{"id":9325,"date":"2020-12-30T02:00:16","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T19:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=9325"},"modified":"2020-12-30T02:30:14","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T19:30:14","slug":"sach-cu-si-gioi-phap-ty-kheo-giac-gioi-bodhisila-bhikkhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/12\/30\/sach-cu-si-gioi-phap-ty-kheo-giac-gioi-bodhisila-bhikkhu\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e1ch c\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p -T\u1ef3 kheo Gi\u00e1c Gi\u1edbi (Bodhis\u012bla Bhikkhu)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm\u0101sam-buddhassa.
K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, \u01afng C\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG I – C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

I.1. T\u1ee8 CH\u00daNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang (paris\u0101) l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo (bhikkhu), h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo ni (bhikkhun\u012b), h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 (up\u0101saka), h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 (up\u0101sik\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nam tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Sa di (s\u0101manera), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. Sa di l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1ecb sa di tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi. Sa di b\u00ean T\u0103ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1eef tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 sa di ni v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u1eef (s\u0101ma\u1e47er\u012b, sikkh\u0101m\u0101n\u0101). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp ni ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i qua hai n\u0103m th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc n\u1eef m\u1edbi l\u00e0m sa di ni, th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi sa di ni qua hai n\u0103m v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed \u1edf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o, s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u1edf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00e0nh ni ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o, s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo ni, l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.2. \u00dd NGH\u0128A U-B\u00c0-T\u1eaeC V\u00c0 U-B\u00c0-DI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia (gaha\u1e6d\u1e6dha) hay c\u01b0 s\u0129 (gihi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc v\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-di. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Up\u0101saka v\u00e0 Up\u0101sik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Up\u0101saka (\u00e2m l\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1”, danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 “Thi\u1ec7n nam”, nh\u01b0ng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Up\u0101saka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Up\u0101sik\u0101 (\u00e2m l\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-di), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1. Ti\u1ebfng Up\u0101sik\u0101 v\u00e0 Up\u0101saka \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb “Upa + \u0101s”. Danh t\u1eeb Up\u0101sik\u0101 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 “T\u00edn n\u1eef”, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Up\u0101sik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai danh t\u1eeb c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng up\u0101saka v\u00e0 up\u0101sik\u0101 (U-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc, U-b\u00e0-di) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi Thi\u1ec7n nam v\u00e0 T\u00edn n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n nam; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edn n\u1eef. Th\u1eadt ra quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao t\u1ea1o thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u1eabn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u1eady. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt-Ph\u00e1p-T\u0103ng, tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Tam b\u1ea3o, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.3. NH\u1eeeNG C\u01af S\u0128 \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qui y nh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhallika<\/em><\/strong> – V\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y sau khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y R\u0101j\u0101yatana. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia t\u00ean Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhallika tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea, t\u1eeb Ukkhala \u0111i ngang qua ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1, khi \u1ea5y hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u01a1i, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u1eeba gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y R\u0101j\u0101yatana; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong. S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o, hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia n\u00e0y l\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ed9i d\u1eebng xe, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong, r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0n c\u00e2y R\u0101j\u0101yatana. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u01a1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con, b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng tay, v\u1eady ta n\u00ean th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i chi \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n ra mang b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1nh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, xong ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhallika \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 xin qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u00fang con xin qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 qui y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Xin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thu nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang con l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 qui y Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 qui y nh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o (Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qui y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa<\/em><\/strong> – Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n Isipatana g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101\u1e47as\u012b, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m t\u1ef3 kheo Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a (Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101\u1e47as\u012b (Ba-la-n\u1ea1i) c\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa h\u1ed9, l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e1n m\u00f9i t\u1ee5c l\u1ee5y, v\u00ec \u0111\u00eam khuya ch\u1ee3t th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4 h\u1ea7u ng\u1ee7 say tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4 l\u1ed9 ra t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00ea ch\u1ec1 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba tha ma. C\u00f4ng t\u1eed ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam thanh v\u1eafng, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 khu r\u1eebng Isipatana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eeba \u0111i, c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba th\u1ed1t: “\u00d4i! \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt, qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i’. Ch\u00e0ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn ven r\u1eebng th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00e0ng. Khi nghe l\u1eddi than th\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u1ebd b\u1ea3o: “H\u1ee1i Yasa, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i Yasa! h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, ta s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i nghe”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, ch\u00e0ng b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7. Ch\u00e0ng li\u1ec1n c\u1edfi \u0111\u00f4i hia v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho c\u00f4ng t\u1eed nghe, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u1ecb v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Yasa \u0111i t\u00ecm con. \u00d4ng \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 khu r\u1eebng Isipa-tana. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n c\u00e2y trong khu r\u1eebng \u1ea5y. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa, n\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi th\u0103m Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhin th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng ta h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u1ea5y. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 nghe l\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng nghe, v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, khai th\u1ecb ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n cho \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn ngay khi \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 xin qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u! B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00fap, hay nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf ra v\u1eadt b\u1ecb g\u00f3i k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebb l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho k\u1ebb c\u00f3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc; c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, con xin qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, qui y Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, qui y T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; mong \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn con l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u00e3 qui y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng chung”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o (Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o – Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o – T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa –<\/em><\/strong>Trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea9m nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i thu h\u1ed3i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t vui v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o con trai h\u00e3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 an l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng: Yasa, con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf lui l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa. Nghe v\u1eady \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t vui l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y mai, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ra v\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p Yasa th\u1ecd ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch “Ehi bhikkhu” (Thi\u1ec7n lai t\u1ef3 kheo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f9ng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Yasa l\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, cha c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Yasa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Yasa \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ch\u01a1n l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y nghe. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n ly tr\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u1ea5u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, xin qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u! B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00fap, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf ra v\u1eadt b\u1ecb g\u00f3i k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebb l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, hay nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho k\u1ebb c\u00f3 m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc; c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u00fang con xin qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, qui y Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, qui y T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, mong \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang con l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 qui y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng chung” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.4. NH\u1eeeNG C\u01af S\u0128 C\u00d3 C\u00d4NG H\u1ea0NH L\u1edaN<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vua Bimbis\u0101ra (B\u00ecnh Sa V\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/em><\/strong> – Khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta tho\u00e1t ly \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u01a1n l\u00fd, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Gotama (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh g\u1ecdi th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta, khi Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129) ch\u01b0a kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, Ng\u00e0i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1) c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Magadha (Ma ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e0). Khi \u1ea5y vua Bimbis\u0101ra \u0111ang tr\u1ecb v\u00ec x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u0111\u1ee9c vua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111ang \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb uy nghi\u00eam khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i sang tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m k\u00edch n\u00ean sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i th\u0103m d\u00f2. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Gotama, nh\u00e0 vua b\u00e8n kh\u1edfi gi\u00e1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 h\u1ecfi th\u0103m Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ai? sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o? \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Gotama tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u00e0 vua v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u00e0 vua c\u00e0ng n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i sau khi th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Magadha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00fang theo l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, sau khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed A la h\u00e1n t\u1eeb G\u0101y\u0101 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u0101jagaha. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n Suppatittha, trong khu r\u1eebng k\u00e8 (La\u1e6d\u1e6dhivana).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn tai vua Bimbis\u0101ra v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u00e8n d\u1eabn theo \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1 ch\u00e0o, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103m h\u1ecfi x\u00e3 giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o\u00e0n T\u0103ng s\u0129 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 th\u1edd l\u1eeda do T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Uruvelakassapa (Ca-Di\u1ebfp) l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fac \u1ea5y h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a vua c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp, ai l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y, ai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd l\u1eeda n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp hi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, li\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an vui gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1edd l\u1eeda v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch. N\u00f3i xong T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con, con l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghe v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u1ef7, d\u1ee9t nghi nan. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd nghe tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n hoan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c vua v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xin qui y Tam b\u1ea3o, th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam. Sau \u0111\u00f3, vua Bimbis\u0101ra cung th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0o ho\u00e0ng cung th\u1ecd trai ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f4m sau, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng cung th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c. Khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng xong, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi xin hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u00f4i tu vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng xa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ban ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, ban \u0111\u00eam y\u00ean t\u0129nh, kho\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, n\u01a1i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecbnh”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Bimbis\u0101ra ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn khu Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m (Veluvana) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u00f4i tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn ch\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Veluvan\u0101r\u0101ma (Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m T\u1ef1), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o do \u0111\u1ee9c vua Bimbis\u0101ra hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 Tam b\u1ea3o t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c)<\/em><\/strong> – T\u1ea1i kinh th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatthi (X\u00e1-v\u1ec7) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa t\u00ean Sudatta t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ef9 danh An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean k\u1ef3 ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u1eeb S\u0101vatth\u012b \u0111\u1ebfn R\u0101jagaha vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh v\u1ee3, th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7c m\u1eebng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cung nghinh \u0111\u1ee9c vua ng\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. Khi h\u1ecfi ra m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh thi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 trai \u0111\u00e0n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai. Tho\u1ea1t nghe danh t\u1eeb “Buddha” (v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt), \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika r\u1ed9n l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft tha mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee3p m\u1eaft, l\u00f2ng c\u1ee9 nao nao ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i trong \u0111\u00eam v\u1eafng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 S\u012btavana, khu r\u1eebng n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 xoa t\u00ean Sivakha \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c thu ng\u1eafn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u00f4ng toan th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i th\u00ec d\u1ea1 xoa \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, tr\u1ea5n an \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng S\u012btavana, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi t\u00ean t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Sudatta, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng nghe. Sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn), \u00f4ng xin qui y Tam b\u1ea3o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 kinh th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng: ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch \u1edf n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d4ng t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 S\u0101vatth\u012b v\u1ed9i v\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u0101vatth\u012b, \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed Jeta, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1ea5y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 “L\u00e1t n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean (Jetavana), \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra 18 ko\u1e6di ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng (1 ko\u1e6di l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u) \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 b\u1ecf ra 18 ko\u1e6di ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 danh ti\u1ebfng Jetavanamah\u0101vih\u0101ra. