{"id":8661,"date":"2020-12-14T03:50:28","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T20:50:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/14\/chuong-vii-che-do-va-su-quan-he-giua-chinh-tri\/"},"modified":"2020-12-14T03:50:28","modified_gmt":"2020-12-13T20:50:28","slug":"chuong-vii-che-do-va-su-quan-he-giua-chinh-tri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/14\/chuong-vii-che-do-va-su-quan-he-giua-chinh-tri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII – Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG VII\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span>
CH\u1ebe \u0110\u1ed8 V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 QUAN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eeeA CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca – T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/span><\/span>
\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft 1<\/strong>
S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u00a0
Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Ch\u00ednh – Gi\u00e1o h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vua nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi L\u1ea1t Ma gi\u00e1o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Trung Hoa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t, L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 M\u00f4ng-C\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phu\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o n\u00ean d\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t, do v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi s\u01a1 Nguy\u00ean, ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111ang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh. L\u00fac vua Nguy\u00ean \u00dd\u00f9 T\u00f4ng (M\u00f4ng Kha H\u1ea3n) t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb, \u00f4ng sai H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t th\u1ed1ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ea1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam t\u1eeb Cam T\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn Xuy\u00ean T\u00e2y r\u1ed3i qua s\u00f4ng Kim Sa \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00fd, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb huy\u1ec7n C\u00f4n Minh c\u1ee7a V\u00e2n Nam ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba h\u00e3y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb. M\u1edbi b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u201ctung ho\u00e0nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u1ea5n ki\u1ebfn H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u l\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu, k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn khi H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t l\u00ean ng\u00f4i ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf li\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o cho M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t nghinh \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ban cho ng\u1ecdc \u1ea5n, l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh cho Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 cho M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. N\u0103m Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u (1260) ch\u00ednh vua Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 ban h\u00e0nh t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5) trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 n\u1ea7y. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi vua Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf, do n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb\u00a0 suy th\u00f3ai v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i lui v\u1ec1 la\u1ecb sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef U\u00f9y-Ng\u1ed9t-Nhi do Th\u00e1p Th\u00e1p Th\u1ed1ng A ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi ch\u1eef do Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2n t\u1ef1\u201d. Lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1i vu\u00f4ng, na n\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n ngh\u00ecn ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Do Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba, phong \u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u1eddi ba v\u1ea1n h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba, coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 12 (1275), Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng \u0111i qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 Thanh H\u1ea3i, T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khu n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba v\u1ea1n h\u1ed9. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean coi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u giao do Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf s\u01b0 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c song h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh-gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t (ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o).<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u T\u00e1t-Gi\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gia phong h\u00e0m \u0110\u1ebf s\u01b0, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u2013t\u1ee9c th\u00fac ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua Nguy\u00ean-Thu\u1eadn-\u0110\u1ebf, Ch\u00ed Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1345), th\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0 C\u1eed \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m; trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ea7y m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf s\u01b0 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf s\u01b0 tuy \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ra hi\u1ec7u l\u1ec7nh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y (t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o. Tr\u00ean t\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t, h\u1eadu phi, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, s\u0129 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1i m\u1ed9, quy y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ea7y L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 Trung Hoa l\u1eabn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7m Ba. \u00d4ng n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, m\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tinh th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p-\u0111\u00e0n M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, khi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma \u201cTh\u1ea7n d\u1ecb tr\u00e1c tr\u1ee9\u201d. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn kinh th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 phong l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean s\u1eed, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf S\u01b0\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb T\u00e2y-T\u1ea1ng. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sau: \u0110\u1ea1t-Nh\u0129-M\u00e3-Ba-L\u1ea1p-Thi\u1ec7t-L\u00fd, Y \u0110\u1eb7c-Tr\u00e1c-Th\u1ef1c-L\u00e2m-T\u1ea9m, S\u00e1ch-L\u1ea1t-Th\u1ef1c-Ba-Ng\u1ea1c-Nh\u0129-Gia L\u1eb7c, Tr\u00e1c Kh\u1eafc Gia L\u1eb7c X\u00e1n, \u0110a Nh\u0129 T\u1ec1 Ba L\u1eb7c, Tang Ti\u1ebft Tr\u00e1c Thi\u1ec7t, B\u1ea3o Ba L\u1eb7c T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed1, Ban Ch\u00e2u Nh\u0129 Ti\u1ec3n T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd phong \u0110\u1ebf s\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 S\u00e1n Ch\u00e2n. Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua h\u00f4n mu\u1ed9i, b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi b\u00ed thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong d\u00e2m l\u1ea1c. Theo Nguy\u00ean s\u1eed th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh S\u1ef1 C\u00e1p Ma, \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi em r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 Ng\u1ed1c L\u1ed7 Thi\u1ebfp M\u1ed9c Nhi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc vua m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thu\u1eadt v\u1eadn kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cDi\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7t Nhi\u201d (ba ch\u1eef n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i hoan h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, t\u1ee9c thu\u1eadt nam n\u1eef giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du gi\u00e0). Gi\u00e0 S\u00e1n Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong \u0110\u1ebf S\u01b0, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng l\u1eef L\u1ea1t-ma l\u00e0m T\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed7i T\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n c\u00f4 g\u00e1i trinh con nh\u00e0 l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 coi c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, n\u00ean Gi\u00e0 S\u00e1n Ch\u00e2n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee7ng th\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t vua m\u00e0 coi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y tr\u00f2 nam n\u1eef kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ed5 T\u1ee9c Ng\u1ed9t Lai\u201d (\u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i). Nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng theo Nguy\u00ean s\u1eed. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2\u00fd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t-ma tung ho\u00e0nh m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0: tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn b\u00e1u v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u00fd che ch\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 thu thu\u1ebf v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ra!<\/p>\n

Sau khi ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u201cch\u00ecm\u201d, th\u00ec H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0-C\u1eed t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp \u201cX\u00e1 Th\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec1u\u201d Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o L\u1ea1t-ma t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khu nh\u01b0: T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1ea5t \u0110an, T\u00edch Kim, Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 L\u1ea1p \u0110\u1ea1t Kh\u1eafc. Ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0-C\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i C\u1ed5-Gi\u00e0\u2013C\u1eed. Ph\u00e1i C\u1ed5-Gi\u00e0-C\u1eed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u chi ph\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i C\u00e1p T\u00f4ng (Lha \u2013 tsun-pa), do ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi L\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e1p\u2013T\u00f4ng (t\u00ean g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Kun\u2013bzan-rnam rgyal, sinh n\u0103m 1595 ho\u1eb7c 1569 ?) thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn C\u1ed1ng Ba, \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t. L\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e1p T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n T\u00edch Kim, \u0111\u1ebfn nay chi ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t ma L\u1ea1p B\u1ed1c L\u0103ng (Labrang=Blabran) \u1edf T\u00edch-Kim, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 cai qu\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u chi ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3, sinh con.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i B\u1ea5t\u2013\u0110an c\u00f2n do m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0 C\u1eed truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u1eeb nam b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y(17)sau c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1i (Lho- hbrag- pa). V\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ea1t Ma B\u1ea3o V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cPh\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. V\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. T\u1eeb khi du nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nay lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t \u2013\u0110an. Ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0-C\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Gia-Nh\u0129-M\u00e3. Ung Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba (1725), \u0111\u1eddi Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4ng, vua n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00edch Kim l\u1ec5 th\u1ec9nh v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0 Nh\u0129 M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00edch Kim tr\u00e1c t\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp. C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0-Nh\u0129 -M\u00e3 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7n \u1edf T\u00edch Kim, duy v\u00e0o n\u0103m S\u00f9ng Trinh th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (1635), \u0111\u1eddi vua Trang Li\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf nh\u00e0 Minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0 Nh\u0129 M\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u201cX\u00e1 Th\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec1u\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Ba\u2013H\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1t Ma Gi\u00e1o V\u00e0 Tri\u1ec1u Minh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00d4-T\u01b0-T\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn theo ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean, do v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o. Theo \u201cMinh s\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n\u201d th\u00ec: \u201cNh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u0103m H\u1ed3ng-V\u0169, Minh Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n tr\u1ecb lo\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0a. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1edd t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p. L\u1ea1i sai vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i lang h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y l\u00e0 H\u1ee9a Du\u1eabn \u0110\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n; \u00d4ng n\u1ea7y li\u1ec1n c\u1eed quan ch\u1ee9c c\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kinh s\u01b0 r\u1ed3i theo \u201cc\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p\u201d m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf s\u01b0 nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00d4-T\u01b0-T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Nam Gia Ba T\u1ea1ng\u00a0 B\u1ed1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y sai s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh s\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Minh Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 t\u1ecf v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t vui, li\u1ec1n ban cho Thi\u1ec1n\u2013y b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3o, h\u00e0i, ng\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c th\u00ec, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u Minh. V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tuy \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, tri\u1ec1u Minh v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t-ma t\u1ed1i cao trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t ma t\u00f4n l\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n T\u1ea1ng. Tri\u1ec1u Minh th\u00ec tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd cai qu\u1ea3n. S\u1edf d\u0129 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 \u0111ang trong xu th\u1ebf suy s\u1ee5p. Th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean, m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean nay \u0111\u00e3 lui v\u1ec1 b\u1eafc m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 Minh l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t ma c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Vua Minh Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch phong b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ngang nhau.<\/p>\n

