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Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam tinh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam nh\u00ecn ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00f2m sao.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00f4i nh\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u1edf Delhi t\u1ea1i Cung Thi\u00ean V\u0103n Birla. N\u0103m 1970, trong chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge \u1edf Anh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Khoa Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc. Khi v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cambridge kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ao \u01b0\u1edbc th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n quang tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Khoa Thi\u00ean V\u0103n H\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Dharamsala, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n Piet Hut, t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Ti\u00ean Ti\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Princeton, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y khi c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, m\u1ed9t quang c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung cung c\u00e1ch, \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sau v\u1ee5 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xuy\u00ean qua th\u1eddi gian theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc. Sau s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Piet Hut, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1edf. Hai trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1edf, David Finkelstein v\u00e0 George Greenstein, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh \u0111ai tr\u00ean ch\u00fang. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 minh ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y. Sau n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1edf c\u00f9ng tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, m\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tan ho\u1ea1i. Trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft (do Alexander Friedmann) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m chi ti\u1ebft (do Edwin Hubble) \u2013 th\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u00e0 xa th\u00ec l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u00e0 g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 cong v\u00e0 \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sinh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u1edbn \u2013 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, big bang, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra kho\u1ea3ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay tin r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng vi ba n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; n\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang, hay \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c r\u1edf c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a big bang. S\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quang ph\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u1ec1n n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng vi ba n\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n gi\u1eefa hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u1ea3n ra c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang d\u1ea3n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Fred Hoyle. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, th\u00ec l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng vi ba n\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft big bang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n \u1ede T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Bon. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m trong nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb trong h\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed9n, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, v\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Th\u1eafng Lu\u1eadn (Vai\u015be\u1e63ika), thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t; nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Brahman (Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean) hay Ishvara (T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean) nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh; thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt c\u1ef1c \u0111oan Charvaka[1] v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean; v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 sinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c hay l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n Theo nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ban s\u01a1, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eafn b\u1edfi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat m\u0169i t\u00ean ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p, t\u00ean h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eafn t\u00ean; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y da th\u00e2m, n\u00e2u, hay tr\u1eafng tr\u1ebbo; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, hay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; c\u00e2y cung th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00e2y n\u1ecf; d\u00e2y cung l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i, c\u00e2y s\u1eady, c\u00e2y gai d\u1ea7u, s\u1ee3i xo\u1eafn, hay v\u1ecf c\u00e2y; m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 hoang hay g\u1ed7 tr\u1ed3ng; v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n b\u1edfi Long Th\u1ecd, r\u1eb1ng trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng khung tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i) c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean duy\u00ean sanh, th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh).<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ckh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong khi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/span><\/p>\n 1. C\u00f3 ph\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu?<\/span><\/p>\n 2. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi?<\/span><\/p>\n 3. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi?<\/span><\/p>\n 4. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi?<\/span><\/p>\n 5. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u?<\/span><\/p>\n 6. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u?<\/span><\/p>\n 7. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u?<\/span><\/p>\n 8. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u?<\/span><\/p>\n 9. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft?<\/span><\/p>\n 10. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft?<\/span><\/p>\n 11. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ea3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft?<\/span><\/p>\n 12. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft?<\/span><\/p>\n 13. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3?<\/span><\/p>\n 14. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t?<\/span><\/p>\n B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea5y. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf di s\u1ea3n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f3 hai truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ec9 (Theravada), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan, T\u00edch Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Campuchia, v\u00e0 L\u00e0o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nalanda, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quang c\u1ea3nh tri th\u1ee9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Kho T\u00e0ng Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c Cao C\u1ea5p (A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Kalachakra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1nh xe th\u1eddi gian\u201d hay \u201cth\u1eddi lu\u00e2n\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng quy cho gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u0103m th\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u01a1 khai nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Theo s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n t\u1eeb Sanskrit sang T\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11, Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong di s\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00e0o l\u00fac 20 tu\u1ed5i, khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, th\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p c\u00e1c mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng quay qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng chung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, khi t\u00f4i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng xoay chung quanh. Theo thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u201cl\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u2013 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda nam \u2013 n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00fai Tu Di, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn b\u1edfi hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, trong khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1edf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, h\u00f3a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec l\u01a1 l\u1eefng trong kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d gi\u1eef cho n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i trong kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t b\u1edfi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi [b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7] \u1ea5y. Do v\u1eady, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 theo v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd theo ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma.<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ecf cho nghi v\u1ea5n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u201cv\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a\u201d \u2013 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng.\u201d H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng Gendun Chophel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 du h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i kh\u1eafp l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma v\u1ec1 \u201ctr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ba \u201cl\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Linh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean sau khi \u201cnh\u1eefng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 bao quanh n\u00fai Tu Di v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u01a1 l\u1eefng trong kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh tinh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 trong thi\u00ean h\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 v.v\u2026 Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n l\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u1ea3 A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef7 thu\u1eadt trichilicosm hay ba ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng cho kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d hay \u201ck\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t) trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a (1) kh\u00f4ng, (2) th\u00e0nh, (3) tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (4) ho\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u201ctrung v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp [2]\u201d, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trung v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Ki\u1ebfp ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0: n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n Do th\u1ebf, trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t trong s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh lu\u1eadn \u2013 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t big bang hay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u big bang? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1? V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hay v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh? V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, hay s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u00e1i sinh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh li\u1ec7t. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi xa h\u01a1n n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, hay m\u1ed9t big bang, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 th\u00f4i? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i big bang \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u theo v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u2013 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9?<\/span><\/p>\n Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 nghi cao \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 do th\u1ebf \u1edf ngo\u00e0i lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9ng (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb [3] c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cch\u1ee9ng minh\u201d \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u1eafn t\u1eaft, nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau: Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, (a) b\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c, ch\u00fang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1; (b) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ch\u1eadu, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3; v\u00e0 (c) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1edf h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1edbi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u1eadn (l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh [4]-L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a tr\u00ed n\u0103ng). S\u1ef1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i mang n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111eo tay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn, v\u1ed1n gi\u1eef quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean s\u01a1\u201d, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (prakit), v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i (Ishvara), hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh tinh vi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n (c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a). Ng\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, tuy th\u1ebf – trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau c\u00f9ng \u2013 thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u0111ang h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1eb3n c\u00f3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0129nh c\u1eefu v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n sinh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i \u0111ang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9ctr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean). V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n then ch\u1ed1t chi ph\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c hay duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7nv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e1t sinh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 hay c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t hay ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb3n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a) trong xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, thuy\u1ebft big bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1ed1n h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n (c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a) \u0111\u01b0a ra; tuy v\u1eady, trong vai tr\u00f2 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean l\u00fd si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng) big bang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i big bang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft big bang, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e1n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n Theo v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng gian cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng\u201d hay \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian\u201d (vi tr\u1ea7n), v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u201cv\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 vi t\u1ebf. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb n\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trong n\u00f3. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tan r\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh x\u1ea3y ra theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y: kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u1eeda, n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn\u201d hay \u201ct\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cb\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn\u201d, v\u1ed1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hay h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc (\u0111\u1ea5t), ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (n\u01b0\u1edbc), s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng (l\u1eeda), v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed). B\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4 ph\u00f9, t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang tan r\u00e3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian. Kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u1ea1t (particle) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m \u00fd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00fat \u00edt trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y xa h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 theo c\u00e1ch sau: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (th\u00e0nh), ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (tr\u1ee5), sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i (ho\u1ea1i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. Tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cung c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong n\u00f3 \u2013 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh, nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao, ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1eadt \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ngch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc big bang (l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0o) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tan ho\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 sinh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum vacuum). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian (vi tr\u1ea7n).<\/span><\/p>\n Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u2013 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed – kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang tham d\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n hydrogen v\u00e0 helium b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a big bang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1edf. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1edf, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a big bang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang hai khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi nhau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u2013 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 hai l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa. Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn hay s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (t\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau d\u00e2y (superstring theory \u2013 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau huy\u1ec1n[5]) hay thuy\u1ebft M \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n mong c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Do th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm\u201d (ph\u1ea9m A T\u0103ng K\u1ef3) cung \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc trong d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm\u201d, \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, \u201ckh\u00f4ng b\u1edd b\u1ebfn\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 k\u1ec3\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean \u201ckh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201d! M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 1059. Hoa Nghi\u00eam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201ch\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u201cv\u00f4 s\u1ed1\u201d th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm h\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf, trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u thi k\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam so s\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u00e2u hay l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch\u201d, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. \u1ede t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u00fat th\u1eaft tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea, v\u1ed1n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea n\u00e0o \u1edf trung t\u00e2m hay ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 trong n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean pha l\u00ea kh\u00e1c . \u0110\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n tri to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c (omniscient). \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n h\u00e0m \u00fd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3n Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng duy tr\u00ec trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian.\u201d V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, th\u00ec \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t l\u1eeda\u201d t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u201cnhi\u1ec7t\u201d m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a x\u1ed1i x\u1ea3 k\u00e8m theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 5, \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n Cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed5n h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 tri gi\u00e1c \u2013 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u00e0, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 \u0111en, c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t h\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a [t\u00e2m] th\u1ee9c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t ma l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang cho r\u1eb1ng theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 \u00fd s\u1ebd thu ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean trong r\u1eebng v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh l\u00e1 kh\u00f4, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c l\u1eeda ch\u00fang ch\u00e1y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh than v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang ch\u00e1y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00ean d\u1eadp t\u1eaft n\u00f3 \u2013 l\u00e0m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n – \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. T\u00f4i h\u00ecnh dung nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i v\u00e0o trong khung c\u1ea3nh \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m. Khi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ee5y v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng trong n\u00f3. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xen v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y, v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p giao nhau v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong t\u00e2m to\u00e0n tri to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i h\u00f2a hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u2013 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh trong n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0y ra. Nh\u1eefng kinh lu\u1eadn ban s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 [t\u00e2m] th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kia li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m cho sinh kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u2013 cho c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 [t\u00e2m] th\u1ee9c \u2013 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u201c4 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd\u201d: nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ed3i th\u00ec l\u00e0, C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y (v\u1ed1n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o) t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p, hay ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec c\u0169ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 trong \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3? N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng (theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt) ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00ecnh dung th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 qua n\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t? Tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, lu\u1eadn A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng trong n\u00f3, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c trong h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Th\u1eadt s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m tra c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u1ea5t: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc big bang? Big bang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o? Th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3? T\u1ea1i sao h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng? M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, hay h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n hay l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. V\u00e0 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ec9, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi big bang v\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: The Big Bang and The Buddhist Beginningless Universe<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef: Tu\u1ec7 Uy\u1ec3n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n _______________________<\/span> [1] Charvaka: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc duy v\u1eadt kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/p>\n [2] A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i, trung v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp; hay \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp, trung ki\u1ebfp, ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp: Ti\u1ec3u-ki\u1ebfp, trung-ki\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp: C\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp-t\u0103ng, ki\u1ebfp-gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u-ki\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u-ki\u1ebfp c\u00f3 16.678.000 n\u0103m. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ti\u1ec3u-ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung-ki\u1ebfp. Trung-ki\u1ebfp c\u00f3 333.560.000 n\u0103m. B\u1ed1n trung-ki\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp. \u0110\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp c\u00f3 1.334.240.000 n\u0103m. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp c\u00f3 80 ti\u1ec3u-ki\u1ebfp. B\u1ed1n trung-ki\u1ebfp trong \u0111\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0: trung-ki\u1ebfp-th\u00e0nh, trung-ki\u1ebfp-tr\u1ee5, trung-ki\u1ebfp-ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trung-ki\u1ebfp-kh\u00f4ng. Tam-thi\u00ean-th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi sanh di\u1ec7t theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i-ki\u1ebfp. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, xin k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC TINH Y\u1ebeU ( HT TH\u00cdCH THI\u1ec0N T\u00c2M)<\/span><\/p>\n [3] Exposition of Valid Cognition: Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c C\u00f3 Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb\/ L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadn, theo L\u00e0ng \u0110\u1eadu<\/span><\/p>\n [4] Argument from design\/ intelligent design argument\/ Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, hay v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a tr\u00ed n\u0103ng.\/ Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u1eadn, theo L\u00e0ng \u0110\u1eadu<\/span><\/p>\n [5] thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau d\u00e2y (superstring theory \u2013 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau huy\u1ec1n) l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2y (string theory \u2013 thuy\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n)<\/span><\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n