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 an c\u01b0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i A\u1e45guttaranik\u0101ya v\u00e0 Dhammapada ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y 500 v\u1ecb; trong nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 500 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch T\u0103ng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kip th\u1eddi gian \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, gh\u00e9 qua nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd trai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c c\u0169ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ph\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1 \u1edf b\u1ed1n c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 dung th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, ba g\u00e1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0 Mah\u0101subhadd\u0101, C\u016blasubhadd\u0101, v\u00e0 Sum\u0101n\u0101, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trai l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la. Ba n\u00e0ng ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cha trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 cha m\u00ecnh, ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng Sum\u0101n\u0101 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00eau l\u1ed5ng, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ti\u00eau x\u00e0i \u0103n ch\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. V\u1ec1 sau, l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha cho ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea c\u1eadu ta \u0111i nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c, v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la, bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed t\u1ec7 b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1edd nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3, n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i t\u00e0 qui ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i t\u00edn n\u1eef Vis\u0101kh\u0101 <\/em><\/strong>– M\u1ed9t n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho h\u00e0ng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng thi\u1ec7n nam \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c), th\u00ec trong h\u00e0ng t\u00edn n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vai v\u1ebf v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1edfi em g\u00e1i \u00fat c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 con d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u00e0ng t\u00edn n\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, trong h\u00e0ng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef (D\u0101yik\u0101na\u1e43 agg\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Dhana\u00f1jaya, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa Me\u1e47\u1e0daka \u1edf th\u00e0nh Bhaddiya x\u1ee9 A\u1e45ga. Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Bhaddiya x\u1ee9 A\u1e45ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn Bhaddiya c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Nghe ph\u00e1p xong Vis\u0101kh\u0101 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 theo cha di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf S\u0101keta m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c Kosala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i. Trong s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thanh xu\u00e2n d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi lu\u1ed1ng tu\u1ed5i. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u0103m v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng tha th\u01b0\u1edbt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nam nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00f4n \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i trong th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ni- Ki\u1ec1n-T\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. Cha ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Vis\u0101-kh\u0101, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Mig\u0101ra, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00fac tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o trong, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u v\u00f4 ph\u00e9p. B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng cha ch\u1ed3ng \u0111u\u1ed1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn l\u00e0m vui. Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xin ph\u00e9p cha ch\u1ed3ng cho b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do sinh ho\u1ea1t theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Mig\u0101ra ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p sau b\u1eefa \u0103n. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Mig\u0101ra ng\u1ed3i sau b\u1ee9c r\u00e8m nghe tr\u1ed9m, nghe xong th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn. \u00d4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tri \u00e2n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u qu\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00f4ng v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y \u00f4ng xem n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u Vis\u0101kh\u0101 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mig\u0101ra, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 Mig\u0101ram\u0101tu (m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Mig\u0101ra) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo hai ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn, s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 500 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a nghe ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i quanh ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng chi, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang t\u00edn c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m lo l\u1eafng an nguy c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt t\u0103ng gi\u00e0, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t, nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u1eabu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kum\u0101rakassapa ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho b\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ea1i S\u0101vatth\u012b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- D\u00e2ng y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi b\u00e0.
2- C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch T\u0103ng v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn.
3- C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng s\u1eafp r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi.
4- D\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u0103ng \u0111au b\u1ec7nh.
5- D\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u0103ng nu\u00f4i b\u1ec7nh.
6- D\u00e2ng thu\u1ed1c men \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb T\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.
7- D\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.
8- D\u00e2ng y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho b\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9a b\u00e0 c\u1edfi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00ednh ng\u1ecdc qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef v\u00ec b\u00e0 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c sang tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd. Sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p ra v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u00f9a, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eb7t c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 hay r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3 trong ch\u00f9a th\u00ec b\u00e0 sai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef. B\u00e0 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1ecf \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1n chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u1edf c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatthi. B\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n mua l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pubb\u0101r\u0101ma (\u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1) c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn 120 tu\u1ed5i. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con ch\u00e1u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00fac l\u1ed9c th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng y J\u012bvaka<\/em><\/strong> – M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, gi\u00e0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng J\u012bvaka c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 J\u012bvakakom\u0101rabhacca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u012bvaka l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng S\u0101lavat\u012b, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u1eef trong th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha. Khi m\u1edbi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Abhaya con vua Bimbis\u0101ra, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111i ngang qua ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean mang v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i. V\u00ec h\u00e0i nhi “C\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng” n\u00ean ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “J\u012bvaka”, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Kom\u0101rabhacca”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1edbn l\u00ean \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 y v\u1edbi v\u1ecb danh y Takkasil\u0101 h\u1ebft b\u1ea3y n\u0103m, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. S\u00e1ch ghi r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u kinh ni\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Bimbis\u0101ra c\u1eed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Ujjeni \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho vua Candappajjota, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng y J\u012bvaka c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi vua Bimbis\u0101ra b\u0103ng h\u00e0, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Aj\u0101tasattu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn d\u1eabn vua Aj\u0101tasattu \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng xo\u00e0i Ambavana \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp c\u1ea3i h\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c gi\u1ebft cha so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i, quay \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n trong Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 vua Aj\u0101tasattu b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch ba th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng J\u012bvaka \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ve\u1e37uvana (Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m) qu\u00e1 xa \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho Ng\u00e0i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m lo ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho T\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xao l\u00e3ng v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn danh y J\u012bvaka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt thu nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0o T\u0103ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng y J\u012bvaka \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh (Vin.I.71).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng theo l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111i b\u1ed9, qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0 v.v… \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (Vin.II.119).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng J\u012bvaka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (agga\u1e43 puggalappasann\u0101na\u1e43) (A.I.26).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi Kosala (Ba-T\u01b0-N\u1eb7c)<\/em><\/strong> – M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u1edf S\u0101vatth\u012b (X\u00e1 v\u1ec7) c\u00f3 hai ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m l\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Jetavanavih\u0101ra, s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Pubb\u0101r\u0101ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua x\u1ee9 Kosala (Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e1t La) kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b (X\u00e1 V\u1ec7), s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a vua Mah\u0101kosala, t\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Takkasil\u0101, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Licchav\u012b Mahali v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed d\u00f2ng Malla l\u00e0 Malla Bandhula – sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vua Pasenadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb Takkasil\u0101 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Kosala, ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i vua l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, vua Pasenadi \u0111em h\u1ebft t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 vua th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bang giao t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n giao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u00edn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1ea1ng chung, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 nh\u01b0 vua Bimbis\u0101ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 vua h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Trong kinh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n vua \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00fap m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 vua Pasenadi c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m di\u1ec5n ra th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn. Trong Sa\u1e43-yuttanik\u0101ya ph\u1ea9m T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng Kosala, \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m 25 giai tho\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i giai tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c do vua Pasenadi n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng cho vua Pasenadi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thanh danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0ng Sundar\u012bnand\u0101 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c can thi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00fat m\u1eafc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u1eabu th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i Kum\u0101rakassapa, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ef3 kheo Ko\u1e47\u1e0dadh\u0101na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm gi\u1ee1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a vua Pasenadi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ho\u00e0ng cung vua nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng ra d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Aciravat\u012b, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vua \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo t\u1eafm gi\u1ee1n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o b\u1ea1ch tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ee1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 kheo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng vua Pase-nadi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 vua v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00e1i m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khoan dung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai l\u1ea7m, su\u00fdt g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh vua Pasenadi cho x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o. May nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101 c\u1ee7a vua can ng\u0103n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c vua h\u00e3y \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c vua v\u00ec luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi ng\u00e0i c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i trong kinh th\u00e0nh. Khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i v\u00e0o ban chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hoa s\u00fang qu\u00ed hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1ed3ng hoa s\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch xa kinh th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m do tu\u1ea7n, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh vua phong t\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a Jetavana. Nh\u00e0 vua su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng an gi\u1ea5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00e1i \u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u00e1ng d\u1eady, vua ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Jetavana vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i h\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghe c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi v\u00ec \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vua \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y cho vua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c. Vua Pasenadi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a. Vua c\u00e0ng k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft cho nghe r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p. Trong Sa\u1e43yuttanik\u0101ya, ph\u1ea9m Kosalavagga ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101, vua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1eadt long tr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi 500 con voi c\u1ea7m l\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; \u0111\u1ee9c vua tranh \u0111ua v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 v\u00f4 song th\u00ed”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Ju\u1e47ha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7 trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vua b\u00e8n ban th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdng h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Ju\u1e47ha l\u00e0m vua b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y t\u00f9y th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n K\u0101\u1e37a, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, n\u00ean vua \u0111\u00e3 tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kosala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i J\u0101taka th\u00ec vua Pasenadi c\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f9a Jetavana \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 R\u0101ja-gah\u0101r\u0101ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi b\u0103ng h\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, th\u1ecd 80 tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vua Asoka (A-D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/em><\/strong> – M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 sau th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00edp b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a vua Bimbis\u0101ra x\u1ee9 Campala. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em ru\u1ed9t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 Vitasoka. V\u1ec1 sau ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 Vitasoka xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua cha y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, tay ch\u00e2n th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch nh\u00e1m nh\u00faa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c – anh em m\u1ed9t cha kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c do c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. Vua cha, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka n\u00ean lu\u00f4n ban l\u1ec7nh cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111i chinh ph\u1ea1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, binh m\u00e3 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nhu t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng do t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111em chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua cha c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con kh\u00e1c, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 vua cha r\u1ea5t y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4ng cung Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Susima. Nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Susima t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u00e0 hung d\u1eef n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n v\u00f5 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1edd d\u1ecbp s\u1ebd l\u1eadp ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka l\u00ean ng\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0y kia x\u1ee9 Takkasil\u0101 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, vua Bindus\u0101ra sai \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susima mang \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Hay tin ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh, vua cha th\u1ecd b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka \u0111em binh ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t chinh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y vua Bin-dus\u0101ra b\u1ec7nh c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, b\u00e8n v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u t\u00e2u vua xin nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 an b\u00e0y t\u00f4n ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, d\u00f9 vua cha kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Vua Bindus\u0101ra qu\u00e1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn th\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u0103ng h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay tin \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susima t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c k\u00e9o binh v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh P\u0101taliputta \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i vua. Vua Asoka l\u1eadp k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gai Susima, vua Asoka b\u00e8n b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng quan th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh v\u00ec th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 vua l\u1ea1i cho l\u1eadp ra c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c B\u1ed3ng Lai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y th\u1eadt h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c B\u1ed3ng lai ti\u00ean c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1eadt d\u00e3 man.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vua Asoka l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5t binh chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c kinh ho\u00e0ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t \u1ea5y, th\u00ea th\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Kali\u1e45ga, m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n qu\u00e2n s\u0129 b\u1ecb t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m mu\u00f4n qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh \u0111em l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, th\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u00fai, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hung b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta th\u00e1n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 Ca\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101soka (\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Asoka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Samudda v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh P\u0101taliputta \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111i ngang qua ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c b\u1ed3ng lai, v\u00ec m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t. B\u1ecdn cai ng\u1ee5c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef t\u1ef3 kheo Samudda v\u00e0 giam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i lao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef3 kheo Samudda \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, tinh t\u1ea5n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, b\u1ecdn cai ng\u1ee5c d\u1eabn Ng\u00e0i ra h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, b\u1ecf v\u00e0o ch\u1ea3o d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda. Ng\u00e0i Samud-da ng\u1ed3i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean trong ch\u1ea3o d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea5n g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tin l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u1ea5y, v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i Samudda bay l\u00ean ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung. \u0110\u1ee9c vua sanh t\u00e2m kinh s\u1ee3 li\u1ec1n ch\u1eafp tay \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Samudda v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Samudda gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Samudda b\u00e8n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho nh\u00e0 vua nghe, v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y b\u1ecf d\u1eef v\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh, m\u1edf l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc cho nh\u00e0 vua bi\u1ebft l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 200 n\u0103m, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 vua s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cao qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o, b\u00e8n qu\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. Nay tr\u1eabm xin th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n. Tr\u1eabm xin qui y Ph\u1eadt – Ph\u00e1p – T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Samudda ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: “S\u0101dhu! S\u0101dhu! L\u00e0nh thay! L\u00e0nh thay! r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Asoka li\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c b\u1ed3ng lai \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 vua t\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y vua thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoan h\u1ed3ng, b\u00e8n t\u1eb7ng cho vua m\u1ef9 danh l\u00e0 Dhamm\u0101soka (Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng Asoka hay Minh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Asoka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111em ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vua Asoka n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u1ea1nh tr\u1ecb, h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u. N\u00ean sau khi qui y theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee9c vua t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha th\u1ec9nh tr\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an v\u1ecb trong th\u00e1nh th\u00e1p m\u00e0 vua Aj\u0101tasattu ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 mang v\u1ec1 P\u0101taliputta; \u0111\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng ra l\u1ecbnh cho s\u00e1u v\u1ecb vua x\u1ee9 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u mang n\u1ea1p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1edbt t\u1ea1i Kusin\u0101r\u0101 sau l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kim th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m 84.000 h\u1ed9p nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 84.000 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n chia X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m 84.000 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u nhau v\u00e0 an tr\u00ed v\u00e0o 84.000 c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o 84.000 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh l\u1edbn. Xong vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ee9c vua cho ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng x\u00e2y ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u00ed X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u1eeb 10 tri\u1ec7u, x\u00e2y th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i, b\u1ed1n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m, x\u00e2y th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, x\u00e2y th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 Vitasoka xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mahinda v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Sa\u1e45ghamitt\u0101 gia nh\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u1ea3 ba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vua tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng bia \u0111\u00e1 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u t\u00edch: \u0110\u1ea3n Sanh, Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n, N\u00edp B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka sau khi cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00ean c\u00e0ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn Tam B\u1ea3o. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c vua xu\u1ea5t ra 500.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng Kah\u0101pana c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c v\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh phi ph\u00e1p t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t b\u1ea3y n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ee9c vua bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng Mog-galliputtatissa. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c vua th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo trong th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Asak\u0101r\u0101ma t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1eebng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo do ch\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o l\u00e0m h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qua cu\u1ed9c thanh l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 60.000 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, cho ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggalliputtatissa h\u1ecdp T\u0103ng 6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 Uposatha. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ra 1000 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo A la h\u00e1n tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c tam t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp tam t\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 235.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 T\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. V\u00e0o n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 236, sau khi k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, Ng\u00e0i Moggalliputtatissa bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed ch\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sang c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e2n bang, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u00edn \u0111o\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00edn \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 vua v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di ng\u00f4n cho c\u00e1c quan th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh d\u00e2ng h\u1ebft c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t Di\u00eam Ph\u00f9 (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ebfn Tam b\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c quan ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c kh\u1ed1 mua l\u1ea1i giang s\u01a1n cho v\u1ecb t\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam B\u1ea3o th\u00ec vua Asola kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn n\u1eef Vis\u0101kh\u0101, v\u00ec hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh Tu \u0111\u00e0hu\u1eddn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.5. QU\u1ea2 V\u1eca TU H\u00c0NH C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb (phala) tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u (Sot\u0101pattiphala) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3, Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u hay D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh v\u1ee9c; khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu t\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Sot\u0101patti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n (v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t lai), v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i vui, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 4 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t lai (Sakad\u0101g\u0101miphala), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai, v\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sanh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafc v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y N\u00edp b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Sakad\u0101g\u0101mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Nh\u1ea5t lai ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb hai ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0: d\u1ee5c \u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t lai (An\u0101g\u0101miphala), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam qu\u1ea3, A na h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t lai, v\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c n\u1eefa, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y N\u00edp b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn v\u00e0 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A na h\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng An\u0101g\u0101mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u01afng C\u00fang (Arahattaphala), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u01afng C\u00fang, v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1eadc x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao t\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A la h\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Arahatta hay Araha\u1e43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh A la h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t, l\u00e0 \u00c1i s\u1eafc, \u00c1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u00f4 sanh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n, c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, hai l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch N\u00edp b\u00e0n ngay trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Milindapa\u00f1h\u0101, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Milinda b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i N\u0101gasena t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i N\u0101gasena gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng A la h\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ee5ng y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i c\u1ecf lau kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ed5i t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana), \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Santati, du s\u0129 B\u0101hiya-d\u0101rucariya v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kham n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, v\u00e0 A na h\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 A na h\u00e0m th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng ly th\u00e2n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c. V\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft tha v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111ang h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn N\u00edp-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika, \u00f4ng J\u012bvika, vua Bimbis\u0101ra, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 Suman\u0101 con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c, Mah\u0101n\u0101ma \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00edch ca v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc A na h\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n nam Chattap\u0101ni \u1edf S\u0101vatth\u012b, gia ch\u1ee7 Citta \u1edf Macchik\u0101sa\u1e47da, gia ch\u1ee7 Ugga \u1edf Ves\u0101li, M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u0101tik\u0101g\u0101ma, cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng M\u0101gandiya v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.6.<\/strong> VAI TR\u00d2 C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ni, nam c\u01b0 s\u0129, n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch” (A.III.247).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft tha s\u1ed1ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 hai vai tr\u00f2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p (Dhammarakkhaka).
2. Vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p (Dhammad\u0101yadaka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Tam b\u1ea3o: h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1eadc k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an vui cho ch\u00fang sanh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb mai m\u1ed9t, b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch v\u0103n c\u00fa \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gian ngay khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00edp b\u00e0n. T\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
2- H\u1eb1ng t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.
3- Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qua h\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i.
4- X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p, t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh trang nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0m vai tr\u00f2 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1eafp vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1edb b\u1eadn lo vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai; h\u00e3y tinh t\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, h\u00e3y chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, h\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i. N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ef5, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed gia ch\u1ee7 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai” (D.II.141).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.
2- Si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, kh\u00f4ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.
3- Hoan h\u1ef7 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, sa di l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111a v\u0103n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.
4- C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u t\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p khi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u bi suy tho\u00e1i, b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i.
5- T\u00f9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, in \u1ea5n s\u00e1ch kinh, m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101, vua Pasenadi, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vua Asoka … ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m sao cho gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka (A D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng). V\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cho th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 gi\u1ea3 danh g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng t\u1eadn t\u00e2m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edf mang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.
2- Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.
3- Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 thanh danh cho T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.
4- Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an nguy th\u1ecbnh suy c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng vui c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.