Khi vua Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c v\u1ecb (1403), th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t- ma Nam Gia Ba T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y-T\u1ea1ng, vua Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u1ec1u phong t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d: phong \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt cho v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gia C\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c phong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb\u00a0 Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng v.v. cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn T\u00e2y Thi\u00ean Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed, ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m Qu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c S\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong h\u00e0m Qu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3nh Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0. L\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, th\u00ec phong hi\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 theo t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 Minh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi s\u01a1 Minh, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch T\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch Ba c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Cam \u0110an v\u1eeba m\u1edbi h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Minh tri\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd phong l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i H\u1ed3ng-m\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua Minh Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m V\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1576), Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1p H\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Minh phong l\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Ngh\u0129a V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y li\u1ec1n nghinh \u0111\u00f3n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4n c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o nh\u1edd d\u00f3 m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda nam l\u1eabn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1t Ma Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tri\u1ec1u Thanh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba du h\u00f3a theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c d\u00e0i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0: Cam, Thanh, Tuy, Ninh. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u1edf Thanh H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 H\u00e0 S\u00e1o, khi\u1ebfn Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1p H\u00e3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ee5ng binh b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf binh nghi\u1ec7p, k\u00ednh t\u00edn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 quy y Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o. Sau khi Nguy\u00ean Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf-Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1p H\u00e3n lui v\u1ec1 sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc m\u1ea1c (Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng). M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u1edf B\u1eafc m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y-T\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Thanh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Do \u0111\u00f3, nay xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 sau: (h\u00ecnh)<\/p>\n

Theo ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a\u201cTh\u00e1nh V\u0169-K\u00fd\u201d, th\u00ec do \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 C\u0103n \u0110\u00f4n Ch\u00e2u Ba v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng gom c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o tay m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o n\u1eafm c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.Th\u1ef1c ra, th\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khu c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n tr\u1ecb. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1eafm c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh-gi\u00e1o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u1ee7ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, do b\u1ed9 Ho\u00e0 Th\u1ea1t \u0110\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u v\u1eabn ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u1edf \u00d4 L\u1ed7 M\u1ed9c T\u1ec1, b\u1ed7ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i di chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p du m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn Thanh H\u1ea3i, v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y d\u00f9ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 sai \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft cung ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ea1ng Ba H\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e0 Nh\u0129 M\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u0111ang cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec \u0110\u1ec7 Ba T\u1ea1ng Ti\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n m\u00e0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o T\u1ea1ng Ba H\u00e3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh th\u1ea7y, gi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m Thu\u1eadn Tr\u1ecb th\u1ee9\u00a0 hai (1645), \u0111\u1eddi Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5. C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t T\u1ea1ng Ba H\u1ea3n; l\u1ea5y ch\u00f9a Tr\u00e1t Th\u1eadp Lu\u00e2n B\u1ed1 \u1edf H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng giao v\u1ec1 cho th\u1ea7y\u00a0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tuy C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t Nhan H\u00e3n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1t Nhan H\u00e3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh t\u00edn \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i do v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Ban Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t Lai ph\u00e2n tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Thanh tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m S\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y(1642), \u0111\u1eddi vua Thanh Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai sai s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecbnh kinh (Th\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y nay) d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi vua nh\u00e0 Thanh l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1ea1n Th\u00f9 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf\u201d, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u201cM\u1ea1n Th\u00f9\u201d l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u201cM\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u\u201d. Thanh tri\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t vui, li\u1ec1n sai s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai l\u00e0 \u201cKim Cang \u0110\u1ea1i S\u0129\u201d. Thanh Thu\u1eadn Tr\u1ecb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn (1652), \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh ch\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thanh tri\u1ec1u phong l\u00e0m\u201d \u201cT\u00e2y Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt L\u0129nh Thi\u00ean H\u1ea1 Th\u00edch Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng Ng\u1ea1c T\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ef1c th\u00ec th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai tuy \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh-gi\u00e1o t\u1ed1i cao, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf Gi\u00e1o-v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf Ch\u00ednh v\u1ee5.\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn do \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u201chi\u1ec7p thi\u00ean t\u1eed d\u0129 l\u1ec7nh ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u\u201d (m\u1ea1o l\u1ec7nh thi\u00ean t\u1eed sai khi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u\u201d. \u00d4ng ta lu\u00f4n nh\u00e2n danh \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m Khang Hy th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t (1682) \u0111\u1eddi Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tang, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1ee3n danh \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh phong \u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ed5 B\u00e1 \u0110\u1eb7c (t\u1ee9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng). Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ec9 H\u00e3n \u0111ang n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n.Khang Hy n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m (1696), nh\u00e0 Thanh m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0110\u00ea Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean tri\u1ec1u Thanh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y v\u1eeba tr\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 La B\u1ed1c T\u1ea1ng Nh\u00e2n Thanh Tr\u00e1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia M\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n, sau khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n b\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ngay, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Y- T\u00e2y Gia M\u1ee5cTh\u1ed1. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai ch\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y. Vi\u1ec7c L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1eabn-Nh\u0129-C\u00e1t \u1edf t\u00e2y M\u00f4ng-C\u1ed5. B\u1edfi l\u00e2u nay b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft . Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m Khang Hy n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m (1716), L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n b\u1ecb S\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u1ee3ng A-L\u1ea1p-B\u1ed1-\u0110\u00e1t-ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 m\u01b0u h\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u do L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n l\u1eadp l\u00ean b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i m\u1edbi l\u1eadp ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 La B\u1ed1c C\u00e1ch Tang Gia M\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Thanh H\u1ea3i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai do \u0110\u1ec7 Ba Tang Ti\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, c\u00f2n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00ean \u1edf Thanh H\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi qu\u00e2n\u00a0 Thanh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n-C\u00e1t-Nh\u0129 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m Khang Hy th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn (1720). V\u00e0 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t- c\u00f3 n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh xong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 Thanh d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n l\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ec1 N\u00e3i, cho \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 cho \u0110\u00e0i Ki\u1ebft-Ph\u00e3 \u2013La-N\u00e3i n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u1edf H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. Khi Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4ng- Ung Ch\u00ednh l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng b\u00e8n b\u00e3i b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1m-\u0111\u1ec3 (n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua l\u00fac ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a L\u1ea1t\u2013Ma, sau tr\u1edf thanh cung Ung Ho\u00e0 \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m Ung Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai (1724), Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ec1-N\u00e3i g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n. Trong l\u00fac qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec Ph\u00e3 La N\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n, Thanh tri\u1ec1u phong Ph\u00e3 La N\u00e3i l\u00e0m qu\u1eadn v\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho t\u1ed5ng l\u00fd c\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng l\u1eabn H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac Thanh tri\u1ec1u cho l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hai v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh, ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hai ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hai t\u1ec9nh T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng th\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi vua Thanh Cao T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m C\u00e0n Long m\u01b0\u1eddi hai (1747), Ph\u00e3 La N\u00e3i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, con trai l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u N\u00e3i M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1eb7c l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb. \u00d4ng n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7m c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Thanh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi tay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 Thanh tri\u1ec1u li\u1ec1n sai T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 S\u00e1ch L\u0103ng th\u1ed1ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t. Sau s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn n\u1ea7y, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0: H\u00e3n, V\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1ed1i L\u1eb7c, \u0110\u00e0i Khi\u1ebft.v.v.. nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra b\u1ed1n C\u00e1t B\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi cho h\u1ecd cai tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ec1u do \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai t\u1ed5ng l\u00fd to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh-gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n hay ng\u1ee5y.V\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Ban Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh nh\u00e0 Thanh di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y tuy xa, nh\u01b0ng Ban Thi\u1ec1n v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh-Gi\u00e1o s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 \u1edf H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng. N\u0103m Khang-Hy ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n (1695), Ban Thi\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Ng\u1ea1ch Nh\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Ni.<\/p>\n

