{"id":8762,"date":"2020-12-15T21:13:49","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T14:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=8762"},"modified":"2022-05-25T19:56:21","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T12:56:21","slug":"gioi-dinh-tue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/15\/gioi-dinh-tue\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh &#8211; Tu\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8762\" class=\"elementor elementor-8762\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb22a00 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb22a00\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76499aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea293c0\" data-id=\"ea293c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3ddc6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3ddc6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<header id=\"header\" class=\"site-header header-layout-primary-widget-area header-layout-secondary-bottom 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site-title-line1\">PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC \u0110\u1ea0I C\u01af\u01a0NG<em> <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h1><h2 id=\"site-description\" class=\"site-description ftwp-heading\" itemprop=\"description\">T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022<\/h2><\/div><\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"header-aside\" class=\" header-aside table-cell-mid  header-aside-widget-area\"> <div class=\"header-sidebar  inline-nav hgrid-stretch\">\n<aside id=\"sidebar-header-sidebar\" class=\"sidebar sidebar-header-sidebar\" role=\"complementary\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/WPSideBar\">\n<section id=\"media_image-1\" class=\"widget widget_media_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image attachment-full alignnone wp-image-953\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/tamhoc2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"31\"><\/section> <\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"header-supplementary\" class=\" header-part header-supplementary-bottom header-supplementary-left  menu-side\">\n<div class=\"hgrid\">\n<div class=\"hgrid-span-12\">\n<div class=\"navarea-table  table\"><div class=\"menu-nav-box  table-cell-mid\"> <div class=\"screen-reader-text\">Secondary Navigation Menu<\/div>\n<nav id=\"menu-secondary\" class=\"menu menu-secondary nav-menu mobilemenu-fixed mobilesubmenu-click\" role=\"navigation\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/SiteNavigationElement\">\n<a class=\"menu-toggle\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-toggle-text\">Menu<\/span><i class=\"fas fa-bars\"><\/i><\/a>\n<ul id=\"menu-secondary-items\" class=\"menu-items sf-menu menu menu-highlight sf-js-enabled sf-arrows\" style=\"touch-action: auto;\"><li id=\"menu-item-25201\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25201\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25213\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25213\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25214\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25214\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/1-so-dac-diem-cua-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25215\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25215\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/lich-su-phat-giao-wiki-27-05-2022\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25216\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25216\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao-khai-niem-phan-loai-nhung-ky-kiet-tap-lich-su-chung\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25218\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25218\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/tam-thua-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">D\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25219\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25219\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/cac-phap-mon-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25220\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25220\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/26\/cac-vi-phat-va-bo-tat-trong-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"menu-item-25221\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25221\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/phat-su-la-gi-cac-hoat-dong-phat-su-chinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25222\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25222\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25202\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25202\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Quy Y<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25223\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25223\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/quy-y-tam-bao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25286\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25286\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/duc-tin-cua-nguoi-phat-tu\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tin<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25288\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25288\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/duc-phat-va-tu-chung\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25225\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25225\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tu-la-gi-tu-trong-dao-phat-la-tu-nhung-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tu l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25224\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/phuong-thuc-niem-phat-cua-phat-giao-nam-tong-va-bac-tong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25246\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25246\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/05\/06\/phuoc-phuc-bau-la-gi-va-o-dau\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25247\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25247\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25204\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25204\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25226\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25226\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-dieu-de-cattara-ariya-sacca\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25227\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25227\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/tim-hieu-ve-tam-phap-an-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25231\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25231\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/kinh-chuyen-phap-luan\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kinh chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25205\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25205\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25298\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25298\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25239\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25239\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/bat-chanh-dao-a%e1%b9%ad%e1%b9%adha%e1%b9%85gika-magga\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25240\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25240\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-nhu-y-tuc-cattara-iddhipada\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25241\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25241\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/that-giac-chi-satta-bojjha%e1%b9%85ga\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi ( th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25242\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25242\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u0169 c\u0103n- Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25244\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25244\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-niem-xu-cattara-satipa%e1%b9%ad%e1%b9%adhana\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25245\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25245\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-chanh-can-cattara-sammappadhana\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25203\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25203\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25233\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25233\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/11\/28\/nguyen-nhan-duc-phat-che-gioi-luat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25228\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25228\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/ngu-gioi-5-phuong-phap-song-lanh-manh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25229\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25229\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/muoi-nghiep-lanh-phap-sanh-thien-gioi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25295\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25295\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/bo-tat-gioi-la-gi-tho-gioi-bo-tat-nhu-the-nao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25230\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/09\/08\/348-gioi-ty-kheo-ni-bac-duoc-dich-va-chu-giai-boi-hoa-thuong-thich-tri-quang\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc Tu s\u0129<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25280\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25280\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chay \u2013 m\u1eb7n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25279\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25279\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/bat-quan-trai-gioi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25232\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25232\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/22\/mangala-sutta-hanh-phuc-kinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e0i kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25281\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25281\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/05\/08\/5-ac-kien-than-kien-bien-kien-ta-kien-gioi-cam-thu-kien-kien-thu-kien\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn \u2013 T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u2013 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25310\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25310\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25234\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25234\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25206\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25206\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25235\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25235\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/chu-duyen-trong-phat-giao-nghia-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ch\u1eef duy\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25235\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25235\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/04\/01\/the-nao-la-tuy-duyen-thuan-phap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25236\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25236\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tom-luoc-1-so-loai-duyen-trong-phat-giao-va-dan-gian\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25237\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25237\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/thap-nhi-nhan-duyen-paticca-samuppada\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thuy\u1ebft th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25238\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25238\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/ngu-uan-panca-khandha\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25207\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25207\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25256\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25256\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/nghiep-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25257\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25257\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/co-bao-nhieu-loai-nghiep\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25315\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25315\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/luc-can-luc-tran-va-luc-thuc-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ee5c c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25258\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25258\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/ngu-luat-cua-thien-nhien\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u0169 lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25259\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25259\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25307\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25307\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/hien-tuong-chet-va-tai-sanh-2\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25319\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25319\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/05\/25\/tam-8-phap-the-gian-8-ngon-gio-doi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e1m ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25260\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25260\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/luan-hoi-luc-dao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u1ee5c \u0111ao<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25318\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/luan-hoi-luc-dao\/#ftoc-heading-7\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u00ean Long b\u00e1t b\u1ed9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25308\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25308\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/25365\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25316\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25316\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/su-thuc-ve-ma-theo-quan-niem-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25317\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25317\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/03\/25\/benh-duoi-lang-kinh-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u1ec7nh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25262\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25262\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25261\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25261\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/tim-hieu-ve-than-thong-trong-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25276\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25276\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/tam-minh-luc-thong-than-thong-cua-bac-a-la-han\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam Minh \u2013 