5- \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nhu thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng J\u012bvakakom\u0101rabhacca, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101, vua Pasenadi … l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, v\u1eeba h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thanh danh ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, v\u1eeba kh\u00e9o g\u00f3p \u00fd nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 (d\u0101yada) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng gia s\u1ea3n v.v… th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Trung B\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt – Dhamma-d\u0101y\u0101d\u0101 me bhikkhave bhavatha m\u0101 \u0101misad\u0101y\u0101d\u0101” — (M.I.12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ba ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd
– Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p
– Duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng tinh hoa Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, \u01b0a th\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia hay t\u1ea1i gia ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tham kh\u1ea3o kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a khi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo, bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd c\u0169ng hoan h\u1ef7 nghe ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft tha h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 vua Pasenadi, \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 v.v… C\u00f3 v\u1eady m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 khi c\u00f3 n\u1ebfm qua m\u00f3n \u0103n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u00f3. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ba \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c” (Sabbap\u0101passa akara\u1e47a\u1e43). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i chia r\u1ebd, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u00edch, tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh” (Kusalassa upasampad\u0101). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 thi\u1ebft tha l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tu ti\u1ebfn, cung k\u00ednh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Thanh l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m” (Sacittapariyodapana\u1e43). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 tinh t\u1ea5n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tham, s\u00e2n, si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 theo ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, ngo\u00e0i hai ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eefa c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang: t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Trong t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang \u1ea5y, t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia; c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129. B\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0 s\u0129 cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7 cho con ch\u00e1u xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i l\u00e0m ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka (A D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t 84.000 ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggalliputtatissa thay m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka l\u1eafng nghe tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggalli-puttatissa tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, l\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ph\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c. Vua \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfu ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (D\u0101y\u0101do s\u0101sanassa) ch\u0103ng? Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u00e8n b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“K\u00ednh b\u1ea1ch T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eady tr\u1eabm c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u0103ng?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng (paccayad\u0101yaka), ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (s\u0101sanad\u0101yada).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o hoan h\u1ef7 cho ph\u00e9p con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka nghe v\u1eady kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u00e8n cho ph\u00e9p hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mahinda v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Sa\u1e45ghamitt\u0101 xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Mahinda \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 T\u00edch Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu con em c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee8T CH\u01af\u01a0NG I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG II – C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N THUY\u1ebeT CHO C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

II.1. M\u01af\u1edcI H\u1ea0NG C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00fa \u1edf S\u0101vatth\u012b, t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Jetavana (K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean). B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd gia ch\u1ee7 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c) \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho gia ch\u1ee7 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika nghe v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c (K\u0101mabhog\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb, t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tham \u0111\u1eafm, \u0111am m\u00ea, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n; khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb, t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t ly. — S.IV.331; A.V.176<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1eadc th\u1ea5p, g\u1ed3m ba h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n phi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong ba h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng khen, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng khen; kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb, bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng khen, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1eadc trung, g\u1ed3m ba h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong ba h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng khen, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1eadc cao, g\u1ed3m ba h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong ba h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng khen, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng khen, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “T\u00ecm t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n”; “T\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh an vui no \u0111\u1ee7”; “Bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc”; “Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t ly”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u01b0u th\u1eafng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.2. N\u0102M PH\u00c1P T\u00c1NH NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u1eacN S\u1ef0 TAM B\u1ea2O<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (Up\u0101saka) th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u, c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed3ng li\u00ean hoa, c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u1ea1ch li\u00ean hoa. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin (saddho hoti), c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh (s\u012blav\u0101 hoti), kh\u00f4ng tin b\u00f3i to\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1m (Akotuhalama\u1e45galiko hoti), kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i Tam b\u1ea3o (na ito bahiddh\u0101 dakkhineyya\u1e43 gavesati), ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Tam b\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft (idha ca pubbak\u0101ra\u1e43 karoti). — A.III.206<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 cao qu\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i nghi; c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 an tr\u00fa trong ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi hay b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Kh\u00f4ng tin b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1m. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i do sao h\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfu m\u1ec7nh, hay \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i Tam b\u1ea3o. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Tam b\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho Tam b\u1ea3o t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Tam b\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o sau n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.3. M\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1ee8C L\u00c0NH C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ed3ng vui kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng (Sa\u1e45ghena saddhi\u1e43 sam\u0101nasukhadukkho hoti), l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c vui hay kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec ngu\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m chia s\u1ebb; T\u0103ng ch\u00fang vui th\u00ec m\u00ecnh hoan h\u1ef7, T\u0103ng ch\u00fang kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng lo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u (K\u0101yikav\u0101casika\u00f1ca surakkhita\u1e43 hoti), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- L\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng (Dhammo adhipateyyo hoti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng y c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Vui chia s\u1ebb t\u00f9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng (Yath\u0101th\u0101mena sa\u1e43vibh\u0101garato’ va hoti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u00f3 t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i t\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00ecnh c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (Jinas\u0101sana\u1e43 j\u0101nitu\u00f1ca v\u0101yamati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- C\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (Samm\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko’va hoti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u01a1n l\u00fd, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 b\u00f3i to\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1m (Apagato kotuhalama\u1e45galiko’va hoti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng tin theo sao h\u1ea1n h\u00ean xui, m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- Kh\u00f4ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 kh\u00e1c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u00ec nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng (J\u012bvitahetupi a\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43 satth\u0101ra\u1e43 na uddisati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda hay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7y ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- Vui th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (Samagg\u0101r\u0101mo’ va hoti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, hoan h\u1ef7 trong s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng chia r\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng phe ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd (S\u0101sane carati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Tam B\u1ea3o. — Kh.A.550.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.4. B\u1ed0N \u0110I\u1ec0U H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC C\u1ee6A C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft cho tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c) v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1edf h\u1eefu (Atthisukha), l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c do ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 (Bhogasukha), l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c do th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, nu\u00f4i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nu\u00f4i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n (Ana\u1e47asukha), l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c do kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 ai d\u00f9 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng tri t\u00fac, v\u1eeba v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu n\u1ee3; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo l\u1eafng h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m (Anavajjasukha), l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c do kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, \u00fd h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 an \u1ed5n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5 lo s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u “H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m” l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t. — A.II.69<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.5. B\u1ed0N PH\u00c1P T\u1ea0O L\u1ee2I \u00cdCH HI\u1ec6N T\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i \u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kakkarapatta x\u1ee9 Vajj\u012b, cho thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed D\u012bghaj\u0101nu. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c (U\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nasampad\u0101) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng th\u00e1o v\u00e1t trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n (\u0100rakkhasampad\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do thi\u00ean tai h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- C\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh (Kaly\u0101namittat\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giao du th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng tin, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng (Samaj\u012bvit\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1eeba v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng phung ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n b\u00f3n r\u00edt. — A.IV.281<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.6. B\u1ed0N PH\u00c1P \u0110EM \u0110\u1ebeN L\u1ee2I \u00cdCH T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft cho thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed D\u012bghaj\u0101nu, \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kakkarapatta x\u1ee9 Vajj\u012b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ni\u1ec1m tin (Saddh\u0101sampad\u0101), l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam b\u1ea3o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh (S\u012blasampad\u0101), l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c; t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1t sanh, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (C\u0101gasampad\u0101), l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf b\u1edfi xan tham, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, th\u00edch chia s\u1ebb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101sampad\u0101), l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn. — A.IV. 284<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.7. B\u1ed0N \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ea0NH NG\u01af\u1edcI T\u1ea0I GIA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1 xoa \u0100lavaka h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ra \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n sau khi ch\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (Sacca), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- T\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf (Dama), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Kham nh\u1eabn (Khanti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- X\u1ea3 t\u00e0i (C\u0101ga), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn. — S.I.215; Sn.188<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.8. B\u1ed0N PH\u00c1P TH\u1ecaNH C\u1ee6A GIA \u0110\u00ccNH<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1edd b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hay m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. B\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t (Na\u1e6d\u1e6dhagavesan\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, do \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n x\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp … th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Bi\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 c\u0169 (Ji\u1e47\u1e47apa\u1e6disa\u1e45khara\u1e47\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u00f9ng x\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng … ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft tu b\u1ed5 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cho m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng (Parimitap\u0101nabhojan\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u1eeba v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0110\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o (Adhipaccas\u012blavanta\u1e6dhapan\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 gia ch\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3n gia, n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 … ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh suy s\u1ee5p, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. — A.II.249<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.9. T\u00c1M NGU\u1ed2N C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ee8C SANH TR\u1edcI NG\u01af\u1edcI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo nghe v\u1ec1 t\u00e1m ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n sanh c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba qui y v\u00e0 n\u0103m v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Quy y Ph\u1eadt (Buddha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1eadc \u1ee8ng C\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Quy y Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Quy y T\u0103ng (Sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- V\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1t sanh (P\u0101\u1e47atip\u0101t\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti abhayad\u0101na\u1e43), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- V\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp (Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 pa\u1e6divi-rato hoti abhayad\u0101na\u1e43), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a cho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- V\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c (K\u0101mesu micch\u0101c\u0101r\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti abhayad\u0101na\u1e43) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m phi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- V\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti abhayad\u0101na\u1e43) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- V\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp r\u01b0\u1ee3u (Sur\u0101merayamajjamap\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti abhayad\u0101na\u1e43) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, say s\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui cho m\u00ecnh; th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui cho ch\u00fang sanh, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tai h\u1ea1i, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed (abhaya\u1e43 deti). — A.IV.245<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.10. B\u1ed0N S\u1ef0 CHUNG S\u1ed0NG GIA \u0110\u00ccNH<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c nam n\u1eef gia ch\u1ee7 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m Ng\u00e0i, l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n c\u00e2y tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa Madhur\u0101 v\u00e0 Vera\u00f1j\u0101. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nam n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ti\u1ec7n nam chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec7n n\u1eef (Chavo chav\u0101ya saddhi\u1e43 sa\u1e43vasati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c x\u1ea5u xa s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u00ednh \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c x\u1ea5u xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Ti\u1ec7n nam chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thi\u00ean n\u1eef (Chavo deviy\u0101 saddhi\u1e43 sa\u1e43vasati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c x\u1ea5u xa s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u00ednh hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Thi\u00ean nam chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec7n n\u1eef (Devo chav\u0101ya saddhi\u1e43 sa\u1e43vasati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u00ednh \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c x\u1ea5u xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Thi\u00ean nam chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thi\u00ean n\u1eef (Devo deviy\u0101 saddhi\u1e43 sa\u1e43vasati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam t\u00ednh hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hung t\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, xan tham b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, v\u00e0 hung t\u00e0n. — A.II.57<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.11. B\u1ed0N NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN T\u1ea0O X\u1ee8NG \u0110\u00d4I V\u1ee2 CH\u1ed2NG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a gia ch\u1ee7, cha m\u1eb9 Nakul\u0101. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng Bhesakal\u0101 \u1edf Bhagga, v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. C\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 nhau, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn, \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhau n\u1eefa. B\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin (Samasaddh\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng Tam b\u1ea3o, tin l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh (Samas\u012bla), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (Samac\u0101g\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i, th\u00edch ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, bi\u1ebft c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sa m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Samapa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5 – t\u1eadp – di\u1ec7t – \u0111\u1ea1o. — A.II.61<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.12. N\u0102M NGH\u1ec0 BU\u00d4N B\u00c1N TR\u00c1I \u0110\u1ea0O C\u1ee6A C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo nghe; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u0103m ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed (Satthava\u1e47ijj\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhau nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao, cung n\u1ecf, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u00fang sanh (Sattava\u1e47ijj\u0101), theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ee9c b\u00e1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho mua v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt (Ma\u1e43sava\u1e47ijj\u0101), theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mua v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c mua \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t say (Majjava\u1e47ijj\u0101), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho say nghi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u1ea7n sa \u00e1 phi\u1ec7n …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c (Visava\u1e47ijj\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, th\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng. — A. III. 208<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.13. M\u01af\u1edcI B\u1ea4T THI\u1ec6N NGHI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00fa \u1edf P\u0101v\u0101, trong v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n Cunda, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft cho th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n Cunda nghe v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1c th\u00fa, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh. M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- S\u00e1t sanh (P\u0101\u1e47\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101), l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp (Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101), l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho, \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- T\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c (K\u0101mesu micch\u0101c\u0101ra) l\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eef nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh, th\u00e2n \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (Mus\u0101v\u0101da), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3, d\u00f9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i l\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- N\u00f3i ly gi\u00e1n (Pisu\u1e47\u0101v\u0101c\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chia r\u1ebd, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia chuy\u1ec7n ngu\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c (Pharusav\u0101c\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o, th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- N\u00f3i ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm (Samphappal\u0101pa), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi phi ch\u01a1n, phi th\u1eddi, phi ph\u00e1p, phi lu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u: n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i ly gi\u00e1n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, n\u00f3i ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh, kh\u1ea9u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- Tham lam (Abhijjh\u0101), l\u00e0 tham mu\u1ed1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, mong \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- S\u00e2n h\u1eadn (By\u0101p\u0101da), l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean h\u1ea1i \u00fd, h\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m, mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (Micch\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi), l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1eb9 cha, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u: tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00fd b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh, \u00fd \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. — A.V.263<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.14. M\u01af\u1edcI THI\u1ec6N NGHI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft cho th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n Cunda nghe ti\u1ebfp theo b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y Cunda, c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n c\u00f3 ba, t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n, t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u00fd c\u00f3 ba. Ai th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n th\u00fa n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1t sanh (P\u0101\u1e47\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh, s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ecf ki\u1ebfm, bi\u1ebft t\u00e0m qu\u00fd, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp (Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c (K\u0101mesu micch\u0101c\u0101r\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi n\u1eef nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i ly gi\u00e1n (Pisu\u1e47\u0101ya v\u0101c\u0101ya pa\u1e6divirato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng chia r\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng nghe ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 kia, kh\u00f4ng nghe ch\u1ed7 kia n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ly gi\u00e1n hai b\u00ean; vui h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c (Pharus\u0101ya v\u0101c\u0101ya pa\u1e6divirato hoti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o tao nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- T\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm (Samphappal\u0101p\u0101 pa\u1e6divirato hoti), kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch, phi l\u00fd, phi ch\u00e2n; ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh, kh\u1ea9u t\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- Kh\u00f4ng tham lam (Anabhijjh\u0101lu hoti), kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch sang \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n t\u00e2m (Aby\u0101pamacitto hoti), kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean h\u1ea1i \u00fd, h\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng mong cho ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng oan tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- C\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (Samm\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko hoti), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m, hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, tin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi sau, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cha m\u1eb9, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh, \u00fd thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p. — A.V.266<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.15. M\u01af\u1edcI PH\u01af\u1edaC NGHI\u1ec6P S\u1ef0 TH\u1eacP H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ef1 (Pu\u00f1\u00f1akiriyavatthu), l\u00e3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt, ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u0101namaya), c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi (s\u012blamaya) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tu ti\u1ebfn (bh\u0101van\u0101ya) – D.III.218; A.IV.239; It.51.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (D\u0101namagga), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi (S\u012blamaya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Tu ti\u1ebfn (Bh\u0101van\u0101maya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Cung k\u00ednh (Apac\u0101yanamaya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (Veyy\u0101vaccamaya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng (Pattid\u0101namaya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c sanh t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- T\u00f9y h\u1ef7 (Patt\u0101numodan\u0101maya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vui th\u00edch theo c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- Th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p (Dhammassavanamaya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft, hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p (Dhammadesan\u0101maya), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- C\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (Di\u1e6d\u1e6dhujukamma), l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m cho tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay th\u1eb3ng, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 chung m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt; \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, cung k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 chung m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u00f3c \u0111\u1ee9c; \u0111i\u1ec1u tu ti\u1ebfn, th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 chung m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed; ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p kia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc. — D.A. III.999; Comp. 146<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.16. B\u1ea2Y PH\u00c1P B\u1ea4T TH\u1ed0I C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo nghe:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecda (Aparih\u0101niya)”. B\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo (Bhikkhudassana\u1e43 na h\u0101peti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c nghe di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p (Saddhammassavana\u1e43 nappamajjati).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Tu t\u1eadp T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi (Adhis\u012ble sikkhati), l\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u00ednh ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Gi\u00e0u ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, t\u1ef3 kheo trung ni\u00ean, t\u1ef3 kheo t\u00e2n nh\u1eadp (Pas\u0101dabahulo hoti bhikkh\u016bsu theresu ceva navesu ca majjhimesu ca).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m khi nghe ph\u00e1p (Anup\u0101rambhacitto dhamma\u1e43 su\u1e47\u0101ti na randhagaves\u012b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i T\u0103ng ch\u00fang (Na ito bahiddh\u0101 dakkhi\u1e47eyya\u1e43 gavesati).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- \u01afu ti\u00ean cho T\u0103ng ch\u00fang (Idha ca pubbak\u0101ra\u1e43 karoti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau m\u1edbi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 (\u0100. Sattanip\u0101ta). — A. IV.25, 26<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.17. B\u1ea2Y PH\u00c1P SUY THO\u00c1I C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn suy tho\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- L\u00e3ng qu\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo (Bhik-khudassana\u1e43 h\u0101peti). V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- D\u1ec3 du\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c nghe di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p (Saddhammas-savana\u1e43 pamajjati). V\u00ec \u00edt nghe ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghe c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi (Adhis\u012ble na sikkhati), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi … \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, trung ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u00e2n nh\u1eadp (Appas\u0101dabahulo hoti bhik-kh\u016bsu theresu ceva navesu ca majjhimesu ca), v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin \u1edf T\u0103ng ch\u00fang n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Nghe ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m (Up\u0101rambhacitto dhamma\u1e43 su\u1e47\u0101ti randhagaves\u012b). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 nghe ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- T\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i T\u0103ng ch\u00fang (Itobahiddh\u0101 dakkhineyya\u1e43 gavesati), l\u00e0 xem tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, xem T\u0103ng ch\u00fang ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng qui y b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- \u01afu ti\u00ean cho ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o (Tattha ca pubbak\u0101ra\u1e43 karoti), l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i.” — A. IV.25, 26<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.18. T\u00c1M L\u1ed6I L\u1ea6M C\u1ee6A C\u01af S\u0128 KHI\u1ebeN T\u0102NG CH\u00daNG \u00daP B\u00c1T, KH\u00d4NG NH\u1eacN S\u1ef0 C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y, T\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00fap b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c (Bhikkh\u016bna\u1e43 al\u0101bh\u0101ya parisakkati), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- C\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo (Bhik-kh\u016bna\u1e43 anatth\u0101ya parisakkati), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, lo s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- C\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf (Bhikkh\u016bna\u1e43 an\u0101v\u0101s\u0101ya parisakkati), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo, ho\u1eb7c \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111i kh\u1ecfi ch\u00f9a m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- M\u1eafng ch\u1eedi nhi\u1ebfc m\u00f3c c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo (Bhikkh\u016b akkosati paribh\u0101sati), nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 do s\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Chia r\u1ebd t\u1ef3 kheo v\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kheo (Bhikkh\u016b Bhikkh\u016bhi vibhedeti), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ly gi\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt (Buddhassa ava\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 bh\u0101sati), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3i xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng ph\u00e1p (Dhammassa ava\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 bh\u0101sati), n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng T\u0103ng (Sa\u1e45ghassa ava\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 bh\u0101sati), n\u00f3i m\u1ea1 l\u1ef5, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang. — A.IV.344<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.19. CH\u00cdN KHUY\u1ebeT \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A C\u01af S\u0128 KHI\u1ebeN T\u0102NG KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ebeN NH\u00c0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Pasenadi x\u1ee9 Kosala th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi 500 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng cung \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 vua c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c vua s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y sau th\u00ec vua l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m. Ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng cung n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda l\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i. Khi vua Pase-nadi ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, nh\u00e0 vua th\u00e2n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn cung ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda, nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb n\u1ec3 ta. H\u00f4m sau, vua \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 than phi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 cho nh\u00e0 vua bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vua n\u00ean ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 cho vua Pasenadi bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 ch\u00edn khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp vui v\u1ebb (Na man\u0101pena paccu\u1e6d\u1e6dhenti).
2- Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 vui v\u1ebb (Na man\u0101pena abhiv\u0101 denti).
3- Kh\u00f4ng vui v\u1ebb m\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i (Na man\u0101pena \u0101sana\u1e43 denti).