C\u00e0n\u2013Long n\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n (1779), Ban Thi\u1ec1n\u00a0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn kinh k\u1ef3. Do tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 vua C\u00e0n\u2013Long \u0111\u00e3 quy y v\u1edbi Ban Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb Ban Thi\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn kinh th\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u Thanh, c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng phi t\u1ea7n, th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m ai ai c\u0169ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Ban Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh, Ban Thi\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eb3ng may n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a, Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, t\u1ee5c huynh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Ba H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 ph\u1ee5ng di c\u1ed1t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Trong l\u00fac ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111em s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ra ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t, th\u00ec t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 X\u00e1-M\u00e3-Nh\u0129-Ba m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o, b\u00ed m\u1eadt d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khu\u1ebfch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch (Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129) v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1edf Tr\u00e1t Th\u1eadp Lu\u00e2n B\u1ed1. Hay tin, Thanh tri\u1ec1u b\u00e8n ph\u00e1i Ph\u00fac Khang-An l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n mang qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb Thanh H\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Khu\u1ebfch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean b\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y \u1edf c\u00f5i ngo\u00e0i, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Thanh tri\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 Thanh trao th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh cho v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n, cho v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u do Thanh tri\u1ec1u n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, \u0110\u1ea1t Lai v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng coi v\u1ec1 T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chia c\u1eaft n\u1ea7y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 Thanh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb V\u00e0 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng V\u00e0o Cu\u1ed1i Tri\u1ec1u Thanh .<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Thanh, do v\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c Tri\u1ec7u Nh\u0129 Phong \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh (t\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba, g\u00e2y b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh (qu\u1ed1c) v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i Thanh tri\u1ec1u. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai, Thanh tri\u1ec1u b\u00e8n t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, l\u1ec7nh cho v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n ph\u1ecfng t\u1ea7m cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Linh-nhi m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1t Lai. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Thanh khi\u1ebfn d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u00f4n xao. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Thanh tri\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u h\u1eb3n. Khi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i (1911) n\u1ed5 ra, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai m\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9\u00a0 Xuy\u00ean (nay l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng), tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 m\u01b0u vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 Thanh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1ecb ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Nh\u0129 Phong \u0111i v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u201cTrung-Anh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5\u201d b\u00e0i x\u00edch tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh M\u00e3n Thanh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ebf quan. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u coi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc Kinh l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Quan. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp l\u00ean t\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec1n-T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh-Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c m\u01b0\u1eddi ba (1924), \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 Ban Thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb Thanh H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thanh tri\u1ec1u. Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai li\u1ec1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng, H\u1eadu T\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Ch\u00ednh-Gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y (1928) b\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m (1929) sai B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh Ung Ho\u00e0 Cung L\u1ea1t Ma l\u00e0 C\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1c Tr\u1ecdng Ni l\u00e0m U\u1ef7-v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hoan ngh\u00eanh. K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac C\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1c Tr\u1ecdng Ni v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i th\u00eam S\u1edf Th\u1ea7n \u0110an T\u0103ng l\u00e0m ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 X\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. N\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m (1939), Ng\u00f4 Trung T\u00edn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda l\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0: Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 X\u1ee9, c\u01a1 quan n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nha m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7 song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ebfn khi chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Kinh ch\u00fac m\u1eebng, v\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 Nam Kinh. C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m n\u1ea7y (1939), v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12, khai m\u1ea1c Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Nam Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1. D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y (1948), l\u00e0 n\u0103m b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u thi h\u00e0nh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1m c\u01b0 \u1edf n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Kinh tham d\u1ef1. Ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e2u sau n\u1ed5 ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1949, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ra l\u1ec7nh c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung \u01af\u01a1ng Tr\u00fa T\u1ea1ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u00ec c\u00e1o chung.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng thi\u1ebft tha g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng, khi \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u00f9ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean H\u00e1n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 Ninh Khang \u0110\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n l\u1ee5c\u201d. Ti\u1ebft 12, trang 133, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh sau: \u201cT\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i quan c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n ti\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 L\u01b0u ti\u00ean sinh; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, hai v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 sai khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u1ea9n nh\u1ea9n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean Trung-T\u1ea1ng, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng\u201d. (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1eebng- Ch\u00e1nh Trung b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft \u00a0II
Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 V\u00e0 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o G\u1ed1c C\u1ee7a H\u1ecd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u0110a-Tang M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 S\u1eed vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrung b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng \u00c1 T\u1ebf \u00c1, b\u1eafc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1n h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi T\u00e2y B\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u00c1, nam gi\u00e1p Cao Ly, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n, s\u00f4ng T\u1ebf H\u1ed3n (Sihoun), v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng L\u00fd H\u1ea3i, t\u00e2y kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5c Nh\u0129 Gia (Volga), \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ba gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n du m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft, Th\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng-H\u1ed3, l\u00e0 N\u1eef-Ch\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. C\u1ed5 s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ecbch, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n ra Hung N\u00f4, Ti\u1ec3n Ty, Th\u00e1t B\u1ea1t, \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft, Ki\u1ebft \u0110an v\u00e0 N\u1eef Ch\u00e2n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c du m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y tai ho\u1ea1 cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n – ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c du m\u1ee5c \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung\u2013\u00c1 m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o. Theo ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0110a Tang M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 S\u1eed th\u00ec t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i m\u00ea t\u00edn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c du m\u1ee5c c\u00f2n man d\u00e3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh m\u00ea t\u00edn gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3, v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 n\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi (\u00d4ng) Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt \u0110\u1eb1ng C\u00e1ch L\u00fd (Tangri). H\u1ecd s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadt, nguy\u1ec7t, s\u01a1n, h\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh (kim, m\u1ed9c, thu\u1ef7, ho\u1ea3, th\u1ed5). H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4ng th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00d4ng-Cang (Ongon) v\u00e0 treo l\u00ean v\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u00e0 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i. H\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng tai h\u1ecda l\u00e0 do \u00e1c qu\u1ef7 g\u00e2y ra, mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c m\u1eddi (th\u1ea7y) T\u00e1t M\u00e3n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o. T\u00e1t M\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong sinh h\u1ecda t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: huy\u1ec5n thu\u1eadt gia, th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, chi\u00eam tinh v\u00e0 ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n y thu\u1eadt v.v.. C\u00e1c T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e2y l\u1ecbm, l\u00fac \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa t\u1ee9 tung c\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebft hung, h\u1ecda ph\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n sinh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Vu-S\u01b0 (t\u1ee9c T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0). V\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m thi\u1ebft\u201d. (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng Th\u1eeba Qu\u00e2n- trang 33).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 69 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u201cM\u00e3 Kh\u00e3 Ba La H\u00e0nh K\u00fd\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cTh\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t\u201d, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n.V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 N\u1ea1p-X\u00edch Cai (Nacigay).\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 con ch\u00e1u, sinh, s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7n th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 c\u00fang r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng v\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4ng th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i tr\u00ed th\u1ea7n v\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ee9c tin n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t, theo ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Sa H\u1ea3i Ngang th\u00ec: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1t tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n minh\u201d (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng Th\u1eeba Qu\u00e2n \u2013trang 246-249).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb1ng C\u00e1ch L\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, N\u1ea1p X\u00edch Cai l\u00e0 t\u00ean v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ea7n. T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o tuy quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a th\u1ea7n. Minh Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng, n\u0103m V\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1577) Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 b\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o dung h\u1ee3p. Tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t V\u1edbi H\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00eau, Kim \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i kinh qua b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Oa Ho\u1eafc \u0110\u00e0i, Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch, S\u00e1t Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u00e0i, \u0110\u00e0 L\u00f4i, Q\u00fai Do v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng Kha, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Nam T\u1ed1ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5-H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t.Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng-M\u00f4ng Kha H\u00e3n. \u0110a Tang M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 S\u1eed quy\u1ec3n hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m, n\u00f3i: Sau khi t\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, M\u00f4ng Kha li\u1ec1n sai ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00e0 H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda nam. L\u1ea5y t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n coi v\u1ec1 Th\u00edch gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5, l\u1ea5y L\u00fd Ch\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng coi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5, sau \u0111\u00f3 phong T\u00e2y Th\u1ea9m T\u0103ng Na Ma l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0, cho tr\u00f4ng coi bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. V\u1ecb \u201cNa-Ma\u201d n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 L\u1ea1t-ma, th\u1ef1c th\u00ec v\u1ecb Na Ma n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0. Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cUy Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ed9c H\u00e0nh K\u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u1ed7 Kh\u1eafc H\u1eafc Nh\u0129 c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 th\u1eddi M\u00f4ng Kha H\u00e3n: \u201c Th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0 L\u00e2m c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u1eef\u00a0 L\u1ea1t ma H\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o\u201d. L\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110a Tang M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 S\u1eed quy\u1ec3n ba, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00f3i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, th\u00ec hai v\u1ecb H\u00e3n sau Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n c\u0169ng t\u1eebng m\u1eddi v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sagtcha pandita (T\u00e1t Gi\u00e0 Ban Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1t) t\u1eeb Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 cho M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a xong th\u00ec v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma n\u1ea7y vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Ch\u1eb3ng qua th\u1eddi n\u1ea7y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb H\u00e3n c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. Ri\u00eang H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00fac ch\u01b0a l\u00ean ng\u00f4i H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quy y Tam B\u1ea3o r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t ma T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111em Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb U\u00fd Ng\u1ed9t Nhi, Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c doanh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Sau khi M\u00f4ng Kha H\u00e3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u00ean l\u00e0m H\u00e3n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ebf s\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1edd \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 cho d\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5, n\u0103m Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u (1269) xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ban h\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2n t\u1ef1, chi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: \u201c N\u01b0\u1edbc ta d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, phong t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n chu\u1ed9ng theo x\u01b0a, ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1eeb. