HT. Th\u00edch H\u1ea3i \u1ea4n<\/span><\/p>\nN\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n “H\u00f2a quang \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n gian, \u201cs\u1ed1ng trong l\u00f2ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m\u201d, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1258-1308) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, m\u1edf ra trang s\u1eed huy ho\u00e0ng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Thu\u1eadn, Khu\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t, V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, M\u00e3n Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng L\u1ed9\u2026 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed K\u00fd To\u00e0n Th\u01b0, n\u0103m 1055, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t, vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quan r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u1eabm \u1edf trong cung n\u00e0o l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi, ng\u1ef1 b\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u00e9t th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi giam trong ng\u1ee5c, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ngay gian, m\u00e0 \u0103n kh\u00f4ng no b\u1ee5ng, \u00e1o kh\u00f4ng k\u00edn m\u00ecnh, gi\u00f3 r\u00e9t kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, tr\u1eabm r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. V\u1eady h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho h\u1eefu ty ph\u00e1t ch\u0103n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho \u0103n hai b\u1eefa c\u01a1m<\/i><\/b>.\u201d N\u0103m 1065, vua l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho quan cai ng\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa y\u00eau d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 con. D\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p, ta r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tha th\u1ee9<\/i><\/b>.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn vua L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng cho gi\u1ebft tr\u00e2u v\u00ec s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e2u c\u00e0y. Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu \u1ef6 Lan l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kho chu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 con g\u00e1i v\u00ec ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i \u0111em th\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf n\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng, s\u1ee3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n\u2026<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed K\u00fd To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u1eddi L\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 b\u00ecnh Chi\u00eam, ph\u1ea1t T\u1ed1ng \u2013 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
Trong s\u00e1ch L\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1eddi L\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.\u201d \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi L\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u1eddi L\u00fd t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ebf L\u00fd l\u1eadp Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb1m th\u1eafm, h\u1ee3p \u00fd d\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n, n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n hay b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n N\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn theo tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng \u01b0a l\u00e0m vua m\u00e0 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vua khi m\u1edbi 8 tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng vua h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 nh\u01b0: Ph\u00f9 V\u00e2n, \u1ee8ng Thu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u0103ng, n\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u tinh th\u00f4ng, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc[2] m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 vua Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4n 30 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng Ch\u1ec9 Nam; L\u1ee5c Th\u1eddi S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i Khoa Nghi; Kho\u00e1 H\u01b0 L\u1ee5c; Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 40 tu\u1ed5i vua nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con, l\u00e0m vua 32 n\u0103m, Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng 20 n\u0103m v\u00e0 tu h\u1ecdc theo Ph\u1eadt \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bi\u1ebfn n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m linh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, vua \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Trung Hoa. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3, Y\u00ean T\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, vua Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129 l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 tu t\u1ea1i gia, k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy tu h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi xa c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, vua tu Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, v\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tu h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ea5n, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hai l\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quan Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 t\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p vai tr\u00f2 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng l\u1eef.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, tinh th\u1ea7n “h\u00f2a quang \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn 16 tu\u1ed5i, vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tam gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, l\u1ecbch s\u1ed1, binh ph\u00e1p, y thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft (Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129.<\/p>\n
Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1278) vua ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hai vi\u1ec7c: 1) Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3-ni-\u0111a-l\u01b0u-chi, L\u00e2m T\u1ebf, V\u00f4 ng\u00f4n Th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ea3o \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Y\u00ean T\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o T\u0103ng Ni Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, vua \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Trung Hoa th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi L\u00fd, vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb bi, c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed9 sinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1nh tan ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a vua c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t cho qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham, s\u00e2n, si \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft nh\u01a1n qu\u1ea3, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, t\u00e1i sinh, tu s\u1eeda theo 10 thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00eau cao l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh\u2026 S\u1ea1ch gi\u1edbi l\u00f2ng, d\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i n\u00ean B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t trang nghi\u00eam; Ngay th\u1edd vua, th\u1ea3o th\u1edd cha, th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu trung hi\u1ebfu. (C\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u00fa)\u201d<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt – Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u khuy\u00ean \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u1ea5y th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1edd v\u1eady n\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ch\u0103ng\u2026? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/b><\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129: \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o xa l\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i s\u01a1n l\u00e2m c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i tu Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb 29 n\u0103m. Sau khi tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i quy y cho hai v\u1ecb vua c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn l\u00e0 K\u00f4-sa-la v\u00e0 Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua c\u1ee7a 14 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m c\u00f3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u00ec tranh gi\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi ru\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Rohini.<\/p>\n
Khi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed k\u00e9o nhau \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, xin Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1eddi hai v\u1ecb vua c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Hai v\u1ecb vua t\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd: B\u00e2y gi\u1edd hai vua th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Rohini qu\u00fd hay m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd ? C\u1ea3 hai vua \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ecf c\u00e1i qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00fd l\u00e0 d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, hai b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chia n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ng\u0103n s\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e0 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13-14 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t. Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o hay Nho gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Trung Hoa, n\u1ebfu vua ch\u1ecdn th\u00ec l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tuy c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, bi\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u2013 v\u1ecb tha th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, l\u1ea5y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb bi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
