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H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Mah\u0101si sinh n\u0103m 1904 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Seikkhun, b\u1eafc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m l\u00ean 6 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Tu Vi\u1ec7n Pyinmana \u1edf Seikkhun. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00f4ng minh, Ng\u00e0i s\u1edbm ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 12 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi Sa di, ph\u00e1p danh Shin Sobhana (Thi\u1ec7n D\u0169ng). Ph\u00e1p danh n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cung c\u00e1ch cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 19 tu\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu hay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
gia, tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u khi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, tu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 T\u00fac gi\u1edbi (th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia) v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y Sumedha Sayadaw Ashin Nimmala. T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Sobhana v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Mah\u0101si Sayadaw v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0hi\u1ec7u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ng\u00e0y vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef P\u0101li, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u cao nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Trong l\u00fac d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Taungwainggale, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (Mah\u0101satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na Sutta) m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m, Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tri th\u1ee9c sang l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i r\u1eddi tu vi\u1ec7n, \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0i di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t (Vipassan\u0101) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Mingun Jetawan Sayadaw \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. H\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n
Song song v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Vipassan\u0101, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1941, Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 l\u00e0ng Seikkhun c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi t\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Mah\u0101si Monastery, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a thi\u1ec1n Vipassan\u0101. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec1n sinh, t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, Ng\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n Vipassan\u0101.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1949, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng U Nu th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mah\u0101si Sayadaw v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n S\u0101sana Yeiktha \u1edf Yangon \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a thi\u1ec1n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1954, Ng\u00e0i tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong hai n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1956. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cao qu\u00fd l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o (t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\/questioner\/pucchaka) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh (final editor\/osana sodhaka) \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Mah\u0101 Kassapa (Ma-ha Ca-Di\u1ebfp) trong l\u1ea7n K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, ba th\u00e1ng sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, Ng\u00e0i Mah\u0101si \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00edch Lan, \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, Th\u00e1i Lan, Cam B\u1ed1t, L\u00e0o, Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, n\u0103m 1979, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 s\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu, Ng\u00e0i \u0111em theo hai \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u01b0u t\u00fa l\u00e0 H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 U S\u012blananda v\u00e0 Sayadaw Kelatha sang Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Vipassan\u0101 sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng Trung t\u00e2m m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 IMS (Insight Meditation Society) \u1edf Barre, Massachusettes. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 U S\u012blananda \u1edf l\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
Ba n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1982, Ng\u00e0i Mah\u0101si vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i Mah\u0101si \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n