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u00e0m khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c U\u00fd Ng\u1ed9t t\u1ef1. Ngay b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u ta m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c v\u0103n t\u1ef1 cho M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ta \u0111\u1eb7c m\u1ec7nh cho qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 t\u00e2n t\u1ef1. Nay ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh cho mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch, vi\u1ebft, thay cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sao cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t ph\u1ecfng theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 Th\u00e1i mi\u1ebfu \u1edf Y\u00ean Kinh. Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba (1266), l\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 Th\u00e1i mi\u1ebfu, l\u1ec7nh cho t\u0103ng l\u1eef l\u00e0m c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u1ec5 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m \u201cV\u0129nh th\u1ee9c\u201d. Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai (1285), m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 sai Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u0103ng trong Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1i h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i kinh b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u201c Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Kh\u00e1m \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1ed5ng L\u1ee5c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Nam-T\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau vong v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y (1280). Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 n\u0103m Ch\u00ed Nguy\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t (1294). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Th\u00e0nh T\u00f4ng-N\u1ea1p Ma H\u1ea1. Th\u00e0nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng tin Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho T\u1ea5t Lan N\u1ea1p Th\u1ee9c L\u00fd (con trai \u00f4ng) thay vua cha xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Ph\u1ea1n kinh ra M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u0103n, v\u00e0 ban hi\u1ec7u cho L\u1ecbch S\u0129 S\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed3 Minh Qu\u1ea3ng Chi\u1ebfu Ho\u1eb1ng Bi\u1ec7n Tam T\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ed1c S\u01b0\u201d. \u0110\u1eddi vua Nguy\u00ean V\u00f5 T\u00f4ng, Ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba (1310), c\u00f3 cao t\u0103ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Quang \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda th\u00eam M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do Ph\u00e1t T\u01b0 Ba ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u1edf H\u1ed3i C\u1ed1t \u0111em t\u1ea1ng kinh T\u1ea1ng v\u0103n d\u1ecbch ra th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1ng kinh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u0103n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0: Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, Anh T\u00f4ng, Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ebf, V\u0103n T\u00f4ng, Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00f9ng t\u00edn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. L\u00fac Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 h\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p ( 1369) th\u00ec Nguy\u00ean Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea c\u0169- B\u1eafc m\u1ea1c; v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. C\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, khi \u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o Du Nh\u1eadp M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng, thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Ng\u1ea1c Nh\u0129 \u0110a T\u01b0 c\u1ee7a A Nh\u0129 \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n (S\u1eed nh\u00e0 Minh g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1p H\u00e3n). Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, A Nh\u0129 \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 Trung nguy\u00ean. V\u1ec1 sau quy ph\u1ee5c vua M\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Ngh\u0129a V\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1ng kinh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ngh\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ebfn N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n nghinh \u0111\u00f3n L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ebfn N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a A Nh\u0129 \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7t Th\u1ea7m H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0i C\u1ed5, sau khi \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i quy y ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00ednh Tri\u1ec7t Th\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung th\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t-ma danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Kh\u1ea5u Ba Kh\u1eafc Th\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Minh Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng, V\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1576), L\u1ea1t ma Kh\u1ea5u Ba Kh\u1eafc Th\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng quy y L\u1ea1t ma gi\u00e1o, Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u0103m V\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean ( 1573), Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ven v\u00f9ng C\u00e1p L\u1ea1p \u0110\u1ed7 Nh\u0129 B\u00e1 \u0110\u1eb7c c\u00f3 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 L\u1ea1t ma A L\u00fd Kh\u1eafc, \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n quy y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 V\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1577), Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n ph\u00e1i chuy\u00ean s\u1ee9 v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ngh\u00eanh th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 T\u1ecfa L\u00e3ng Gia M\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1 tu\u1ea7n t\u00edch M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 ban t\u1eb7ng ng\u00e0i danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cTh\u00e1nh Th\u1ee9c Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Ng\u00f5a T\u1ec1 Nh\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma\u201d. \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ch\u00f9a t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Quy H\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 Tuy Vi\u1ec5n. Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi chinh chi\u1ebfn, v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf binh nghi\u1ec7p quy y \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u00f9ng v\u0103n tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 nghe theo s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ea1n nam M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng). \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, sau chuy\u1ec3n sinh l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, k\u1ebf v\u1ecb v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Vinh \u0110an Gia M\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi t\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Y\u00eam \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3 C\u1ed5 Long H\u00e3n, nh\u00e2n v\u00ec \u0110\u1ed3 C\u1ed7 Long H\u00e3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00f5 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc m\u1ea1n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng) h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c y\u00eau qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a A Ba \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 T\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ed3 H\u00e3n. Trong bi\u1ec3u v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 T\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ed3 H\u00e3n thu\u1ed9c Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch b\u1ed9\u00a0 ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac T\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ta b\u00e1i y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i ban hi\u1ec7u cho t\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ta l\u00e0 Ngo\u00e3 S\u00e1t L\u1ea1t T\u00e1i \u00c2m H\u00e3n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng r\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadt tinh\u201d. Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cM\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 C\u1eadp M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a Bao T\u01b0 \u0110\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft Phu (Pozdneyeff)th\u00ec ch\u00e9p: \u201cA Ba \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n L\u1ea1t ma gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5\u201d. A Ba \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n cung th\u1ec9nh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb M\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1t L\u00fd H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00fa t\u00edch t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3-l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb M\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1t L\u00fd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c A Ba \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n t\u1eb7ng t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb N\u1eb7c M\u00f4n H\u00e3n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c B\u00e1c Th\u1ea1c\u00a0 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 T\u1ec1 N\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u00c1ch L\u1ed7 \u0110\u1eb7t \u1edf t\u00e2y M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 quy y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0 nh\u00e0 Minh. V\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch n\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n (1616), c\u00e1c Qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u00c1ch L\u1ed7 \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u quy y L\u1ea1t ma gi\u00e1o; trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khu kh\u00e1c g\u1ed3m: Khoa B\u1ed1 \u0110a, A Nh\u0129 Th\u00e1i, U L\u00ea, Th\u00e1p Nh\u0129 Ba C\u00e1p \u0110\u00e0i, Thanh H\u1ea3i v.v\u2026 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy y L\u1ea1t ma gi\u00e1o. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, con c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ba \u0110\u1ed3 L\u1ed7 H\u1ed3n \u0110\u00e0i Ki\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u0103ng. Qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u cho m\u1ed9t con trai \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1eef, v\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai th\u00ec nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eed nam trong c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m L\u1ea1t ma. Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129 \u0110an H\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m L\u1ea1t ma, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai ban th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cB\u00e1c Th\u1ea1t Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 H\u00e3n\u201d. S\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u1ee3ng A L\u1ea1p B\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e1t c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 b\u1ed9, noi theo Ph\u00e1 L\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng H\u00e3n v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m L\u1ea1t ma v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai ban t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea3o Quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. V\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a C\u1ed5-Nh\u0129-Tr\u00e1p \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng Y-L\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u0103ng l\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 h\u01a1n s\u00e1u ngh\u00ecn v\u1ecb .<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 V\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba (Rje-btsun-dam-pa-Ch\u00ed T\u00f4n B\u1ea3o V\u01b0\u01a1ng), v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec\u00a0 Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo danh x\u01b0ng th\u00ec Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch Ba \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0,\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1i T\u01b0\u1edbc Nang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110a La Na Tha. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng du h\u00f3a \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t Ma l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u01b0\u1edbc Nang tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t c\u1ea3i quy v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1i C\u00e1ch L\u1ed7, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0110a La Na Tha chuy\u1ec3n sinh th\u00e0nh Tri\u1ebft M\u1ed9c T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1t Nh\u0129 L\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o. Danh x\u01b0ng Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft M\u1ed9c T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1t Nh\u0129 L\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt? Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 do S\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u1ee3ng A L\u1ea1p B\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e1t thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang t\u0103ng. Do v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Thanh. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi tri\u1ec1u Thanh c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba v\u1edbi Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 b\u1ed9, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean S\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u1ee3ng A L\u1ea1p B\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e1t H\u00e3n b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 T\u00e2y L\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ed3, v\u00e0 m\u1eddi b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e0m h\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i nghi nan, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch kh\u1ea9n y\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u00fd b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 uy t\u00edn. V\u1ec1 sau do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Chu\u1ea9n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5y Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 ph\u00e1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u tr\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng Thanh tri\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t-ma, nh\u00e0 Thanh gia phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0: Qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0, Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u00f2n cho kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 phong t\u1eb7ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma, cho h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n.L\u00fac \u0110a La Na Tha du h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng (v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a A Ba \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i \u0110a La Na Tha c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb M\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea1t L\u00fd). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 quy y. B\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n. L\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf\u00a0 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi vua Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Thanh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd phong l\u00e0m Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3. Khang Hy n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i (1691), Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 tu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh (vua \u0111i ch\u01a1i) v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh S\u00e1t C\u00e1p Nh\u0129 \u0110a Lu\u00e2n N\u1eb7c Nh\u0129, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u00e0 M\u00e3n Thanh. Theo Ba \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00f4i (Badeley) th\u00ec Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba sinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m S\u00f9ng Trinh th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (1635) \u0111\u1eddi vua Minh Trang Li\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ung Ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean (1723), \u0111\u1eddi vua Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4ng. \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Thanh H\u1ed9i \u0110i\u1ec3n S\u1ef1 Li\u1ec7t\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p: \u201cN\u0103m Khang Hy ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai phong Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma, cho l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a \u1edf Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129 Kh\u00e1ch, r\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb vua Khang Hy \u0111\u1ebfn vua C\u00e0n Long, Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh. Khang Hy n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i (1691), sau khi g\u1eb7p Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m Khang Hy th\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i, trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m li\u1ec1n, n\u0103m n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vua Thanh v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt do Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 ban t\u1eb7ng. Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u1edbi vua Thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly. Khang Hy n\u0103m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t (1722), \u00f4ng tuy th\u00e2n suy, b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 t\u1eeb l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i, nay tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p nhau. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh k\u1ef3 th\u00ec Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0. \u00d4ng y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn vua \u1edf T\u1eed-cung. Truy \u0111i\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi vua c\u00f2n sinh ti\u1ec1n; hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m Ung Ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean (1723), \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n th\u00ec vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/p>\n