Ai ai c\u0169ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u00e0, th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec1n, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng .v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00fap cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng giao h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc, quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Ai Lao. Vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110inh, L\u00ea v\u00e0 L\u00fd th\u00ec vua r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao T\u0103ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a ngay trong n\u1ed9i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho S\u01b0 t\u0103ng lui t\u1edbi gi\u00fap vua tu h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1\u2026<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tinh th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ecfi th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tu th\u00e2n r\u00e8n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng lo ph\u00e1t huy Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Tam Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ed3ng Nguy\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u1eed t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, Nho h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c ra gi\u00fap d\u00e2n gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Trong Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3i k\u1ebb s\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoang dung, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, ho\u00e0 v\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p, cho n\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, anh h\u00e0o tu\u1ea5n v\u0129 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0u t\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m cho quang vinh c\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi, h\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eddi sau s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cMu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m (Trung B\u1ed9 kinh).\u201d<\/p>\n
Tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khoang dung, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: B\u1ee5t kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ngay \u1edf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u201ct\u00edch nh\u00e2n ngh\u00ec, tu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ai hay n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng Th\u00edch Ca.\u201d, l\u00e0m theo 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, ai b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca. Trong C\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u00fa, vua vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n
\u201cM\u00ecnh ng\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, n\u1ebft d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n l\u00e2m,<\/i>
mu\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eb7ng an nh\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh\u2026<\/i>
D\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u00e2n ng\u00e3, th\u00ec ra t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eadt Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng;<\/i>
d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft tham s\u00e2n, m\u1edbi l\u1ea3u l\u00f2ng m\u00e0u vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c.<\/i>
T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, <\/i>
Ch\u1edb c\u00f2n ng\u1edd h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 ;<\/i>
V\u1eady m\u1edbi hay! B\u1ee5t \u1edf trong nh\u00e0; ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm xa.<\/i>
Nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n (qu\u00ean g\u1ed1c) n\u00ean ta t\u00ecm B\u1ee5t,<\/i>
\u0110\u1ebfn c\u1ed1c hay ch\u1ec9n (ch\u00ednh) B\u1ee5t l\u00e0 ta\u2026 <\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch n\u00e3o phi\u1ec1n, nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. S\u1ed1ng ngay n\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i vui c\u1ee7a B\u1ee5t, t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 an nh\u00e0n, c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh (mu\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eb7ng) ngay gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed1i ren n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec1n – T\u1ecbnh – M\u1eadt th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00fac \u0111ang l\u00e0m vua ho\u1eb7c sau khi \u0111i tu, vua v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xao l\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, lo cho d\u00e2n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi gi\u1edd ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf quan d\u00e2m, quan tham khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch, l\u1ea7m than c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5, \u0111em 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0y cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m theo, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 vua Anh T\u00f4ng, con c\u1ee7a vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m l\u1ee1 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u qu\u00e1 ch\u00e9n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb vua tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua \u0111ang t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 ch\u00e9n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, ng\u1ee7 qua \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai th\u00ec m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e2u? Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vua l\u00e0 cha c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, cha say th\u00ec con c\u0169ng say, quan say th\u00ec d\u00e2n c\u0169ng say, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn say th\u00ec con n\u00edt c\u0169ng say, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u say l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i vua quan say tr\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ea5t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf th\u00ec s\u00e1ch s\u1eed ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec ?<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 vua m\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean \u00e1n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e0ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh coi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n \u0111en th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, n\u1ebfu xem th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb th\u00ec l\u00e0n g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c To\u1ea3n b\u00f3p n\u00e1t qu\u1ea3 cam \u0111\u1ec3 xin vua can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i x\u00e2m l\u0103ng ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd c\u00f5i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n an l\u1ea1c, vui h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh. \u1ea4y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y hay sao\u2026!<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ba c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c. Mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 tam gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u1edfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! <\/p>\n
Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1258-1308) l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 3 tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, hai l\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 35 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u0103m 41 tu\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Hoa Hi\u00ean-Y\u00ean T\u1eed (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh), l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e0, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai sinh ra thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m \u2013 Y\u00ean T\u1eed. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\nTr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n “h\u00f2a quang \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n\u201d (s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00f2ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\nNh\u00e2n k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, (1\/11\/1308-1\/11\/2008) Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ban T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a – Th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 Du l\u1ecbch, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, UBND t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng NInh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 700 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c vua – Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25-27\/11\/2008 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\nT\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\nGhi ch\u00fa: <\/i>
[1]. Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129 H\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea1ng. <\/i>
[2]. B\u00e0i t\u1ef1a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng Ch\u1ec9 Nam ghi l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ph\u00f9 V\u00e2n d\u1ea1y l\u00fac vua b\u1ecf tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh \u0111i tu: \u201c\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m vua th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u00fd th\u00edch ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nay d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n vua v\u1ec1 th\u00ec vua kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?…\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n
HT. Th\u00edch H\u1ea3i \u1ea4n – Ph\u00f3 ban TT Ban V\u0103n h\u00f3a GHPGVN<\/i>
(tuanvietnam.net)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Ngu\u1ed3n : Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[ad_1] VUA TR\u1ea6N NH\u00c2N T\u00d4NG V\u00c0 TINH TH\u1ea6N “B\u1ee4T \u1ede TRONG NH\u00c0” HT. Th\u00edch H\u1ea3i \u1ea4n N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n “H\u00f2a quang \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-9245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-danh-tang-cu-si"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9245\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9245"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=9245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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