4- C\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u00ec gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm (Santamassa parig\u016bhanti).
5- C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cho \u00edt (Bahukamhi thoka\u1e43 denti).
6- C\u00f3 ngon cho d\u1edf (Pa\u1e47\u012btamhi lukha\u1e43 denti).
7- Cho v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh (Asakkacca\u1e43 denti).
8- Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ph\u00e1p (Na upanis\u012bdanti dhammassavan\u0101ya).
9- Kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n (Bh\u0101sitamassa na ramissanti). — A. IV.387<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.20. S\u00c1U C\u1eecA SUY VONG CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u01af S\u0128, S\u00c1U NG\u00d5 \u0110I D\u1eaaN \u0110\u1ebeN THI\u1ec6T T\u00c0I S\u1ea2N V\u00c0 B\u1eca KH\u1ed4 L\u1ee4Y<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka nghe. Gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ea1nh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i l\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cha. Khi g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng cho nghe h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i l\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u c\u1eeda suy vong m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Say s\u01b0a r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 (Sur\u0101merayamajjapam\u0101 da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101nuyogo), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng say s\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i, ph\u00e1t sanh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t danh d\u1ef1, th\u00e2n l\u00f5a l\u1ed3 tr\u00e2ng tr\u00e1o, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 phi th\u1eddi (Vik\u0101lavisikh\u0101 cariy\u0101nuyogo), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee3 con, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00ecnh nghi, th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tin \u0111\u1ed3n, chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- La c\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Samajjh\u0101bhicara\u1e47a\u1e43), ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 vui ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7, th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0m t\u1ed1n hao ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u00ecm nh\u1ea1c h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0110am m\u00ea c\u1edd b\u1ea1c (J\u016btappam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101nuyogo), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1edd b\u1ea1c c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy l\u00e0 th\u1eafng sinh ra th\u00f9 o\u00e1n, thua l\u1ed7 b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu khinh r\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Giao du \u00e1c h\u1eefu (P\u0101pamitt\u0101nuyogo), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n x\u1ea5u c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i gian x\u1ea3o, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- S\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c (\u00c0lass\u00e0nuyogo), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng s\u1ebd th\u1ed1i th\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, vi\u1ec7n l\u00fd do l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1, n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1, s\u1edbm qu\u00e1, tr\u1ec5 qu\u00e1, \u0111\u00f3i qu\u00e1, no qu\u00e1. Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. — D. III.182.184.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.21. B\u1ed0N H\u1ea0NG NG\u1ee4Y B\u1eb0NG H\u1eeeU, H\u1ea0NG B\u1ea0N GI\u1ea2 D\u1ed0I, KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I B\u1ea0N T\u1ed0T<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- B\u1ea1n v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i (A\u00f1\u00f1adatthuhara), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tham lam: g\u1eb7p g\u00ec c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y, cho \u00edt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m theo, giao du v\u00ec m\u01b0u l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- B\u1ea1n kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec7n (Vac\u012bparama), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i gi\u1ecfi: t\u1ecf th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua, t\u1ecf th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, mua chu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi ng\u1ecdt, khi b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu s\u1ef1 th\u00ec t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- B\u1ea1n dua n\u1ecbnh (Anuppiyabh\u0101\u1e47\u012b), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3 ton h\u00f3t: \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, ca t\u1ee5ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c ph\u00eda sau l\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- B\u1ea1n tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c (Ap\u0101yasah\u0101ya), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng: say s\u01b0a r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, du h\u00e0nh ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00eam, hoang d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm, \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1edd b\u1ea1c. — D.III.185.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.22. B\u1ed0N H\u1ea0NG CH\u00c2N B\u1eb0NG H\u1eeeU (SUHADAMITTA), H\u1ea0NG B\u1ea0N CH\u00c2N T\u00ccNH, H\u1ea0NG B\u1ea0N T\u1ed0T<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- B\u1ea1n t\u00e1n tr\u1ee3 (Upak\u0101rakamitta), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhau khi b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n; gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a khi c\u00f3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1eefu s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng cam c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 (Sam\u0101nasukhadukkhamitta), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung vui chung kh\u1ed5: t\u1ecf chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7m k\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u1eef k\u00edn chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nhau khi g\u1eb7p ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, d\u00e1m hy sinh v\u00ec b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- B\u1ea1n khuy\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i (Atthakkh\u0101y\u012bmitta), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n khuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ee3i \u00edch: can ng\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, n\u00f3i cho nghe ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- B\u1ea1n th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh (Anukampakamittta), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ch\u00ed c\u1ed1t t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a: kh\u00f4ng vui khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n, vui m\u1eebng khi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 g\u1eb7p may, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u b\u1ea1n, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen t\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1n. — D. III. 187.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.23. C\u00c1C B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN GI\u1eeeA CHA M\u1eb8 V\u00c0 CON C\u00c1I<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng (Puratthim\u0101 dis\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n l\u00e0m \u00e1c (P\u0101p\u0101 niv\u0101renti)
2- Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh (Kaly\u0101ne nivesenti)
3- Cho con h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (Sippa\u1e43 sikkh\u0101penti)
4- D\u1ef1ng v\u1ee3 g\u1ea3 ch\u1ed3ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho con (Pa\u1e6dir\u016bpena d\u0101rena sa\u1e43yojenti)
5- \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi giao gia t\u00e0i cho con (Samaye d\u0101yajja\u1e43 niyy\u0101denti)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 (Nesa\u1e43 bhara\u1e47a\u1e43)
2- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 (Nesa\u1e43 kicca kara\u1e47a\u1e43)
3- Gi\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh (Kulava\u1e43sa\u1e6dhapana\u1e43)
4- S\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 (D\u0101yajjapa\u1e6dipajjana)
5- Khi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng (Dakkhi\u1e47\u0101nuppad\u0101na\u1e43). — D. III.189<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.24. C\u00c1C B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN GI\u1eeeA TH\u1ea6Y V\u00c0 TR\u00d2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam (dakkhi\u1e47\u0101 dis\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (Suvin\u012bta\u1e43 vinenti)
2- D\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho ti\u1ebfp thu t\u1ed1t (Suggahita\u1e43 g\u0101h\u0101penti)
3- Truy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 (Sabbasippasuta\u1e43 samakkh\u0101gino bhavanti)
4- Khen h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau (Mitt\u0101maccesu pa\u1e6divedenti)
5- B\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc trong m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t (Dis\u0101su paritt\u0101na\u1e43 karonti)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n (U\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nena)
2- H\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n (Upa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nena)
3- Ngoan ngo\u00e3n v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi (Sussus\u0101ya)
4- T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch (P\u0101ricariy\u0101ya)
5- Nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (Sakkacca\u1e43 sippuggaha\u1e47ena). — D. III.189<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.25. C\u00c1C B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN GI\u1eeeA V\u1ee2 CH\u1ed2NG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y (Pacchim\u0101 dis\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 (Samm\u0101nan\u0101ya)
2- Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb (Avim\u0101nan\u0101ya)
3- Kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh (Anaticariy\u0101ya)
4- Giao quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 (Issariyavossaggena)
5- T\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c (Ala\u1e45k\u0101r\u0101nuppad\u0101nena).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- S\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 v\u00e9n kh\u00e9o (Susa\u1e43vihitakammant\u0101)
2- \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi b\u00e0 con hai h\u1ecd (Susa\u1e45gahitaparijan\u0101)
3- Kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh (Anatic\u0101rin\u012b)
4- G\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng (Sambhata\u1e43 anurakkhati)
5- Kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o si\u00eang n\u0103ng trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c (Dakkh\u0101 ca analas\u0101 sabbakiccesu). — D.III.190<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.26. C\u00c1C B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN GI\u1eeeA B\u1ea0N B\u00c8 CH\u1ee6 KH\u00c1CH:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc (Uttar\u0101 dis\u0101):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 c\u00e1p (D\u0101nena)
2- N\u00f3i l\u1eddi nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n (Piyavajjena)
3- L\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n (Atthacariy\u0101ya)
4- \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng (Sam\u0101nattat\u0101ya)
5- Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 (Avisa\u1e43v\u0101danat\u0101ya)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 gia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00fac ch\u1ee7 gia s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t (Pamatta\u1e43 rakkhanti).
2- Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho gia ch\u1ee7 l\u00fac d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i (Pamattassa s\u0101pateyya\u1e43 rakkhanti).
3- L\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u1ee7 gia khi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i (Bh\u012btassasarana\u1e43 honti).
4- L\u00fac ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nhau (\u0100pad\u0101su na vijahanti)
5- T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 gia (Aparapaja\u1e43 ca pi’ssa pa\u1e6dip\u016bjenti). — D. III.190<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.27. C\u00c1C B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN GI\u1eeeA NG\u01af\u1edcI CH\u1ee6 V\u00c0 NG\u01af\u1edcI L\u00c0M<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi (he\u1e6d\u1e6dhim\u0101 dis\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c, th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Giao ph\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba theo s\u1ee9c (Yath\u0101bala\u1e43 kammantasa\u1e43vidh\u0101nena)
2- Ban ph\u00e1t v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng (Bhattavettan\u0101nuppad\u0101nena)
3- S\u0103n s\u00f3c l\u00fac h\u1ecd b\u1ec7nh (Gil\u0101nupa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nena)
4- Chia s\u1ebb m\u00f3n ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 (Acchariy\u0101na\u1e43 ras\u0101na\u1e43 sa\u1e43vibh\u0101gena)
5- Cho th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i (Samaye vossaggena), d\u1ecbp ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd h\u1eefu s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Th\u1ee9c d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 (Pubbu\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101yino). N\u1ebfu gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0 th\u00ec n\u00ean th\u1ee9c d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edf l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7.
2- Ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i sau ch\u1ee7 (Pacch\u0101nip\u0101tino). N\u1ebfu gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i ng\u1ee7 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00ec n\u00ean t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ra v\u1ec1 tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7.
3- Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 cho (Dinnad\u0101yino), l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7.
4- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o (Sukatakammak\u0101rak\u0101).
5- \u0110em ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1m cho ch\u1ee7 (Kittava\u1e47\u1e47ahar\u0101), lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khen ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh. — D. III.191<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.28. C\u00c1C B\u1ed4N PH\u1eacN GI\u1eeeA C\u01af S\u0128 V\u00c0 SA M\u00d4N<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 sa m\u00f4n, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean (Uparim\u0101 dis\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i gia, sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 cung c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho gia ch\u1ee7 t\u1eed Si\u1e45g\u0101laka nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0- la-m\u00f4n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u01b0 x\u1eed thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb t\u00e2m (Mettena k\u0101yakammena), kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh.
2- C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u01b0 x\u1eed thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m (Mettena vac\u012bkammena), kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c c\u1ea3m m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh.
3- C\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u1ec9 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m (Mettena manokammena), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh.
4- Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 (An\u0101va\u1e6dadv\u0101rat\u0101ya), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh gh\u00e9 l\u1ea1i.
5- Hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang t\u00e0i v\u1eadt (\u0100nis\u0101nuppad\u0101nena), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eb7ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m c\u01b0 x\u1eed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Khuy\u00ean ng\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c (Pap\u0101 niv\u0101renti)
2- H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n (Kaly\u0101ne nivesenti)
3- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng (Kaly\u0101\u1e47amanas\u0101 anukampanti)
4- N\u00f3i cho nghe ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe (Assuta\u1e43 s\u0101venti)
5- Minh gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghe (Suta\u1e43 pariyodapenti)
6- Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (Saggassa magga\u1e43 \u0101cikkhanti). — D. III.191<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee8T CH\u01af\u01a0NG II<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG III -PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N TU T\u1eacP C\u1ee6A C\u01af S\u0128<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

III.1. QUI Y TAM B\u1ea2O (Tisara\u1e47agamana)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qui y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Q<\/strong>ui y (sara\u1e47agamana) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00edch t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadp t\u1eed nh\u1ea5t sanh thay v\u00ec \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m m\u00e0 anh ta quen bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho anh ta l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh ph\u00e1p c\u00fa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: “Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t b\u00e8n \u0111i t\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, n\u00fai non, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 qui y an \u1ed5n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qui y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 qui y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ai qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qui y ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 – t\u1eadp – di\u1ec7t – \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 qui y an \u1ed5n, l\u00e0 qui y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qui y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au”. (Dhp.188-192).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qui y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (buddha), Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p (dhamma), v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang (sa\u1e45gha).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed qui y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c, xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i hay ban cho \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed qui y Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh qui y ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tai gi\u1ea3i n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed qui y T\u0103ng l\u00e0 qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n anh d\u00ecu d\u1eaft m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh qui y T\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u0129 trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0o v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1eed ki\u00eang \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea3i do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, s\u1ef1 qui y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qui y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p s\u1ef1 qui y do ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) \u0110\u1ee9c tin (Saddh\u0101)
b) Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)
c) Ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c sanh m\u1ea1ng (J\u012bvitaparicc\u0101ga)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i nghi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n Tam b\u1ea3o, m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n qui y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 qui y t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Qui y m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng tin th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m noi theo Tam b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qui y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i qui y, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt – Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p – T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 xin qui y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p s\u1ef1 qui y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c sanh m\u1ea1ng cho Tam b\u1ea3o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n theo l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tu t\u1eadp, n\u00ean d\u00f9 c\u00f3 xin qui y v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 qui y t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c sanh m\u1ea1ng cho Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qui y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qui y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh qui ph\u1ee5c (Attasanniy-y\u0101tan\u0101)
b) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a (Tappar\u0101yan\u0101)
c) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (Sissabh\u0101vupagamana)
d) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh (Pa\u1e47ip\u0101ta)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o mu\u1ed1n qui y Tam b\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh nghi th\u1ee9c qui y. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qui y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai “Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Tam b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qui y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Qui y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh qui ph\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: “Ajja \u0101di\u1e43 katv\u0101 aha\u1e43 att\u0101na\u1e43 buddhassa dhammassa sa\u1e45ghassa niyy\u0101demi<\/em>” (B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay con xin d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Qui y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: “Ajja \u0101di\u1e43 katv\u0101 aha\u1e43 buddha-par\u0101yano dhammapar\u0101yano sa\u1e45ghapar\u0101yano. Iti ma\u1e43 dh\u0101retha<\/em>” (B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay con c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a. Xin Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft cho con nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qui y n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1oth\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: “Eso’ ha\u1e43 suciraparinibbuta\u1e43pi ta\u1e43<\/em> bhagavanta\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi dhamma\u00f1ca bhikkhusa\u1e45gha\u00f1ca up\u0101saka\u1e43 ma\u1e43 dh\u0101retha”.(Con xin y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u0111\u00e3 n\u00edp b\u00e0n, xin y ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, xin y ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo. Mong Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft con l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Qui y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: “Ajja \u0101di\u1e43 katv\u0101 aha\u1e43 bud-dhassa antev\u0101siko dhammassa antev\u0101siko sa\u1e45ghassa antev\u0101siko. Iti ma\u1e43 dh\u0101retha” (B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay con l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang. Xin Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft cho con nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Qui y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: Ajja \u0101di\u1e43 katv\u0101 aha\u1e43 abhi-v\u0101dana\u1e43 paccupa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na\u1e43 a\u00f1jalikamma\u1e43 s\u0101m\u012bci-kamma\u1e43 buddh\u0101d\u012bna\u1e43-y-eva tinna\u1e43 vatth\u016bna\u1e43 karomi. Iti ma\u1e43 dh\u0101retha”<\/em>(B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay con ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, nghinh ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e1i ch\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba ng\u00f4i Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng. Xin Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft con l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh qui y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn v.v… kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qui y c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e0m qui y, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y, v\u00ec ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qui y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t danh hi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (Up\u0101saka). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ba s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed (a\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a)
b) Ho\u00e0i nghi (sa\u1e43saya)
c) T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (micch\u0101\u00f1\u0101\u1e47adassa)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y b\u1edfi do thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft tha, kh\u00f4ng tinh t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nghi ng\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nghi ng\u1edd hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nghi ng\u1edd ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y, b\u1edfi do ho\u00e0i nghi n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ea5n, xao l\u00e3ng ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m, hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tin b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng v.v… g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 qui y, b\u1edfi do t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111i xa l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n qui y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qui y b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n qui y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh qui y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc d\u00f9 m\u1ea1ng chung \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y sanh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tam qui, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qui y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n qui y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) \u0110\u1ee9t qui y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i (Anavajjo)
b) \u0110\u1ee9t qui y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i (S\u0101vajjo)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ebft th\u00ec xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n qui y, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00fac t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Tam b\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tu t\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9t qui y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o, sau \u0111\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng theo ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9t qui y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. C\u00f3 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf Tam b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Tam b\u1ea3o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00e1c qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eef s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9t qui y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 qui y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Qui y Tam b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, t\u1eeb th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qui y s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin, tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n tu ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qui y Tam b\u1ea3o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft tha h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec nh\u1edd duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m qui y Tam b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u an vui, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng, c\u00f3 ng\u0169 quan nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n … h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.2. H\u1ea0NH B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd (D\u0101na)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (D\u0101na, t\u00e0u \u00e2m \u0111\u00e0n-na) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cho, bi\u1ebfu, t\u1eb7ng, hi\u1ebfn, d\u00e2ng c\u00fang … cho ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u danh t\u1eeb “B\u1ed1 th\u00ed” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng “Cho v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khinh b\u1ec9”. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. “B\u1ed1 th\u00ed” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a c\u1eed, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m keo ki\u1ebft b\u1ecfn s\u1ebbn m\u1edbi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do v\u1eady, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cao qu\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng vui th\u00edch san s\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng hoan h\u1ef7 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, vui th\u00edch ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u00f3 khi h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 khi th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u0101na) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i (c\u0101ga) hay th\u00ed x\u1ea3 (paricc\u0101ga).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) C\u00f3 t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m (cetan\u0101)
b) C\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u00ed (vatthu)
c) C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn (pa\u1e6dig\u0101haka)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u00f3 t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t hay c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: “Ta s\u1ebd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed”, ho\u1eb7c “Ta h\u00e3y b\u1ed1 th\u00ed”, ho\u1eb7c “Ta ch\u1edb n\u00ean b\u1ecfn s\u1ebbn” … t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n<\/em> (pubbacetan\u0101<\/em>); t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u1edfi l\u00ean khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n<\/em> (mu\u00f1canacetan\u0101<\/em>), t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m qua th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0 h\u1eadu<\/em> (aparacetan\u0101<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m (cetan\u0101) r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, hay ch\u1ec9 ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u. T\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng y Ka\u1e6dhina v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c … Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u00e0y ng\u1eeda tay xin ti\u1ec1n, c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u1ea5y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u00e0y ngay khi \u1ea5y …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n \u0111ang khi l\u00e0m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, b\u1edfi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n sau khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u00e0ng hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 cho \u00fd mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00eam n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eadn y duy\u00ean. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadu t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft tha, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 “C\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u00ed”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em cho, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00f3i theo lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c (c\u012bvara), v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c (pi\u1e47\u1e0dap\u0101ta), tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 (sen\u0101sana), thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh (gil\u0101nabhesajja). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n nhu y\u1ebfu, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c che th\u00e2n, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00e1nh m\u01b0a n\u1eafng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n tr\u1eeb c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5. B\u1ed1n v\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00f3i theo kinh t\u1ea1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n (a\u1e47\u1e47a), n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng (p\u0101na), y ph\u1ee5c (vattha), xe thuy\u1ec1n (y\u0101na), b\u00f4ng hoa (m\u0101l\u0101), v\u1eadt th\u01a1m (gandha), v\u1eadt thoa (vilepana), gi\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u1ebf (seyy\u0101), ch\u1ed7 \u1edf (\u0101vasatha), \u0111\u00e8n \u0111u\u1ed1c (pad\u012bpa). M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec7n nghi cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m v\u1eadt th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00f3i theo Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc (r\u016bpa), thinh (sadda), h\u01b0\u01a1ng (gandha), v\u1ecb (rasa), x\u00fac (pho\u1e6d\u1e6dhabba) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p (dhamma). S\u00e1u v\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00ed, v\u1eadt th\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 tai th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thinh th\u00ed v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt th\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111em cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ta m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0103n c\u01a1m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1m n\u1ea5u d\u1ecdn l\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho. N\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u1eadt th\u00ed, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt th\u00ed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd th\u00ed hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed c\u00f3 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (pa\u1e6dipuggalika) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (sa\u1e45ghika).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, hay b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u00e0y, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, hay l\u00e0 cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3, m\u1ed9t con m\u00e8o v.v… nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ecd th\u00ed \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i v.v… \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh, b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n, h\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01a1n, h\u1ea1ng s\u00fac sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1eadc kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5, \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1eadc kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng s\u00fac sanh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00fa v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd th\u00ed n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “Cho” th\u00ec n\u00f3i c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 (sa\u1e45gahavasa)
b) B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng (p\u016bjavasa)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi t\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, mong xoa d\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 cho y ph\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn t\u00e2m, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch cung k\u00ednh, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd th\u00ed ch\u00fac ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 t\u00e1m t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (A.IV.236):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Do th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (chand\u0101 d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y qu\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.