L\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25314\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25314\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/31\/cac-danh-hieu-va-cap-do-tu-chung-thanh-qua-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25320\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25320\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/31\/niet-ban-la-gi-niet-ban-huu-du-vo-du\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25209\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25209\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e2m<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25248\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25248\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/26\/tam-la-gi-dac-tinh-va-vai-tro\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25249\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25249\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/26\/1-so-loai-bat-thien-tam-trong-vi-dieu-phap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e2m ( Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25250\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25250\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/vo-luong-tam-cattara-appamanna\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25273\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25273\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/09\/25\/that-thanh-tai-7-tai-san-cua-bac-thanh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n ( th\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh t\u00e0i)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25496\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25496\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tam-tanh-va-su-tu-tap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e2m t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25208\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25208\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25263\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25263\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/phap-dhamma-la-gi-cach-hieu-khai-niem-phap-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25264\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25264\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/phap-vo-vi-va-phap-huu-vi-1-so-dac-tinh-cua-phap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u2013 Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25285\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25285\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25283\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25283\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/01\/29\/tin-hanh-nguyen-tam-tu-luong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ( T\u00edn \u2013 h\u1ea1nh \u2013 nguy\u1ec7n)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25282\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25282\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/15\/qua-trinh-van-tu-tu\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam h\u1ecdc ( V\u0103n \u2013 T\u01b0 \u2013 tu)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25284\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25284\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/15\/gioi-dinh-tue\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc ( Gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 Tu\u1ec7)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25265\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25265\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/sau-phap-hoa-kinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">6 ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a k\u00ednh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25266\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25266\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/03\/06\/tim-hieu-ve-tu-nhiep-phap-bo-thi-ai-ngu-loi-hanh-dong-su-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25267\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/09\/28\/kien-van-giac-tri\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ki\u1ebfn \u2013 v\u0103n \u2013 gi\u00e1c \u2013 tri<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25268\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25268\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/hanh-cua-dat-nuoc-lua-gio\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tu nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25271\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25271\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u2013 H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25296\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25296\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/bo-tat-dao-la-gi-ly-tuong-cua-bo-tat-theo-quan-diem-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25272\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25272\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nghe ph\u00e1p \u2013 h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25275\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25275\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25301\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25301\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/09\/04\/tu-vo-so-uy\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25300\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/03\/06\/muoi-ba-la-mat-dasa-parami-trong-dao-phat-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">10 ba la m\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25338\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25338\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25337\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25337\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ch\u00fa Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25294\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25294\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25313\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25313\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25312\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25312\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1edd c\u00fang \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25270\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25270\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/10\/y-nghia-cau-nguyen-trong-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u2013 Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25293\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25293\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea7u ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25292\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25292\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea7u si\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25289\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25289\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25290\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25290\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tr\u1ee3 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e3ng sanh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25291\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25291\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Khai th\u1ecb l\u00e2m chung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25302\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25302\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/04\/16\/ban-khoan-la-gi-khi-nao-nen-gui-con-vao-chua\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1n kho\u00e1n \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25303\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25303\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/01\/18\/tong-quan-ve-quan-dinh-kim-cuong-thua-2-phan\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25304\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25304\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/04\/16\/le-hang-thuan-la-gi-nguon-goc-va-y-nghia-viec-to-chuc-le-hang-thuan-tai-chua-cuoi-hoi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ec5 h\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadn<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25305\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25305\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/06\/nguon-goc-cua-le-tam-phat-tich-phat-dan-sanh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ec5 t\u1eafm Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25306\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25306\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/02\/25\/khong-dat-hang-khong-bat-dong-vat-chinh-la-phong-sinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00f3ng sinh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25309\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25309\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/03\/24\/xuat-xu-cua-le-dang-y-kathina\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y kathina<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"menu-item-25309\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25309\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/11\/09\/y-nghia-cua-xuat-gia-gieo-duyen-ht-phap-tong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Xu\u1ea5t gia gieo duy\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25274\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25274\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/kho-tang-phap-hoc\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kho T\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25211\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25211\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25251\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25251\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tong-quan-ve-thien\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1t chung v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25252\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25252\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/07\/07\/phuong-phap-thuc-hanh-thien-chi-sakyong-mipham-rinpoche\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ( ch\u1ec9)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25253\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25253\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/07\/07\/thien-quan-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 ( qu\u00e1n)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25299\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25299\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/31\/than-hanh-niem\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25254\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25254\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/mot-so-loai-thien-tren-the-gioi-2\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">D\u00f2ng thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25255\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25255\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25210\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25210\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\n\n<li id=\"menu-item-25277\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25277\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/phan-muc-luc-phat-hoc-dai-cuong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25277\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25277\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25278\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25278\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/phat-phap-dai-cuong-tam-hoc-2022\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1eddi ng\u1ecf t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25297\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25297\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">1 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div><div class=\"menu-side-box  table-cell-mid inline-nav social-icons-invert\"><section id=\"nav_menu-1\" class=\"widget widget_nav_menu\"><div class=\"menu-menu-side-container\"><ul id=\"menu-menu-side\" 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class=\"js-search-placeholder\"><\/span><\/form><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08a64e8 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08a64e8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35d4255\" data-id=\"35d4255\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03ffc07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03ffc07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"25189\" class=\"elementor elementor-25189\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90d78cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90d78cb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2ea0a\" data-id=\"5d2ea0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53b6f2e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53b6f2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-335aa8a\" data-id=\"335aa8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9caf154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9caf154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff6600;\"><em><strong>Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98bac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b98bac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/phatgiao.org.vn\/ba-hoc-gioi--dinh--tue-p1-d31767.html#\">Ba h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1edbi &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh &#8211; Tu\u1ec7 (P.1)<\/a><\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>I. D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua Ba h\u1ecdc Gi\u1edbi-\u0110\u1ecbnh-Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u-\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t an vui t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng? Ba h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba th\u1eafng h\u1ecdc; v\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ba h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u1eafng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ba h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.- C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Gi\u1edbi cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb, \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c do th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u-\u00fd sinh ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong khi tu t\u1eadp Gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 g\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc, T\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc (adhi\u015b\u012bla) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, l\u1eafng s\u1ea1ch tinh th\u1ea7n, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m; nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc, hay t\u0103ng T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc (adhicitta), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u00fd h\u1ecdc, t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd h\u1ecdc, hay t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc.<br>&#8211; C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 Tu\u1ec7, cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 g\u1ecdi Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u0103ng Tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc (adhipraj\u00f1\u0101), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc.<br>Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ba h\u1ecdc Gi\u1edbi-\u0110\u1ecbnh-Tu\u1ec7. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><br><strong>Gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><br>Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u015a\u012bla (P\u0101li: S\u012bla) d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 Thi-la; \u00fd ch\u1ec9 cho h\u00e0nh vi, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, cung k\u00ednh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong Ba h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong S\u00e1u Ba-la-m\u1eadt hay, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-la-m\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u1ed1t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi \u00e1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 cho gi\u1edbi qui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh cho hai gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u-\u00fd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn 1 th\u00ec Thi-la c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, an \u1ed5n, an t\u1ecbnh, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, \u0111oan nghi\u00eam, t\u1ecbnh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc, Tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba h\u1ecdc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n, tu\u1ec7 th\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00e2n); \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n, gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m, hay gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n (t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u v\u00f4 l\u1eadu). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong S\u00e1u Ba-la-m\u1eadt, M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-la-m\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi Ba-la-m\u1eadt.<br>Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, Gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tu t\u1eadp sau khi Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m n\u0103m; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khi \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00f9y ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ra Gi\u1edbi, theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f9y ph\u1ea1m t\u00f9y ch\u1ebf\u201d. C\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, T\u0103ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eafm, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y T\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng theo n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u201cv\u00f4 s\u1ef1\u201d, m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. T\u0103ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<br><em>\u201cC\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c ch\u1edb l\u00e0m<\/em><em>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh n\u00ean l\u00e0m<\/em><em>T\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch \u00fd m\u00ecnh<\/em><em>\u0110\u00f3 l\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y\u201d.<\/em><em>\u201cCh\u01b0 \u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u00e1c<\/em><em>Ch\u00fang thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh<\/em><em>T\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u00fd<\/em><em>Th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d.<\/em><br>B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi Kinh. C\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u-\u00fd thanh t\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u00e1p L\u1ee5c h\u00f2a n\u1eefa n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u201cv\u00f4 s\u1ef1\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t T\u0103ng ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n T\u1ef3-kheo b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u201ch\u1eefu s\u1ef1\u201d hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111a s\u1ef1\u201d, ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ph\u1ea1m t\u00f9y ch\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ecbnh ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u-\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n do th\u00e2n-kh\u1ea9u l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ba nghi\u1ec7p cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang T\u0103ng theo m\u1ed9t quy c\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Y\u1ebft-ma, An c\u01b0, B\u1ed1-t\u00e1t, T\u1ef1 t\u1ee9, thuy\u1ebft gi\u1edbi, tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t\u2026 m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang T\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<br>Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi nam, n\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho hai h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho hai h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. C\u00f2n b\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba tuy v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba trong sinh ho\u1ea1t tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tu ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng. Trong ph\u1ea7n Gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 chia ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi, hai l\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi, Ng\u00e0i y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i T\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i b\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ai ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0 t\u1ed9i.<br>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 gi\u1edbi theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi, hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 ba tr\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo Ni th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sinh, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, gi\u1edbi d\u00e2m d\u1eadt (t\u00e0 d\u00e2m), gi\u1edbi v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i 4 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo Ni l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 8 gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 10 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 48 Gi\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, b\u1ea3y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 4 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. B\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y theo \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 th\u00ec d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi, hay ch\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi.<br>Theo T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt san ph\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 sao quy\u1ec3n trung th\u00ec Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m 4 ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3, gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng.<br>Gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf ra l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 chung cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<br>Gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, do m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng phi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c (ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c).<br>Gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi (tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi) m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh.<br>Gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ec gi\u1eef, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec, nh\u01b0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi, hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edbi, ba tr\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi hay n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, v.v\u2026<br>V\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p y\u1ebft-ma, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo lu\u1eadt nghi (nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3; v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u. Lu\u1eadt nghi, Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa\u1e43vara, phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 tam-ba-ra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u1ed9, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, h\u1ed9, c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 ba \u00e1c th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u0103n. V\u00ec lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nghi t\u1eafc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n sinh ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng sai tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi.&nbsp;<br>V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn 14 g\u1ecdi lu\u1eadt nghi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u00fd; theo \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadt nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m ba: th\u00e2n lu\u1eadt nghi, ng\u1eef lu\u1eadt nghi, \u00fd lu\u1eadt nghi; ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e1u c\u0103n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n lu\u1eadt nghi. Trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt nghi n\u00e0y, hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hai lu\u1eadt nghi sau l\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh tri l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n theo lu\u1eadt nghi.<br>Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n-\u00e1c, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hay n\u01a1i th\u00e2n (th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p), ho\u1eb7c do \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n sinh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n-\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00e2y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1eadu thi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u. Ch\u00fang tuy l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc. V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang do th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u00fd th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n-\u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u (h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n), ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u (h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u00e1c); n\u1ebfu t\u00f9y theo duy\u00ean \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac m\u00e0 sinh ra t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 trung v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3.<br>Theo Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt lu\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p phi s\u1eafc, phi t\u00e2m; v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng Nam S\u01a1n c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p phi s\u1eafc, phi t\u00e2m. Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c; trong khi t\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Thai th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eafc cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t.<br>Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 th\u00ec lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u (Gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i:<strong>Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi<br><\/strong><br>C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i lu\u1eadt nghi, Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa lu\u1eadt nghi, bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c, h\u1ed9 t\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nghi, lu\u1eadt nghi gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9c-xoa gi\u1edbi, d\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi (Gi\u1edbi l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c) cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, lu\u1eadt nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m t\u00e1m:<br>&#8211; Lu\u1eadt nghi T\u1ef3-kheo,- Lu\u1eadt nghi T\u1ef3-kheo Ni,- Lu\u1eadt nghi Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc (Th\u1ee9c-xoa-ma-na),- Lu\u1eadt nghi C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch (Sa-di),- Lu\u1eadt nghi C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef (Sa-di-ni),- Lu\u1eadt nghi C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam (Nam c\u01b0 s\u0129),- Lu\u1eadt nghi C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef (N\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129),- Lu\u1eadt nghi C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 (Nam n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi).<br>Lu\u1eadt nghi 1 &amp; 2 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi, 3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, 4 &amp; 5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, 6 &amp; 7 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, 8 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi.<br><strong>T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 sinh lu\u1eadt nghi, \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi, hay s\u1eafc tri\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi (Gi\u1edbi l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i s\u1eafc). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong khi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00eca sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u1ebf nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt nghi ph\u00e1p nh\u0129, cho n\u00ean lu\u1eadt nghi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng phi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c b\u1ea3y l\u1ed7i (th\u00e2n ba, mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ed1n) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi c\u00f3 n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi, l\u00fac \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi, l\u00fac ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u00f9ng sinh c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi.<br><strong>V\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o sinh lu\u1eadt nghi, hay \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi. Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu gi\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; ch\u00fang li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu; \u1edf trong n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xa l\u00eca l\u1ed7i \u00e1c, kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nghi. V\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng sinh c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0110o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadt nghi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1eedu v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng sinh v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh kh\u1edfi \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadt nghi.<br>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt nghi theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n ra, b\u1ed1n lu\u1eadt nghi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi.<br>Ngo\u00e0i ra, Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn 53 l\u1ea1i chia ra t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt nghi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 N\u0103ng kh\u1edfi, nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, ho\u00e0n d\u1eabn, h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m, trung ph\u1ea9m, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m, thanh t\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quy\u1ebft \u00fd \u1edf trong t\u00e2m l\u00fac th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, thu\u1ed9c Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1; c\u00f2n lo\u1ea1i sau c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>Trong gi\u1edbi th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, khi h\u00e0nh th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ba lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m \u00fd, b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi; c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh th\u1eadp \u00e1c, b\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2y ra, b\u1ea3y lu\u1eadt nghi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c lu\u1eadt nghi hay \u00e1c gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed5 heo, s\u0103n b\u1eafn, cai ng\u1ee5c v.v\u2026 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Kinh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 29 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec n\u00f3i c\u00f3 16 \u00e1c lu\u1eadt nghi, c\u00f2n theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt b\u00e1o \u00e2n 6 th\u00ec n\u00f3i c\u00f3 12 \u00e1c lu\u1eadt nghi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/nguyenlinhchi\/20180903\/phatgiao-org-vn-ba-hoc-gioi-dinh-tue1.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi:<br><strong>1. N\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 hai ch\u00fang c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef lu\u1eadt nghi t\u1ea1i gia th\u1ecd tr\u00ec. N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi th\u00ec n\u0103m gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u01afu-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, hay \u01afu-b\u00e0-di gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: (1) Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh, (2) Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, (3) Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, (4) Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, (5) Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n M\u00e3-n\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0a ra: kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh (kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2m), kh\u00f4ng tham s\u00e2n; c\u00f2n K\u1ef3-na gi\u00e1o th\u00ec d\u1ea1y: kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, l\u00eca d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp.<br><strong>2. B\u00e1t trai gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u01afu-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc, \u01afu-b\u00e0-di ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t gia. Nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d4-ba-b\u00e0-sa (Skt. upav\u0101sa), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia (c\u1eadn tr\u1ee5), hay m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n (thi\u1ec7n t\u00fac). B\u00e1t trai gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t chi trai, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi trai, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trai, b\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, trai gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1t gi\u1edbi, c\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi hay c\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt nghi. Trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nam n\u1eef t\u1ea1i gia, gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi kia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ba gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa l\u00e0: (6) Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng trang s\u1ee9c tr\u00e0ng hoa, thoa h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m, kh\u00f4ng ca m\u00faa xem nghe; (7) kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng cao r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb9p; (8) Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n phi th\u1eddi (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n qu\u00e1 gi\u1edd ng\u1ecd).<br><strong>3. M\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia, ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m (\u00e1i) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi Sa-di, Sa-di-ni, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt nghi (cho nam) v\u00e0 C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef lu\u1eadt nghi (cho n\u1eef). V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i sinh m\u1ea1ng.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng thoa h\u01b0\u01a1ng, trang s\u1ee9c tr\u00e0ng hoa.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ca m\u00faa xem nghe.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m gi\u01b0\u1eddng cao r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n phi th\u1eddi.<br>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c.<br>Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi sau d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Sa-di v\u00e0 Sa-di-ni, c\u00f2n n\u0103m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nam n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia. M\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 B\u00e1t trai gi\u1edbi, n\u0103m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, d\u00e0nh chung cho c\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi th\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea1i gia th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng cho v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, trong khi gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho B\u00e1t trai gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nam n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c cho n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c.<br><strong>4. L\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Gi\u1edbi s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa-di-ni tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi C\u1ee5 t\u00fac (gi\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo-ni), th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hai n\u0103m, n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p n\u1eef, h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi n\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc n\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb \u015aik\u1e63am\u0101\u1e47\u0101 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c-xoa-ma-na. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ee9c-xoa-ma-na, ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi d\u00e2m, gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o (tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp) v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef ra, c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p. Theo T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt 27, th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00fac (Kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec t\u00e2m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam).<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01a1n t\u1ee9 ti\u1ec1n (Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9m b\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ed9m b\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi; n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed9m n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1eb7c t\u1eabn (b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t).<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00fac sinh m\u1ea1ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt).<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef (Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef).<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi phi th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c (Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd).<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi \u1ea9m t\u1eedu (Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p theo lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng theo Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt th\u00ec s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u01b0 sau: d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c, th\u00e2u \u0111o\u1ea1t (tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp), s\u00e1t sinh, v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef, ma x\u00fac nam t\u1eed kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m r\u1edd m\u00f3 th\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1eef, nam), tr\u00f3c nam t\u1eed chi th\u1ee7 d\u1eef y nhi c\u1ed9ng ng\u1eef (n\u1eafm tay v\u00e0 \u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n). V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c. Ri\u00eang theo Ma-ha T\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadt th\u00ec ghi c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m vi\u1ec7c (Th\u1eadp b\u00e1t s\u1ef1) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>5. C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 upasa\u1e43panna hay upasa\u1e43pad\u0101, theo nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u1edf b\u00ean ch\u00e2n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ai tham gia v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u. Upasa\u1e43panna d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, hay g\u1ea7n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1eadn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, khi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4ng, sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u \u201ch\u1eefu s\u1ef1\u201d ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec, l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ba nghi\u1ec7p t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gia nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00fac n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n h\u01a1n n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 theo t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea1m h\u1eefu s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nam n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ra C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 t\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi, Ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi, C\u1eadn vi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nam n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p y\u1ebft-ma l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo (T\u1ef3-kheo lu\u1eadt nghi) v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni (T\u1ef3-kheo-ni lu\u1eadt nghi). Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh hai, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef n\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, T\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1 gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau d\u00e0nh cho T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni. V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00ec T\u1ef3-kheo c\u00f3 250 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni c\u00f3 348 gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u00edt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef.<br>Theo T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt th\u00ec 250 gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 348 gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1ef3-kheo-ni n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0 N\u0103m thi\u00ean B\u1ea3y t\u1ee5:<br>N\u0103m thi\u00ean g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ba-la-di thi\u00ean.<br>&#8211; T\u0103ng t\u00e0n thi\u00ean.<br>&#8211; Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 thi\u00ean.<br>&#8211; Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ec1-x\u00e1-ni thi\u00ean.<br>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9t-ki\u1ebft-la thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong n\u0103m thi\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u00eam Th\u00e2u-lan-gi\u00e1 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c t\u1ee5. Th\u00e2u-lan-gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ed9i Ba-la-di v\u00e0 T\u0103ng t\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o hai t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o Th\u00e2u-lan-gi\u00e1. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong n\u0103m thi\u00ean tr\u00ean, trong thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9t-ki\u1ebft-la ph\u00e1t sinh ra t\u1ed9i \u00c1c thuy\u1ebft n\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. V\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9t-ki\u1ebft-la ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c1c t\u00e1c, c\u00f2n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00ean t\u1ed9i do l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00c1c thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1ea5t t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u0103m thi\u00ean m\u00e0 ra. V\u1eady, N\u0103m thi\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m T\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng phi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c (c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m phi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c) v\u00e0, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng Gi\u1edbi kinh \u201c<em>Ch\u01b0 \u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u00e1c, ch\u00fang thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh\u2026<\/em>\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111em d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sau khi Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng Gi\u1edbi kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi\u2019. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u00e1c. Hai l\u00e0 \u2018t\u00e1c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi\u2019. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo ngh\u0129a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n. Theo Qu\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadt (ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng) m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec n\u0103m thi\u00ean, b\u1ea3y t\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n Ki\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi.<br>Ngo\u00e0i ra, lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba 40 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba t\u1ee5 t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t, Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadt nghi gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m. Hai, Nhi\u1ebfp thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n tu trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh. Ba, Nhi\u00eau \u00edch h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng theo \u0110\u1ed3ng lu\u1eadn 42 th\u00ec B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1eef s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi: H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1edbi, Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 t\u1ed9i hoan h\u1ef7 x\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi, H\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi, Ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi, Thi-la trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi Ba-la-m\u1eadt.<br>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea1i gia, xu\u1ea5t gia ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Sa-di, Sa-di-ni v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c-xoa-ma-na ra th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi Thinh V\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thinh v\u0103n th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i thanh t\u1ecbnh ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i tha h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn; trong khi gi\u1edbi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u1edbi. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u0103n c\u01a1, nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn 46 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Gi\u1edbi Ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 Th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi), c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng (Gi\u00e1 gi\u1edbi). Theo kinh Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng, lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t: M\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea5m thu\u1ed9c t\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn gi\u1edbi, hay m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa, hay m\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-la-di, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi khinh sau c\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khinh gi\u1edbi, thu\u1ed9c khinh t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh chung cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb nam n\u1eef t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia.<br>Theo Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i Quy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Th\u1eadt gi\u1edbi. Theo Ph\u00e1p Hoa huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a 4 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, c\u00f9ng Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi kinh, v.v\u2026 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi, c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadt gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Song, theo Ph\u00e1p Hoa Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u201cKhai tam H\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t\u201d, m\u1edf l\u00e0 n\u00f3i Quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ba th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i quy v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba. C\u00f2n Ph\u00e1p Hoa th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadt gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<br>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra \u1edf tr\u00ean, theo Ma-ha ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n 4 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: S\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0: N\u0103m gi\u1edbi, s\u00e1u gi\u1edbi, t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi, hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edbi, ba tr\u0103m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, hay n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi. L\u00fd gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi qua ba c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng-gi\u1ea3-trung\u201d, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ly t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1edbi.<br>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y di\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi hay l\u00fd gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi. C\u00f9ng gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng sang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ed1i Tr\u1eebng, m\u1ed9t T\u0103ng nh\u01a1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckhai hi\u1ec3n\u201d, d\u00f9ng m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi khinh c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3-l\u00f4-x\u00e1-na \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc th\u00ec v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ba t\u1ee5 t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n trao gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t. Truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt l\u1ea5y ba t\u1ee5 t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n chung th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u1ecd. Trong khi truy\u1ec1n trao ri\u00eang, gi\u1edbi s\u01b0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Nh\u1ea5t b\u00e1ch tam y\u1ebft-ma, hay ph\u00e1p tam quy truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ecd. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, hay Thi\u00ean Thai Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt gi\u1edbi, Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba gi\u1edbi, Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba Vi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi, Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi, Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00f4 t\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, Vi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi.<br>Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n t\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tam-mu\u1ed9i-da gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c \u00fd ch\u1ec9 cho gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 cho th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang sanh ba m\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i theo l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n b\u00ed m\u1eadt, gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea5m hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00eca b\u1ecf t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1.<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n.<br>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh nhi\u00eau \u00edch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng Tam b\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00f2ng nghi ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn th\u1ed1i lui t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1edbi, b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng.<br>Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p (gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft:<br>Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn (th\u1ecd) gi\u1edbi.<br>Gi\u1edbi s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n cho gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi.<br>Tr\u00ec gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi.<br>Truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi nghi.<br>L\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i tam s\u01b0 th\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng), ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi s\u01b0 (Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n khi truy\u1ec1n Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0m H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi s\u01b0) l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi s\u01b0.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd chung c\u00f9ng th\u1ecd ri\u00eang, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd (nh\u1eadn) c\u00f9ng th\u1ecd (nh\u1eadn) t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng th\u1ecd to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tam s\u01b0 th\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng, duy ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh xin nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tam s\u01b0 th\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi.<br>Gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai, khi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef ch\u00fang ta kinh qua nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00fac m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1edbi hay l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi. T\u00e1c gi\u1edbi hay gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft-ma th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p. Sau khi nh\u1eadn t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p y\u1ebft-ma th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1eef h\u00e0nh xong, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3. Sau khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p; ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t khi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00eca gi\u1edbi hay x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec gi\u1edbi li\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t.<br>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3, theo C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn 14 &amp; 15 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c duy\u00ean tam s\u01b0 th\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi hay x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m duy\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi: M\u1ed9t, \u00fd l\u1ea1c (c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi). Hai, t\u1eed vong. Ba, khi mang l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh (nam &amp; n\u1eef, nh\u1ecb h\u00ecnh). B\u1ed1n, \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n. N\u0103m, qua kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t (d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi B\u00e1t quan trai).<br>Ngo\u00e0i ra, kinh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafc C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c do gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt hay \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c. Hai, nh\u1edd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0. Ba, thi\u1ec7n lai m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o thi\u1ec7n lai l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 Da-x\u00e1. B\u1ed1n, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tin nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp. N\u0103m, do lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 T\u00f4-\u0111\u00e0-di. S\u00e1u, t\u00e1c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c th\u1ecd B\u00e1t k\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 Ma-ha Ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea3y, sai tin m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt sai khi\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n trao c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n trao cho Ni. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo-ni Ph\u00e1p Th\u1ecd, do s\u1ee3 n\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. T\u00e1m, t\u00e1c ng\u0169 nh\u01a1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, T\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00fac s\u1ed1, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u0103m v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi s\u01b0 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00edn, do Y\u1ebft-ma m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n tam s\u01b0 th\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1c y\u1ebft-ma \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n trao gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi. M\u01b0\u1eddi, tam quy m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c quy y Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng Tam b\u1ea3o m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br>L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam quy v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam quy c\u00f9ng th\u1ecd tr\u00ec hai gi\u1edbi trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi; n\u1ebfu th\u1ecd tr\u00ec hai gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi; th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ba hay b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi; th\u1ecd tr\u00ec n\u0103m gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e3n ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi.<br>V\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u1ecd Sa-di gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a l\u00e2u th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2n gi\u1edbi; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u1edbi th\u1ecd (Sa-di) v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd sinh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng m\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 \u00fay gi\u1edbi; v\u1ecb n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi, trang nghi\u00eam t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn gi\u00e1c chi gi\u1edbi; v\u1ecb n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n l\u00eca c\u1ea5u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt 16 th\u00ec, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 Ba-la-di, T\u0103ng t\u00e0n, Th\u00e2u-lan-gi\u00e1 (gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n) th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi; ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1, Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ec1-x\u00e1-ni, \u0110\u1ed9t-ki\u1ebft-la, \u00e1c thuy\u1ebft (oai nghi ph\u1ea7n), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 oai nghi. Sau khi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n, song v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi, th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi luy (s\u00fat k\u00e9m); ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh t\u1ea5n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ph\u00ec.<br>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c. Theo T\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt 29, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103m l\u1ed7i: M\u1ed9t, t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i. Hai, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qu\u00e1t m\u1eafng. Ba, ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed3n vang. B\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft sinh h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn. N\u0103m, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u1ea5y t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m ki\u1ebfn). Nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0u c\u1ea9u ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ec ng\u01b0u gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea9u gi\u1edbi, k\u00ea c\u1ea9u gi\u1edbi, v.v\u2026 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4 gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4 gi\u1edbi.<br>Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 \u00fd. N\u1ebfu ba nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft th\u00ec lo g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5; nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m ng\u0103n tr\u1edf ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00ec gi\u1edbi theo nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i hay tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t an vui trong gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt trong tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<br><em>C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e3n (Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sam\u0101dhi (P\u0101li: Sam\u0101dhi), d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ecb t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1n. Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf. C\u00e2u X\u00e1 t\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><br>L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 (\u015bamath\u0101 = x\u00e0-ma-\u0111\u1ecba), qu\u00e1n (vipa\u015byan\u0101 = T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-x\u00e1-na), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, nh\u1ecb v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, v.v\u2026 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sam\u0101dhi (tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba), ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam-mu\u1ed9i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 trong ba ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ba h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi-\u0111\u1ecbnh-tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay Thi\u1ec1n-na (dhy\u0101na), T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1. Theo Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi.<br>V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn 28 th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay tam-mu\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng theo Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 cho T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 cho T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, v.v\u2026 Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a \u0111\u0103ng 5 cho bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 7 lo\u1ea1i:<br>&#8211; Tam-ma-h\u1ee9-\u0111a (sam\u0101hida), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn. \u0110\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca t\u00e2m tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an \u1ed5n d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00f9 th\u1eafng vi di\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng cho t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n.<br>&#8211; Tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba, hay tam-mu\u1ed9i (sam\u0101dhi), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2n h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111oan tr\u1ef1c, an tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ebfp tr\u00ec, th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e1n (lo\u1ea1n), nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, song s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>&#8211; Tam-ma-b\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ec3 (sam\u0101patti), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u1ecbnh (ch\u00e1nh th\u1ecd) n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1edbn, vui m\u1eebng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u00edt th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>&#8211; \u0110\u00e0-na-di\u1ec5n-na (dhy\u0101na), Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n x\u00e9t ngh\u0129, chuy\u00ean ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eb7ng y\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n t\u0129nh nh\u1edb ngh\u0129, th\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ea5t-\u0111a-\u1ebf-ca-a-y\u1ebft-la-\u0111a (cittaik\u0101grat\u0101), Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111em t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>&#8211; X\u00e0-ma-tha (\u015bamatha), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh th\u1ecd, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n \u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00eca t\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu t\u00e2m.<br>&#8211; Hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa (d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6da-dharma-sukha-vihara), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecd c\u00e1i vui c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p h\u1ef7 m\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00f4i.<br>\u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ai sinh \u1edf s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y (hai c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba). Hai, tu \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi (n\u01a1i n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh. Hai \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 hay \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, c\u00f2n \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc hay \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<br>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u X\u00e1 t\u00f4ng th\u00ec chia ra l\u00e0m hai: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, hai l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 (t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed.<br>T\u1ee9 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec7 tam t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1. \u1ede s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, \u01b0u, kh\u1ed5, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ecd. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u1edf trong s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 th\u00ec hai th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u0169i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<br>T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i (c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9c tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y do s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u00eca c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi duy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c x\u1ee9, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb lu\u00f4n th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng phi v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00eca b\u1ecf lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phi t\u01b0\u1edfng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4 n\u1eefa) v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a phi t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa lu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng vi t\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<br>Trong b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eadn ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. Song, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eadn ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh (g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh (ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh), n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y c\u1eadn ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian c\u1eadn ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay l\u00e0 trung gian t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y (\u0111\u1ecbnh trung gian), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m. Trong \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m. Trong c\u1eedu ph\u1ea9m, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i cao trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3y c\u1eadn ph\u1eadn, trung gian v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, v.v\u2026 ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i Tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba. T\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u00f4 t\u1ea1p; trong khi, T\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 cho qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u01b0 duy, n\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf s\u00e2u xa. Ba lo\u1ea1i tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t, tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n. Hai, Tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n. Ba, tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 c\u1eadn ph\u1eadn tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba, hay ba tam-mu\u1ed9i.<br>Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ra l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i: V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>&#8211; V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed. \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi tham \u00e1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, \u0111\u1eafm v\u1ecb \u00e1i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1ed9c b\u00e1t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>&#8211; T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed. \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc: (1) Thu\u1eadn th\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh. (2) Thu\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba. (3) Thu\u1eadn th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba. (4) Thu\u1eadn quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u1edf trong v\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh, trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ea5t c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00e1t c\u0103n b\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u sinh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><br>&#8211; V\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh, trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi ba v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u00e2m l\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n (b\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n (b\u00ecnh). V\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu \u0111em ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh th\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1n t\u0103ng, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m; c\u00f2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1. Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 duy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn 30 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea9m X\u00e0-ma-tha (ch\u1ec9) l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na (qu\u00e1n) l\u00e0m qu\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m X\u00e0-ma-tha m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":8764,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/phatgiao-org-vn-ba-hoc-gioi-dinh-tue11.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/phatgiao-org-vn-ba-hoc-gioi-dinh-tue11.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/phatgiao-org-vn-ba-hoc-gioi-dinh-tue11-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/phatgiao-org-vn-ba-hoc-gioi-dinh-tue11-465x310.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea9m X\u00e0-ma-tha ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m 9 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ed9i tr\u1ee5, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 linh tr\u1ee5, t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 tr\u1ee5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp thu n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, xa l\u00eca t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n b\u00ean trong, m\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5, hay l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3nh vi t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; An tr\u1ee5, hay l\u00e0 ph\u00fa th\u1ea9m tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, \u0111em t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eadu bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u00fd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nhu tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng cho tan ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh tr\u1ee5, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u00e1c t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 s\u00e2u xa, c\u00f9ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111em t\u00e2m nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c do m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi t\u1ea7m t\u1eeb \u00e1c c\u00f9ng t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa nh\u1ee9 th\u00fa, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ebfp tr\u00ec, hay nh\u1eadm v\u1eadn tr\u00ec, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean tu t\u1eadp lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh: M\u1ed9t, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ch, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n tr\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, d\u00f9ng t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb bi, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, gi\u1edbi gi\u1eef ng\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m, n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi duy\u00ean, gi\u1edbi, x\u1ee9, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, x\u1ee9, phi x\u1ee9, n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf. Hai, t\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sai bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ch th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Ba, ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m t\u01b0, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u00fd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m t\u01b0. B\u1ed1n, t\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 s\u00e1t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u th\u1ea9m qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, l\u00e0 r\u00f5 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean truy c\u1ea7u.<br>\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u00e2m chia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, qu\u00e2n (b\u00ecnh) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh do di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf; \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn th\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3, h\u1ecd \u0111em c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i v\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ngo\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh ra, t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, v.v\u2026 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc d\u1ecb ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, cho n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eedu th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi A-la-h\u00e1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ecbnh tu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 si\u00eau \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay si\u00eau \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, hay si\u00eau tam-mu\u1ed9i.<br>Theo C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn 28 th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn 31 th\u00ec gia h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 9 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tham, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 si\u00eang tu b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e2n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 si\u00eang tu t\u1eeb bi qu\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi si, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 si\u00eang tu duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi qu\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 si\u00eang tu gi\u1edbi (c\u00f5i) sai bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m, t\u01b0, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 si\u00eang tu gi\u1eef ng\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Xuy\u1ebfn t\u1eadp gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9, qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea5t ho\u00e3n gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch xa l\u00eca, tu t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; V\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea3o gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u1ee8ng th\u1eddi gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac tu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9, qu\u00e1n, c\u1eed, x\u1ea3, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3i li\u1ec5u gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9, qu\u00e1n, c\u1eed, x\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eadp, tr\u1ee5, x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; V\u00f4 y\u1ebfm t\u00fac gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i lui, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea5t x\u1ea3 \u00e1ch gia h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y theo ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhu nhuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00e1nh gia h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp 9 lo\u1ea1i gia h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m mau ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u1ebfu theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u00fd, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gia h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c \u00fd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u00fd th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecba. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean xa l\u00eca 4 lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u01b0\u1edbng khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1i ph\u00fa l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho d\u1ee5c tham, s\u00e2n nhu\u1ebf, h\u00f4n mi\u00ean, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, nghi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea7m t\u01b0, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 c\u1eed, l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn cao c\u1eed h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ra th\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00eca d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u1edf trong d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br>Theo Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gian thi\u1ec1n (h\u1eefu l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh), xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian thi\u1ec1n (v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh).<br>Th\u1ebf gian thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ee9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh. Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hai:<br>&#8211; Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian thi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba c\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m l\u1ee5c di\u1ec7u m\u00f4n, th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u1eafng, th\u00f4ng minh, c\u1eedu t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00e1t b\u1ed1i x\u1ea3, b\u00e1t th\u1eafng x\u1ee9, th\u1eadp nh\u1ee9 thi\u1ebft x\u1ee9, luy\u1ec7n thi\u1ec1n, th\u1eadp t\u1ee9 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea3nh thi\u1ec1n, v\u00f4 tr\u00e1nh tam-mu\u1ed9i, s\u01b0 t\u1eed ph\u1ea5n t\u1ea5n, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tam-mu\u1ed9i, tam minh, l\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng, v.v\u2026<br>&#8211; Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng c\u1eedu ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n, th\u1ee7 l\u0103ng nghi\u00eam c\u00f9ng b\u00e1ch b\u00e1t tam-mu\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng b\u00e1ch nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp tam-mu\u1ed9i, v.v\u2026<br>\u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc trong ba h\u1ecdc, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 4 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, l\u00eca c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, l\u00eca c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb, ly sinh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n, l\u00eca b\u1ecf t\u00e2m h\u1ef7, n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00eca b\u1ecf m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh tri, th\u00e2n th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, \u201cc\u00f3 x\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1c\u201d, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 vui, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t vui lo, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng vui. Nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh \u201cx\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh\u201d, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n.<br>\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n an t\u0129nh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho t\u00e2m t\u0129nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m t\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, khi n\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh; \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u0129nh, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb khu bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o trong t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb khu bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an t\u0129nh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp.<br>Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo t\u00f4ng Duy th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng Du gi\u00e0 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Tam-mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng T\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<br>Ri\u00eang thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f9ng Thi\u1ec1n-na (dhy\u0101na) c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u00fd ch\u1ec9, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc trong ba h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng thi\u1ec1n Ba-la-m\u1eadt trong Ba-la-m\u1eadt, m\u00e0 trong \u00fd ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ba h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c Ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khai ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u1eefa. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba khai minh, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n truy c\u1ea7u ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00ean thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n-na (dhy\u0101na) t\u01b0 duy, t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ngh\u0129a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a s\u1edf y b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1t-ma-\u0111a-la cho r\u1eb1ng, d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n ch\u1ec9 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e0m-sa cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u00e1u Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u00e1u thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tu t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00ean b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, v\u00e0 Ma-ha T\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<br>Y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn th\u00edch 11, Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec l\u1eadp ra 67 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec l\u1eadp ra 500 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1eadp ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba quang \u0111\u1ecbnh, T\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00ec b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp m\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-la-m\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh.<br>Y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd kinh, h\u00e0nh v\u00e3ng sinh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 hai thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1n. Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m; t\u00e1n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf t\u00e0 tu thi\u1ec7n. Hai c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hai thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o tu t\u1eadp theo hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n c\u01a1.<br>Qua nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u01a1 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u00e1ch y\u1ebfu c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. T\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111em ra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng; l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1eadt ra, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a s\u00e1t-na sinh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh ba nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1edfi \u0110\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi nghi\u00eang n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e3n (Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/phatgiao.org.vn\/ba-hoc-gioi--dinh--tue-het-d31771.html#\">Ba h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1edbi &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh &#8211; Tu\u1ec7 (H\u1ebft)<\/a><\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 praj\u00f1\u0101, P\u0101li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 suy l\u00fd, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy l\u00fd ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng&nbsp; tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u1edf, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u00e1p theo C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p theo Duy th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ba h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh x\u01b0a nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean Tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 ba t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1c tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>Tu\u1ec7<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><br><br><\/strong>Theo B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy.&nbsp; H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam Ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh ra m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. Hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3i theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u00ed c\u00f9ng chung danh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ed h\u1eefu vi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 vi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00e2u x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn 26 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7. Lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau, mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh, tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ed bi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng. Lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd nghe ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n tu\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c do nh\u1edd t\u01b0 duy kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 tu\u1ec7, hay do tu t\u1eadp theo ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu tu\u1ec7; ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ba tu\u1ec7 v\u0103n-t\u01b0-tu.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ba lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111em c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung t\u1ee9 tu\u1ec7. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Anh L\u1ea1c B\u1ed3n nghi\u1ec7p kinh quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba tu\u1ec7 v\u0103n-t\u01b0-tu c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng tu\u1ec7 (\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng-v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh), chi\u1ebfu t\u1ecbch tu\u1ec7 (d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a trung \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o) v\u00e0, t\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfu tu\u1ec7 (l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai, \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng). T\u00f9y theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u v\u1ecb Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5, Th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh, Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhau trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u00ec tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tr\u00ed, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, c\u00f2n ch\u00edn tr\u00ed kia nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ed, Lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed, Kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ed, T\u1eadp tr\u00ed, Di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00ed, Tha t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, T\u1eadn tr\u00ed v\u00e0 V\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec, theo C\u00e2u x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn 26,&nbsp; tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1eabn, tr\u00ed. Ki\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c ngh\u0129a so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang sai c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Nh\u1eabn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft t\u00e2m nghi ng\u1edd. C\u0169ng theo lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 42 th\u00ec, tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb V\u0103n th\u00e0nh tu\u1ec7, T\u01b0 th\u00e0nh tu\u1ec7, Tu th\u00e0nh tu\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng Sanh \u0111\u1eafc tu\u1ec7.<br>Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gian ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian, t\u1eeb h\u1eefu l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, v\u00ec th\u1ebf d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ba h\u1ecdc, hay m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, s\u00e1u Ba-la-m\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Tuy v\u1eady, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n Thinh v\u0103n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc B\u00edch-chi Ph\u1eadt (Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c), tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cao t\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f9y theo thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0: Skrt: praj\u00f1\u0101, P\u0101li: pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, tu\u1ec7, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3; Skrt: j\u00f1\u0101na, P\u0101li: \u00f1\u0101\u1e47a, tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, X\u00e0-na; Skrt: vidy\u0101, P\u0101li: vijj\u0101, minh; Skrt: buddhi, gi\u00e1c; Skrt: medha, tu\u1ec7; Skrt: bh\u016bri, qu\u1ea3ng, qu\u1ea3ng tu\u1ec7; Skrt: dar\u015bana, P\u0101li: dassana, Ki\u1ebfn, nai-l\u1ea1i-x\u00e1-na; Skrt: d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di, p\u0101li: di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi, ki\u1ebfn; Skrt: vipa\u015byan\u0101, P\u0101li: vipassan\u0101, qu\u00e1n, t\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na; Skrt: anupa\u015byan\u0101, P\u0101li: anupassan\u0101\u3000t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n; Skrt: parij\u00f1\u0101, P\u0101li: pari\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, bi\u1ebfn tri; Skrt: abhij\u00f1\u0101, P\u0101li: abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ed, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng; Skrt: aj\u00f1\u0101, P\u0101li: a\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, li\u1ec5u tri, d\u0129 tri, a-nh\u00e3; Skrt: sampraj\u0101na, P\u0101li: sampaj\u0101na, ch\u00e1nh tri; Skrt: m\u012bm\u0101\u1e43s\u0101, P\u0101li: v\u012bma\u1e43s\u0101, qu\u00e1n, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t; Skrt: par\u012bk\u1e63\u0101, P\u0101li: parikkh\u0101, quan, quan s\u00e1t; Skrt: pratyavek\u1e63a\u1e47a, P\u0101li: paccavekkha\u1e47a, quan s\u00e1t; Skrt: dharma-vicaya, P\u0101li: dhamma-vicaya, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p; Skrt: pratisa\u1e43vid, P\u0101li: pa\u1e6disambhid\u0101, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc tu ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ra, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n \u0111em ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: Skrt: cak\u1e63u, P\u0101li: cakkhu,\u3000nh\u00e3n; Skrt: \u0101loka, quang minh. V\u00e0, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m