Vua Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4ng\u2013Ung Ch\u00ednh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba-v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5, vua c\u00e0ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng qu\u00fd k\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ung Ch\u00ednh d\u00f9ng l\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i. C\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 th\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1p ng\u1ecd, Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba c\u0169ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1p ng\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1eadc phi th\u01b0\u1eddng! Chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y L\u00fd Th\u1ea9m Vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3n ng\u0103n vi\u1ec7c vua Ung Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc kim quan c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch treo m\u00e0n c\u00fang tr\u00e0, v\u00e0 x\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t Ma\u201d, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n\u00a0 h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng di c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 t\u00f4n \u0110an Ba v\u1ec1\u00a0 Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n x\u1ea9y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m Khang Hy th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1666), c\u00f2n Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e3ng lai tr\u00e1c t\u00edch t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m C\u00e0n Long th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u (1741). N\u0103m C\u00e0n Long hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai (1757), Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Tr\u00e1c Ni \u0110\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n

1.Hi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9\u2013m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/em><\/p>\n

2.M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9-chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e1o ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

3.Thi\u00ean v\u0103n\u00a0 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9-chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh t\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n

4.Y d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9-chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hai h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 3 v\u00e0 4, nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e1t M\u00e3n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ecdc xong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, t\u0103ng sinh ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed r\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. H\u1ecdc v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba- l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u (danh t\u1eeb chung) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba nh\u01b0 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn. Do c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng. Trung t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y thu h\u00fat t\u0103ng l\u1eef kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong x\u1ee9 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Theo \u201cTuy Ph\u1ee5c K\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n th\u00ec: \u201cS\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh-quy\u1ec3n, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u L\u1ea1t-ma l\u00e0m \u201cc\u00e2y\u201d che ch\u1eafn, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n\u201d (\u00fd n\u00f3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u L\u1ea1t-ma, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u do L\u1ea1t-ma n\u1eafm gi\u1eef.Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i chu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb v\u00e2y b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y)<\/p>\n

