f3 d\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m Anh, chi l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng Ni\u00ean S\u1edf ch\u1ea3y qua Giang T\u01b0 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt Kh\u00e1ch T\u1eafc, s\u00f4ng L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t ch\u1ea3y qua th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t. Duy c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1p T\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Kh\u1eafch T\u1eafc l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u1edbi T\u1ea1ng Nam T\u00f9ng C\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb L\u1ea1p T\u01b0 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua n\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt ph\u00eda t\u00e2y L\u1ea1p T\u01b0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai non ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch nghi cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i d\u00ea l\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Nh\u00e3 L\u1ed7 T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed1 Giang, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi l\u01b0u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00e2y b\u1ed9 T\u1ea1ng Nam T\u00f9ng C\u1ed1c c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng Lang, s\u00f4ng T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tuy\u1ec1n, s\u00f4ng S\u01b0 Truy\u1ec1n ba s\u00f4ng n\u1ea7y h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e1c T\u00edch V\u00f5ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc ch\u1ea3y qua Kh\u00e1ch Th\u1eadp M\u1ec5 Nh\u0129 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Ba C\u00f4 T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e1t, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng Lang S\u1edf b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb\u00a0 Ma Na T\u00e1t La C\u1ed1c Tr\u00ec (\u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 A N\u1eadu \u0110\u1ea1t Tr\u00ec trong kinh Ph\u1eadt) ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng T\u00e1t \u0110\u1eb7t L\u1ee3i Nh\u1eadt r\u1ed3i tu\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch L\u1ea1t \u00d4 T\u00f4 ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb B\u1ed1 Kh\u00e1ch Tr\u00ec, h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y qua T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u00e2n Nam r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 s\u00f4ng N\u1ed9 Giang. B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Tr\u00ec (t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1eb1ng C\u00e1ch L\u00fd H\u1ed3) v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 K\u1ef3 L\u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ao h\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ecba khu T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tuy r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u? L\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba khu cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1edfm ch\u1edfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00f2 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, t\u1eeb Tuy\u1ebft Tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf l\u00ean n\u00fai non ch\u1eadp ch\u00f9ng khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf. Nam b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tuy c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt, h\u1ecd c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 L\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 s\u01a1n m\u1ee5c. B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i chuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0o n\u00fai s\u0103n b\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba khu n\u1ea7y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 quanh n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e1i \u0111em T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng chia th\u00e0nh ba khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng An \u0110a, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u (66) d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 V\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Giang T\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nam T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1i ch\u1ebfch v\u1ec1 t\u00e2y, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t, th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u (36) d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Hai l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng, t\u1ee9c H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng, l\u1ea5y Nh\u1eadt Kh\u00e1ch C\u00e1ch T\u1eafc l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u (26) d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/em><\/p>\n

– Ba l\u00e0 A L\u00fd, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129 gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch Th\u1eadp M\u1ec5 Nh\u0129, th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n m\u01b0\u1eddi(10) d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd .<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 H\u1ea7u t\u1eed (con v\u01b0\u1ee3n), con H\u1ea7u t\u1eed n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Quan Th\u1ebf A\u00e2m, n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u00e3y n\u00fai Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Nh\u00e3 L\u1ed7 T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed1 Giang, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ma n\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n c\u00f9ng n\u00e0ng. R\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0o \u1edf trong hang \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e3i t\u1eadn th\u00e2m s\u01a1n, thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn T\u01b0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf tr\u00e3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nh\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean v\u1ecb vua n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u00a0 m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n sanh \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u do \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. Tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Quan Th\u1ebf A\u00e2m v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t Gi\u1ea1 \u1edf nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u0169ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1p- t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean li\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0 Quan Th\u1ebf A\u00e2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, b\u1edfi ngay t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba khu Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Tu\u1ef3, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 sau khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u cho th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean\u2013t\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh h\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh h\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1eed thi \u201cLa Ma S\u1edf h\u00e0nh truy\u1ec7n\u201d (R\u00e0m\u00e0gana) c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u00e2y \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 du m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ngh\u1ec1 s\u0103n b\u1eafn \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c cao nguy\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean n\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng-\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u201cVu\u201d, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Vu l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u1ea9u L\u00fd\u201d (trong mi\u1ec7ng) c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n T\u00e2y B\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u00c1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u00e1t M\u00e3n (Shama). Do \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u00f4n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea T\u00e1t M\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o. T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y T\u00e2y B\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u00c1 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m r\u1ed3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda nh\u01b0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u00fd Ng\u1ed9t Nhi) v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v.v.Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba n\u00eau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 do luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c huy\u1ec5n thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f4ng N\u0103ng Vu\u201d. C\u00f4ng N\u0103ng Vu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1oThu\u1eadt Uy L\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f4ng N\u0103ng Vu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n ki\u1ebft hung, gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ma, c\u1ea7u m\u01b0a, d\u1eadp l\u1eeda. Trong T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng N\u0103ng Vu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1ng. T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o (Bon). \u201cBon\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Vu S\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5; m\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ecb T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 L\u00e3ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma-m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 sau, khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh H\u1eafc gi\u00e1o; gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, do h\u1ea5p thu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Trung Qu\u1ed1c ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1ng. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m v\u1ecb h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2u T\u01b0 Kh\u1eafc Ni M\u00f4n (Chos-Kiy-ni-ma), th\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (Hjol bon): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, th\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra nghi th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i Tinh Linh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed7n T\u1ea1p B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o (Hkhyar-bon), th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ba v\u1ecb t\u0103ng t\u1eeb Ca T\u01b0 Di La v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c vua Ki\u1ebft L\u1ee3i C\u1ed1ng C\u00e1n Ph\u1ed5 (Gri-gum-bcan-po) m\u00e0 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh nghi th\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch (Bsgyur bon): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i, c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Xem ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/span>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II – Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n\u00a0truy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n