qua B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (Bodhi), gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1o, tam-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (sambodhi), ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1eebng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong kinh-lu\u1eadt-lu\u1eadn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 praj\u00f1\u0101 (p\u00f1\u0101na) v\u00e0 j\u00f1\u0101na (\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a), hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch x\u01b0a. Theo c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng th\u00ec praj\u00f1\u0101 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, j\u00f1\u0101na d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tr\u00ed. Tu\u1ec7 trong ba h\u1ecdc, trong s\u00e1u ba-la-m\u1eadt hay trong b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tu\u1ec7 (praj\u00f1\u0101, pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma th\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 li\u1ec7t tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu h\u1eefu l\u1eadu cho \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i cao, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u1eeb Ba-la-m\u1eadt (p\u0101ramit\u0101) v\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i cao, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt. Tr\u00ed (j\u00f1\u0101na, \u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh dung tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 khai ng\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eadn tr\u00ed, v\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00f2n tr\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed, Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ed, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 tr\u00ed, n\u1ebfu c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 tr\u00ed, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ba tr\u00ed l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00f3i chung ch\u1ec9 cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<br>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m 2 lo\u1ea1i: H\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed (vsavikalpa-j\u00f1\u0101na) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed (savikalpa-j\u00f1\u0101na). H\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; c\u00f2n V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao. V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0, trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qua nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c, n\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u0129 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i cao, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ed B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/nguyenlinhchi\/20180903\/phatgiao-org-vn-ba-hoc-gioi-dinh-tue3.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i cao v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh trong ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5 qua l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi. Tuy l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c s\u00e1t c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3o hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 hai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c;&nbsp; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed.<br>Theo L\u1ee5c Ba-la-m\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec n\u0103m Ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (up\u0101ya) ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi; c\u00f2n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, praj\u00f1\u0101) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed. Hay ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5c Ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1i bi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<br>Theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1i lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebft ba, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ba h\u1eefu l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n-t\u01b0-tu l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n-t\u01b0 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7. Theo&nbsp; T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 30, kinh 843, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u ph\u1ea7n (nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u ph\u1ea7n) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: th\u00e2n c\u1eadn thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, nghe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, b\u00ean trong t\u01b0 duy ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, theo Th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ba tu\u1ec7 v\u0103n-t\u01b0-tu th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y t\u1ee9 y (catv\u0101ri pratisara\u1e47\u0101ni): \u201c<em>Y ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t y nh\u01a1n, y ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t y ng\u1eef, y li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t y b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, y tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t y th\u1ee9c<\/em>\u201d, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong vi\u1ec7c tu h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<br>&#8211; M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u1eadn thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean kh\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c do vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n v\u0103n m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn. Thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i kinh qua s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt quanh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u01b0u khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd mang l\u1ea1i qua s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn n\u00e0y. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi tu t\u1eadp n\u00ean y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o v\u1eeba kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 v\u1eeba kh\u1ebf l\u00fd, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta y v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u1ebf c\u01a1, kh\u1ebf l\u00fd v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu t\u1ee5c t\u1eed, hay ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ra l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edn th\u1ecd ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ai cho d\u00f9 mang trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n, \u00e1o vu\u00f4ng, nh\u00e2n danh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, hay t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai; nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng theo, kh\u00f4ng y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o h\u1ecd, hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e0m phu t\u1ee5c t\u1eed!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i y ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t y nh\u01a1n (dharmapratisara\u1e47na bhavitavya\u1e43 na pudgala-pratisra\u1e47ena). Theo kinh 05, ph\u1ea9m Thinh V\u0103n, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m, Gi\u1edbi, \u201cT\u1ef3-kheo n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o t\u1ee5ng kinh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018<em>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p, v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng nghe nhi\u1ec1u<\/em>\u2019 th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng T\u1ef3-kheo kia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfu theo ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m, Gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Kh\u1ebf kinh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, khi \u1ea5y b\u00e8n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m, th\u00ec n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u2018<em>N\u00e0y b\u1ea1n, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh kinh. V\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m<\/em>\u2019. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia: \u2018<em>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai!\u2019 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y<\/em>\u201d.<br>&#8211; M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 theo th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n t\u1ef1, t\u00f9y theo ngh\u0129a l\u00fd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y theo v\u0103n t\u1ef1. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n t\u1ef1, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi v\u0103n qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n t\u1ef1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ch\u00fang r\u1ed3i cho l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 coi tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef \u00e2m m\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o v\u0103n s\u1ebd h\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean sai l\u1ea7m cho b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i y ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t y ng\u1eef (artha-pratisara\u1e47na bhavitavya\u1e43 na vya\u00f1jana-pratisra\u1e47ena).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u0169ng theo kinh 05, ph\u1ea9m Thinh V\u0103n, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m, Gi\u1edbi, \u201c<em>T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o t\u1ee5ng kinh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng Kinh, tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, nghe nhi\u1ec1u<\/em>\u2019. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed T\u1ef3-kheo \u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo kia lu\u1eadn ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a th\u00ec n\u00ean b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia r\u1eb1ng: \u2018<em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c ch\u00e1nh kinh<\/em>\u2019.&nbsp;<em>N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng nh\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ch\u00e1nh kinh. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kinh. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>\u201d.<br>&#8211; Ngh\u0129a l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o lu\u00f4n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u0103n t\u00e1nh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh. Trong ba t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 kinh li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 kinh b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a? V\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u0111i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng trung \u0111\u1ea1o, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh b\u1ea5t y b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh (nit\u0101rtha-s\u016btra-pratisara\u1e47na bhavitavya\u1e43 na ney\u0101rtha-s\u016btra-pratisra\u1e47ena).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u0169ng theo kinh 05, ph\u1ea9m Thinh V\u0103n, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m, Gi\u1edbi, \u201c<em>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018T\u00f4i t\u1ee5ng Kinh, tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, nghe nhi\u1ec1u<\/em>\u2019. N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo kia v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng T\u1ef3-kheo kia ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a, n\u00ean b\u1ea3o T\u1ef3-kheo kia r\u1eb1ng: \u2018<em>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi Nh\u01b0 Lai hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/em>\u2019.&nbsp;<em>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed khi thuy\u1ebft Kh\u1ebf kinh, Lu\u1eadt, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n t\u1eeb, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a. Tuy nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec T\u1ef3-kheo kia n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 khen t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u1edf. L\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111em gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, th\u00ec n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00f5<\/em>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 ba.<br><strong>\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e3n (Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong><br><br>III. Video gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:core-embed\/youtube {\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7UCL5E0NrPU\",\"type\":\"video\",\"providerNameSlug\":\"youtube\",\"className\":\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"GI\u1edaI \u0110\u1ecaNH TU\u1ec6 - CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T M\u1eccI KH\u1ed4 \u0110AU || \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c TH\u00cdCH TR\u00cd HU\u1ec6\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7UCL5E0NrPU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:core-embed\/youtube -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0fd99b8 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0fd99b8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79e2f03\" data-id=\"79e2f03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce19e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce19e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"25185\" class=\"elementor elementor-25185\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5978406c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5978406c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-364371f5\" data-id=\"364371f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62ad3308 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62ad3308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb Online &#8211; Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022 . Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch do T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, s\u00e1ch s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng Internet ( Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Tinh y\u1ebfu &#8211; HT Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c , N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o &#8211; T\u1ef3 kheo H\u1ed9 T\u0103ng, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft phatgiao.org.vn&nbsp; , giacngo.vn , daophatngaynay.com &#8230;) . T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trang webs c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&nbsp; ; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f9a hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o . N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Ba h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1edbi &#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh &#8211; Tu\u1ec7 (P.1) I. D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua Ba h\u1ecdc Gi\u1edbi-\u0110\u1ecbnh-Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,129],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-8762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giao-phap","category-thich-tri-hue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8762"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25744,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8762\/revisions\/25744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8762"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=8762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}