L\u00fac vua C\u00e0n Long v\u1eeba t\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh th\u00e0nh y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua C\u00e0n Long ban cho hai v\u1ea1n l\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u201cHu\u1ef3nh S\u1eafc Vi Ki\u1ec1u\u201d (?). C\u00e0n Long n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn (1754), cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00e1t \u0110\u1eb7c Ba, \u0111\u1eb7t ra ch\u1ee9c Ty Sa T\u1ec9 N\u1ea1p Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi \u201ct\u1ee5c s\u1ef1\u201d. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau cho l\u1eadp Tr\u00fa Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u1ecb Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Thanh tri\u1ec1u l\u1ec7nh cho Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng t\u1ea7m H\u00f4 T\u1ea5t L\u1eb7c H\u00e3n. Th\u1eddi vua Gia Kh\u00e1nh t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, th\u1eddi vua \u0110\u1ea1o Quang t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi vua H\u00e0m Phong, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi Khang Hy, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi Thanh \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng, Quang T\u1ef1 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1878), t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ch\u00ed C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013\u00f4ng n\u1ea7y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea1y ba l\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho v\u1ecb Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (1870-1924) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed7i khi nghinh ti\u1ebfp v\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7n S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, do v\u1ecb M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Thanh tri\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 Thanh bu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ed C\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9. Quang T\u1ef1 n\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai (1896), v\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb trong cung c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u0103m Quang T\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n (1908), v\u1ecb Bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a hai t\u1ec9nh T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Nam l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Nh\u0129 Phong ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t-ma gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4ng cho qu\u00e2n Thanh x\u00e9 l\u1ea5y b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n kinh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebf gi\u1ea7y. C\u0169ng c\u00f9ng n\u0103m n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, bu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Thanh m\u1ed7i khi ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ban y\u1ebfn v.v\u2026 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 m\u00e0 b\u00e1i l\u1ea1y ng\u00e0i. Vua Thanh l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 Nghi, Tuy\u00ean Th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai (1910), Tri\u1ec7u Nh\u0129 Phong xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm L\u1ea1p T\u00e1t, b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai, bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u vong sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1t Lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ngh\u0129a S\u0169ng M\u1ed9c Ph\u00f4 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7n S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n l\u00e0 Tam \u0110a, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ea1t-ma, c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam ph\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n. Khi\u1ebfn Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn Tam \u0110a \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1edbm \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. Tam \u0110a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho M\u1ed9c Ph\u00f4, \u0111em ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00fd Th\u1ea9m Vi\u1ec7n x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea5u th\u1ec9nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t-ma cao c\u1ea5p \u0111ang n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3n T\u1ee5c-s\u1ef1\u00a0 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7-k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong, n\u0103m D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean ( 1912), Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u1ecb Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba \u1edf Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u00ean l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean (1912), \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng Tr\u00e1t T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c th\u00ec chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 th\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e3n v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n, th\u00ec phong ch\u1ee9c cho con ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (1915), th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc Kinh li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n s\u00e1ch phong Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba l\u00e0m \u201cNgo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 B\u00e1c Kh\u1eafc \u0110a Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 H\u00e3n\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u00ec Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb V\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng, nay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng cho \u00f4ng truy nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y. V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (1919), Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc Kinh tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i T\u1eeb Th\u1ecd Tranh l\u00e0m T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Tr\u00f9 Bi\u00ean S\u1ee9 tr\u00f4ng coi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ea3o \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m T\u1eeb Th\u1ecd Tranh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ecb. D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi(1921) th\u00e1ng hai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1ch Nga l\u00e0 \u00c2n C\u1ea7m Ba Long c\u00f4ng h\u00e3m Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m ph\u00f2 gi\u00fap Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba l\u00ean l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y khi\u1ebfn cho v\u00f9ng Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng l\u00e0 T\u00f4 \u00c1i Ba \u0110\u1ed3 Nh\u0129 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i \u00c2n C\u1ea7m nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n do T\u00f4-li\u00ean y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3. C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m n\u1ea7y, th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u00ean \u201cM\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7\u201d. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba l\u00e0m v\u1ecb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c m\u01b0\u1eddi ba (1924), v\u1ecb Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. Sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y, Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cM\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Qu\u1ed1c\u201d. Ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh\u2013Gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c truy t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n sinh c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. B\u00e3i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb nh\u01b0: H\u00e3n, V\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng, \u0110\u00e0i\u2013Ki\u1ebft, H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3, H\u00f4 T\u1ea5t L\u1eb7c H\u00e3n v.v\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t-ma tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u0103ng. D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y (1928), M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, ra ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft t\u1ecbch thu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ch\u00f9a, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c t\u0103ng l\u1eef ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c. D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai (1931), nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00f4n ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f3 81 \u0111i\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u1eef t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u (1917), t\u0103ng l\u1eef ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 116.577 v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t (1931) con s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 82.000 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd; do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u0103m 1964, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u201cTh\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ed3 Li\u00ean Ngh\u1ecb H\u1ed9i\u201d l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 V\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2013Gia (Lcan-skya) l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ea1n nam M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng). Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2013Gia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai m\u1edf n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2013Gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft B\u1ed1 T\u00f4n \u0110an Ba c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng. N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng c\u00f3 49 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 39 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng. Th\u1eddi vua Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ban ng\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ban t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2013Gia H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a V\u1ecb- T\u00f4ng (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ef1) \u1edf \u0110a Lu\u00e2n N\u1eb7c Nh\u0129, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u1ea3 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 A-C\u00e1t V\u01b0\u1ee3ng La B\u1ed1 Tang Kh\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ea1p \u0110an. \u00d4ng v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tu h\u1ecdc, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 sau m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2013Gia H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n. Khang Hy n\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u (1687), \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Y\u00ean Kinh y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn Thanh Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5. Khang hy n\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n (1705), \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban Kim \u1ea4n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u201cQu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3nh Ph\u1ed5 Chi\u1ebfu Qu\u1ea3ng T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c S\u01b0\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, Khang Hy n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y (1698). Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, Khang Hy n\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t (1702), th\u00e1ng hai, Khang Hy n\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn (1710), vua Th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Thanh ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i V\u0103n Th\u00f9, v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a n\u1ea7y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cB\u1ed5n S\u01a1n\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t ma gi\u00e1o \u1edf N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Thanh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4ng, Ung Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (1727), vua ph\u00e1t m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh cho Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a Thi\u1ec7n\u2013Nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00f9a \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam ch\u00f9a V\u1ecb-T\u00f4ng (n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2y mi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c Thanh T\u1ef1). C\u00e0n Long n\u0103m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u (1741), vua Thanh Cao T\u00f4ng l\u1ec7nh cho Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m v\u00e0 Ban Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111em b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0110an Ch\u00e2u Nh\u0129 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh xem c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a d\u1ecbch ra M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ng\u1eef th\u00ec h\u00e3y d\u1ecbch cho ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi vua xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7nh kh\u1eafc in v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e0n-Long n\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba (1758), vua l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh cho Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m v\u00e0 Trang Th\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 h\u00e3y tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u201cM\u00e3n, H\u00e1n, M\u00f4ng-C\u1ed5, T\u00e2y-Ph\u1ed3n Hi\u1ec7p B\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng To\u00e0n Ch\u00fa\u201d g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 88 quy\u1ec3n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng V\u0103n V\u1eadn Th\u1ed1ng\u201d g\u1ed3m 08 quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u Thanh m\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1c t\u00edch l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110a Lu\u00e2n, B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n. Ung Ch\u00ednh khi c\u00f2n \u201cti\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m vua Khang Hy t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb, Ung Ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n tinh t\u1ea5n tham thi\u1ec1n, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng h\u1ed1t ng\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00f9 v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u T\u00e1nh \u00c2m ca ng\u1ee3i \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xa, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m tin l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n t\u0103ng. \u00d4ng b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, v\u00e0 khen Ung Ch\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong tu thi\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ung Ch\u00ednh h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia, \u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e1n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sinh, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c, b\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh tinh thu\u1ea7n, vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, l\u00fac b\u1edd c\u00f5i thanh nh\u00e0n, ta h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp tr\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u1ec1n\u201d. (Ng\u1ef1 Tuy\u1ec3n Ng\u1eef L\u1ee5c, quy\u1ec3n 18). Trong \u201cH\u1eadu T\u1eeb V\u0103n\u201d \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t linh d\u1ecb, ph\u00f9 nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang, ng\u00e0y th\u00eam qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5\u201d (Ung Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ebf Thi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e2n T\u1ef1 Ng\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebf Bi).<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc\u2013\u0110\u00e0i Loan, n\u0103m 1957. L\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5u Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra linh d\u1ecb. Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0i Loan, l\u00fac nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n\u00a0 r\u1eb1ng; l\u00fac t\u00e1m n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean minh \u0111\u00e1nh B\u1eafc Kinh, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd T\u1eeb Hy Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu h\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00e1ch t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u00e8n cho v\u1eddi v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt (tuy l\u00fac \u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n \u1ea5u ni\u00ean) \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi xem n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 T\u1eeb Hy ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n th\u00f3at hi\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n T\u1eeb Hy Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au b\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt, li\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ecb \u1ea5u ni\u00ean Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng tay \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean b\u1ee5ng Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu, l\u00fac b\u00e0n tay Kim Cang c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia Ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba \u1ea5n l\u00ean b\u1ee5ng, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u01a1n \u0111au c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu m\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Khi tri\u1ec1u Thanh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng m\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 vua Khang Hy \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ban t\u1eb7ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3nh Ph\u1ed5 Chi\u1ebfu Qu\u1ea3ng T\u1eeb\u201d c\u00f2n th\u00eam b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef\u00a0 \u201cHo\u1eb1ng T\u1ebf Quang Minh\u201d. V\u1ec1 sau, T\u1eeb Th\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eb7ng th\u00eam b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef \u201cTri\u1ec7u Nh\u00e2n Xi\u1ec3n H\u00f3a\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ban t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u \u201cH\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0\u201d, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi vinh, suy tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft III
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o M\u00f4ng – T\u1ea1ng<\/span><\/strong>
\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 H\u1ea1ng L\u1ea1t-Ma:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o \u0110o\u00e0n L\u1ea1t-Ma M\u00f4ng-T\u1ea1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh, do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u00a0 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n L\u1ea1t-ma M\u00f4ng T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 danh x\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, xin \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed m\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng sau:<\/p>\n

(1)- Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i; 1-Chuy\u1ec3n Th\u1ebf H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3, 2-Chuy\u1ec3n Th\u1ebf N\u1eb7c M\u00f4n H\u00e3n, 3- H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3, 4- N\u1eb7c M\u00f4n H\u00e3n, 5-Ban \u0110\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1t, 6-Kham B\u1ed1, 7-X\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u0129\u00a0 T\u1ec1, 8- H\u00f4 T\u1ea5t L\u1eb7c H\u00e3n.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2) ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y:1 -Qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0, 2-Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0, 3-Tr\u00e1t T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc L\u1ea1t Ma, 4-Ph\u00f3 Tr\u00e1t T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, 5- Tr\u00e1t T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, 6- Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1t Ma, 7- Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1t Ma, 8- H\u01b0 H\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1t Ma, 9-T\u00f4 L\u1ea1p L\u1ea1t Ma, 10-Th\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e1t \u0110\u1eb7c Ba, 11-\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1ed9c T\u1ec1, 12- C\u00e1ch T\u01b0 Qui, 13-C\u00e1ch Long, 14-Ban \u0110\u1ec7. Ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1t T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc L\u1ea1t Ma tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec d\u00f9ng \u1ea4n, t\u1eeb T\u00f4 L\u1ea1p L\u1ea1t Ma tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec d\u00f9ng Tr\u00e1c (th\u1ebb), v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1ed9c T\u1ec1 tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0: Thi\u1ec3m (huy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam), Cam (huy\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ecbch thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Cam T\u00fac), Thao (huy\u1ec7n L\u00e2m \u0110\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Cam T\u00fac), D\u00e2n (thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n C\u0169ng-X\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Cam T\u00fac) th\u00ec tu\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh. 15-\u0110\u00f4 Cang, 16-T\u0103ng Cang, 17-T\u0103ng Ch\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn Tr\u00e1c(th\u1ebb).<\/em><\/p>\n

(3) Tu\u1ef3 theo n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: 1-Tr\u00fa Kinh L\u1ea1t ma, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t ma tr\u00fa t\u00edch t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0: Nhi\u1ec7t H\u00e0, Th\u1ecbnh Kinh (nay l\u00e0 Th\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u01a1ng), \u0110a Lu\u00e2n L\u1eb7c Nh\u0129, Ng\u0169 \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t ma c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m nh\u01b0, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3, M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u Nh\u0129 H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3. 2-T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng L\u1ea1t ma:g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma, Ban Thi\u1ec1n Ng\u1ea1ch Nh\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Ni v.v\u2026 3-T\u00e2y Ph\u1ed3n L\u1ea1t ma: g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c L\u1ea1t ma \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0 : L\u00e3ng-Trang, T\u00e2y Ninh, M\u1ed9c L\u00fd, S\u1ea1 Nha, S\u00e1t M\u1ed9c \u0110a, Lo\u1ea1i \u00d4 T\u1ec1 v.v\u20264-Du M\u1ee5c L\u1ea1t ma: t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t ma \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khu du m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0: Quy H\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh, Th\u1ed5 M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1eb7c, S\u00e1t Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u0129, T\u00edch T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1ed1 Lu\u00e2n, 49 k\u1ef3 \u1edf N\u1ed9i Tr\u00e1t T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc, Kh\u00e1ch Nh\u0129\u2013Kh\u00e1ch, A\u2013L\u1ea1p Thi\u1ec7n v.v\u2026. Lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 2, ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m H\u00f4 T\u1ea5t L\u1eb7c H\u00e3n, lo\u1ea1i 3 v\u00e0 4, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb H\u00f4 T\u1ea5t L\u1eb7c H\u00e3n.<\/em><\/p>\n

(4) C\u00e1c L\u1ea1t-ma tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1ef1 vi\u1eb9\u00e2n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i: 1-C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec3n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ecdc B\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3: Lan Chi\u00ean Ba L\u1ea1t ma, C\u00e1t B\u1ed1 S\u1edf L\u1ea1t ma, Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u0129 Ba L\u1ea1t ma. 2- C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb B\u00ed M\u1eadt H\u1ecdc B\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3: T\u1ea1p Kh\u1eafc L\u00e2m Ba L\u1ea1t ma. 3-C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Y H\u1ecdc B\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3: M\u00e3n Lan Ba L\u1ea1t ma, M\u00e3n Sa L\u1ea1t ma. 4-C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n H\u1ecdc B\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3: T\u1ec1 L\u00e2m Ba L\u1ea1t ma. 5-C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3: T\u00f4 Ni \u0110\u1eb7t L\u1ea1t ma, C\u1ea7u Th\u1ee9 \u0110\u1eb7c L\u1ea1t ma, M\u00e3n Ba L\u1ea1t ma, \u0110i\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Nh\u0129 L\u1ea1t ma. 6-Tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1t ma v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2y L\u00f4i L\u1ea1t ma. Tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y L\u00f4i L\u1ea1t ma, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1t ma v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1t ma.<\/em><\/p>\n

(5) Nh\u1eefng T\u0103ng, Ni b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i: 1-C\u00e1ch Long, 2-Ban \u0110\u1ec7, 3-H\u1ecdc Ngh\u1ec7 Ban \u0110\u1ec7 , 4-T\u0103ng L\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Khi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec7n, 5-tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00e0 L\u1ea1t ma c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0m, 6-\u00d4 Ba Th\u1eadp, 7-S\u01b0 n\u1eef\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 T\u1ec1 Ba H\u1ea3n S\u00e1t.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u Trung b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Tr\u00e1t Th\u01b0\u01a1ng; trong m\u1ed7i Trung b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra nhi\u1ec1u Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ed1n. M\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp T\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong ch\u00f9a t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u00e0o gi\u1edd c\u00f4ng phu khuya. M\u1ed7i Trung b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong b\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u00e0o gi\u1edd ng\u1ecd; m\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec7n, \u0110i\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng. \u1ede gi\u1eefa \u0110i\u1ec7n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0110an Tr\u00ec. M\u1ed7i Trung b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3ng kinh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. Ch\u00f9a Tri\u1ebft Phong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y Trung b\u1ed9, ch\u00f9a S\u1eafc L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n Trung b\u1ed9, ch\u00f9a Cam \u0110an c\u00f3 hai Trung b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 trong ch\u00f9a g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1,\u00a0C\u01a1 T\u1ef1<\/strong>:\u00a0L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a, ch\u1eef C\u01a1 T\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 C\u01a1 t\u1ef1. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd cho Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 C\u01a1 t\u1ef1. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 tr\u00f4ng coi, lo li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi sinh k\u1ebf trong ch\u00f9a, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 oai nghi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

2,\u00a0Ngh\u0129a\u00a0Ng\u1ea1c<\/strong>: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 oai nghi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a. Ngh\u0129a Ng\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb Th\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t trong ch\u00f9a. C\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f3 Ngh\u0129a Ng\u1ea1c, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd. V\u1ecb Duy-Na th\u00ec qu\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c, th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n; v\u1ecb L\u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 oai nghi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i Trung b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m ba:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1, Kham B\u1ed1:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Tr\u00fa tr\u00f9. V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t Trung b\u1ed9, c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd S\u01b0 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Gi\u1edbi S\u01b0 tr\u00f4ng coi v\u1ec1 oai nghi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Khi \u1edf Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec. Kham B\u1ed1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u00a0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a. Do \u0111\u00f3, Kham B\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n tu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y sung v\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i Trung b\u1ed9 suy c\u1eed m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

2,<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia:<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ed7i Trung b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng-Gia v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi chi d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t Trung b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3, C\u1ee7-S\u00e1t:<\/strong>\u00a0Ti\u1ebfng T\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3\u201d (k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n). C\u1ee7-S\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c oai nghi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u0103ng khi \u1edf n\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u1edf Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia v\u00e0 C\u1ee7-S\u00e1t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u Trung b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9. Duy c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3n oai nghi c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng ch\u00fang th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4n C\u00e1ch Ng\u1ea1ch\u201d. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn trong n\u0103m nay c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u trung b\u1ed9. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o ni\u00ean h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tu h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u trung b\u1ed9, sau khi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4n C\u00e1ch Ng\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o L\u00e3o h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Y\u1ebft ma (h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c\u00a0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf trong Ti\u1ec3u trung b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tham gia h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c V\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3o Th\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh Linh-nhi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem Linh-nhi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t Ma chuy\u1ec3n sinh hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb H\u00f4 T\u1ea5t L\u1eb7c H\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c H\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t khi s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quang cho v\u1ecb Linh nhi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Lai L\u1ea1t Ma chuy\u1ec3n sinh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1eed tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t Ma c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam-t\u00f4n l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y cho Linh nhi, c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 cho v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ec3 lo vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Linh-nhi. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y Linh-nhi v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u1eef ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n; nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec7n, so v\u1edbi ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ee7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i Linh nhi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi-T\u1ef3 kheo gi\u1edbi. Sau khi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi T\u1ef3 kheo, Linh nhi ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y, th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh x\u1eed ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

2,\u00a0Kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed t\u1ea5n nh\u1eadm:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng Hi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 1\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp C\u1eed-Ba- chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 C\u1ee7-S\u00e1t, C\u1eed-Ba sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u201cKham B\u1ed1 C\u1eed Ba\u201d. Trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, Kham b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1 C\u1eed Ba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng (to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb). T\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1ecda ch\u1ee7 ch\u00f9a Cam- \u0110an, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCam \u0110an Tr\u00ec Ba\u201d. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 T\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ch Ba; t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i do kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed m\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u0103ng nh\u1eadm c\u00e1c danh v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp C\u1eed Ba \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc M\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y b\u1edfi ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng theo h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb S\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc xong \u201cT\u1eadp M\u1eadt Kim Cang \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 Kinh\u201d v\u00e0 kinh \u201cNghi qu\u1ef7\u201d, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i khi n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 C\u1eed Ba c\u1ee7a ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft th\u00ec m\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft. C\u1eed Ba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1eed Ba \u2013 t\u1ee9c C\u1eed Ba c\u1ee7a ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1. H\u1ea1 C\u1eed Ba-t\u1ee9c C\u1eed Ba tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp. T\u00ednh lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 C\u1eed Ba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn v\u1ecb, v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i C\u1eed Ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf con s\u1ed1 n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp, trong n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1c m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong ch\u00f9a trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Sa-di th\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m, x\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v\u2026 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi T\u1ef3 kheo nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Sa-di. H\u1ea1ng C\u1eed Ba n\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp M\u1eadt b\u1ed9 Nghi qu\u1ef7 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb sau khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp C\u1eed Ba. Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp C\u1eed Ba trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, oai nghi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Sa-di, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 \u1edf ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi ngang b\u1eadc Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. N\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u1ea1ng Kham B\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh T\u1ef1\u00a0 Kh\u1ea3o Th\u00ed C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u01b0a kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m, s\u00e1u n\u0103m th\u00ec hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n Minh.<\/p>\n

2. Trong n\u0103m, s\u00e1u n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cHi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e1n Trang Nghi\u00eam Lu\u1eadn\u201d thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Kinh\u201d. N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e1n Trang Nghi\u00eam, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Tam th\u1eeba c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

3. Sau n\u0103m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u201cNh\u1eadp-Trung Lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec7t-X\u1ee9ng. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea9m, gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp H\u1ea1nh; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng: Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. Tu h\u00e0nh theo Trung Qu\u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n phi\u1ec1n n\u1ea3o, xu\u1ea5t sinh t\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua hai ho\u1eb7c ba n\u0103m k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0: \u201ckhai gi\u00e1 tr\u00ec ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n

5. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed C\u00e1ch-T\u00e2y, t\u0103ng sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 lu\u1eadn Cu- X\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng, v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7t, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v.v\u2026 Lu\u1eadn Cu- X\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, h\u1ecdct\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Nh\u00e2n Minh lu\u1eadn. B\u1edfi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00fd. Theo h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o , tu ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n g\u00ec, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft kinh lu\u1eadn g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ch\u00ednh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch , th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00f9n l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00f9n kh\u00f4ng l\u00fan.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed C\u00e1ch\u2013T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn Cu- X\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i do Kham B\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Trung b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc l\u1ef1c, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

1,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u \u0110\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch\u2013T\u00e2y:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch\u2013T\u00e2y, th\u00ec v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u0103ng th\u00ed sinh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i cu h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Ma-Ni Vi\u00ean \u2013 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai–\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. V\u1ecb th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. Trong l\u00fac di\u1ec5n ra bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4ng m\u00e0n ng\u1ed3i nghe. Danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec3n ra bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Trung b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n, l\u00fac n\u1ea7y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 Kham B\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n. B\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i cung \u0110\u1ea1t Lai. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. Sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u00eau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng th\u00ed ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00e0y b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fang h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

2, Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u0103ng th\u00ed sinh \u1edf h\u1ea1ng Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ai \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. Nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng hai n\u0103m sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u Chi\u00eau T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a ba ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c t\u0103ng th\u00ed sinh n\u1ea7y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ma Ni Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. Ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea7u \u0110\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

3, Tam \u0110\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o th\u00ed n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00ed sinh \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. V\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u00fac m\u1eafc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Kham B\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n \u00edt \u1ecfi, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00ec tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i danh d\u1ef1 C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00fang \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 th\u00f3ai \u1ea9n n\u01a1i s\u01a1n c\u1ed1c, tinh t\u1ea5n tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i thu nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0129nh tu m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

– Hai l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 C\u1eed -Ba \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tu M\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u0103ng nh\u1eadm l\u00e0m Cam \u0110an Tr\u00ec Ba, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, sau th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh C\u1eed-Ba c\u00f2n l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a trong c\u00f9ng chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ba ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Kham B\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ec7 tam, \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb3ng C\u00e1ch T\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea9n c\u01b0 t\u0129nh tu, b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m thu d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ed4NG K\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 sao cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o theo k\u1ecbp. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung theo s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh \u1ea5y v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u201cb\u00e0ng tr\u01b0ng phi\u1ebfm d\u1eabn\u201d, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p t\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh l\u00f2ng v\u00f2ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u1ec7 b\u00e1c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Trong bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, c\u00e2u ch\u1eef lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadn th\u1ee9c Nh\u00e2n Minh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u201ctu\u1ef3 kh\u1ea9u lo\u1ea1n thuy\u1ebft\u201d. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng y chi\u1ebfu theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Nh\u00e2n Minh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n minh. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

– H\u1ebeT –<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n