2- Do gh\u00e9t m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (dos\u0101 d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i do b\u1ecb xin x\u1ecf qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho y\u00ean; ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111em cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.
3- Do d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (moh\u0101 d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ai xin th\u00ec cho v\u1eady th\u00f4i.
4- Do s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (bhay\u0101 d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i cho t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean th\u00e2n.
5- Do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (kulava\u1e43s\u0101 d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
6- Do m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sanh thi\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (Sugati-upapannatth\u0101ya d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng sau khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ta ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd sanh thi\u00ean.
7- Do m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e2m an vui m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (cittapa-s\u012bdanatth\u0101ya d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng khi ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111em ni\u1ec1m vui cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.
8- Do m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trang b\u1ecb cho t\u00e2m m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (cittaparikkh\u0101rattha\u1e43 d\u0101na\u1e43 deti). C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, mu\u1ed1n trang b\u1ecb cho t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf xan tham n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u00e1m t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trang b\u1ecb t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao qu\u00ed, s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e2m an vui c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sanh thi\u00ean, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed trong \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xem l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed c\u00f3 n\u0103m (A.III.171), l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng (Sakkacca\u1e43 deti). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi cho ai th\u00ec cho b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n.
2- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 (Citt\u012bkatv\u0101 deti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t n\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.
3- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ef1 tay (Sahatth\u0101 deti), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng sai b\u1ea3o hay giao ph\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m.
4- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf (anapaviddha\u1e43 deti), l\u00e0 cho v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang d\u00f9ng x\u00e0i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u01b0 th\u1eeba hay th\u1ed1i h\u01b0.
5- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (\u0101gamanadi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko deti), l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn an vui, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
Cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng phi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed c\u00f3 n\u0103m (A.III.171) l\u00e0:<\/p>

1- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng (asakkacca\u1e43 deti). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng phi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed khi cho ai th\u00ec cho v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khinh r\u1ebb.
2- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 (acitt\u012bkatv\u0101 deti). H\u1ea1ng phi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1edd \u01a1, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m.
3- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tay (asahath\u0101 deti). H\u1ea1ng phi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sai b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m.
4- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf (apaviddha\u1e43 deti). H\u1ea1ng phi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n ch\u00ea, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng x\u00e0i n\u1eefa.
5- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (an\u0101gamanadi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko deti). H\u1ea1ng phi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00f4i.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo v\u1eadt th\u00ed, t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00f9y theo v\u1eadt th\u00ed (v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 …), \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 (A.III.42):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- H\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u00ed th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.
2- H\u01b0\u1edfng dung s\u1eafc nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u00ed th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n xinh t\u1ed1t.
3- H\u01b0\u1edfng an vui nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u00ed th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5.
4- H\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u00ed th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sung m\u00e3n.
5- H\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u00ed th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (A.A.257) c\u00f3 5 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec gh\u00e9t, v\u00ec d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 sau r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.
2- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec gi\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong c\u00f5i nh\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4i.
3- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec mong sanh thi\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.
4- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m an vui th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i (manussa-sampatti), t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean (devasampatti).
5- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 trang b\u1ecb cho t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m trang nghi\u00eam t\u00e2m, c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n hay th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u N\u00edp b\u00e0n (nibb\u0101nasam-patti), n\u1ebfu th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t N\u00edp b\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u theo cung c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (A.III.172) c\u00f3 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i.
2- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qui ph\u1ee5c.
3- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac.
4- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n.
5- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n b\u1edfi l\u1eeda, n\u01b0\u1edbc, vua, k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (A.III.38) c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn.
2- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c giao h\u1ea3o.
3- Danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t lan truy\u1ec1n
4- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m d\u1ea1n d\u0129 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang.
5- Sau khi m\u1ea1ng chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

III. 3. H\u1ea0NH TR\u00cc GI\u1edaI (S\u012bla)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi (s\u012bla) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho \u00fd t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00ec gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p (s\u012bra), l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1t m\u1ebb (s\u012btala) do b\u1ea5t h\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u00eang c\u1eed nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u. S\u1ef1 ki\u00eang c\u1eed hay s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c c\u00f3 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Ki\u00eang l\u00e0m \u00e1c do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh (sampattavirati). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5m gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi.
b) Ki\u00eang l\u00e0m \u00e1c do th\u1ecd tr\u00ec (sam\u0101d\u0101navirati). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00ean nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi.
c) Ki\u00eang l\u00e0m \u00e1c do d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (samuc-chedavirati). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o do th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1edbi do t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ed1 \u00fd (cetan\u0101-s\u012bla\u1e43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh (Visdh I.16):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) T\u00e0m (hiri), l\u00f2ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i
b) Qu\u00fd (ottappa), t\u00e2m gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, gia th\u1ebf, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng “Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”. Nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 th\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn nh\u1edd c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng t\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 tr\u00ed qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu ta ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m … nh\u1edd ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn nh\u1edd c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i gia, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn xem l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, hay nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u00e0m qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Khi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u00e0m qu\u00fd th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi (pa\u00f1cas\u012bla) v\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi (a\u1e6d\u1e6dha-uposathas\u012bla).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt gi\u1edbi (niccas\u012bla), g\u1ed3m n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh (p\u0101\u1e47\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt, lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh.
2- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp (adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 vera-ma\u1e47\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng cho. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.
3- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c (k\u0101mesu micch\u0101-c\u0101r\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i v\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 d\u00e2m.
4- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 vui c\u01b0\u1eddi. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.
5- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t say (sur\u0101-merayamajjapam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 say s\u01b0a r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t say. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t (uposatha), l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u00e2l m\u00f9ng 5, m\u00f9ng 8, ng\u00e0y 14, ng\u00e0y 15, ng\u00e0y 20, ng\u00e0y 23, ng\u00e0y 29 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 30 (n\u1ebfu th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec trai gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 28 v\u00e0 29 \u00e2l). T\u00ednh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc h\u00f4m sau. B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh (p\u0101\u1e47\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b).
2- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp (adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 vera-ma\u1e47\u012b)
3- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh phi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh (abrahma-cariy\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eed s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m, d\u00f9 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng ki\u00eang g\u1ea7n g\u0169i x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt khi gi\u1eef trai gi\u1edbi. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.
4- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (mus\u0101v\u0101da verama\u1e47\u012b)
5- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t say (sur\u0101me-rayamajjapam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b)
6- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh \u0103n phi th\u1eddi (vik\u0101labhojan\u0101 vera-ma\u1e47\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n nhai thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y m\u1ec5 c\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0103n phi th\u1eddi.
7- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh xem m\u00faa, h\u00e1t, nh\u1ea1c, k\u1ecbch, trang s\u1ee9c v\u00f2ng hoa, h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, v\u1eadt thoa v\u00e0 th\u1eddi trang (naccag\u012btav\u0101ditavis\u016bkadassanam\u0101l\u0101gandhavilepana-dha\u00e0ra\u1e47ama\u1e47\u1e0danavibh\u016bsana\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ca h\u00e1t \u0111\u1eddn k\u00e8n, trang \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00e2n. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c.
8- Ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda cao r\u1ed9ng (ucc\u0101sayanamah\u0101sayan\u0101 verama\u1e47\u012b), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i n\u01a1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u1ebf cao sang nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1ng qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 chi c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi (a\u1e45ga), \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng (\u0111\u1ee9t gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CHI C\u1ee6A GI\u1edaI (A\u1e45ga)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Chi c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi hay h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 chi ph\u1ea7n; n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 chi gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t chi c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 chi c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i chung nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh” c\u00f3 5 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh (p\u0101\u1e47a).
2- K\u1ebb gi\u1ebft bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt (p\u0101\u1e47a-sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012b).
3- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i (vadhakacitta)
4- H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 s\u00e1t (upakkamo)
5- \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u00e1t \u1ea5y (tenama-ra\u1e47a\u1e43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 5 chi n\u00e0y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp” c\u00f3 5 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- V\u1eadt b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n (paraparig-gahita\u1e43).
2- K\u1ebb l\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 (paraparigga-hitasa\u00f1\u00f1\u012b)
3- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp (theyyacitta\u1e43)
4- C\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m (upakkamo)
5- V\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111em \u0111i kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 do s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9m \u1ea5y (tena harana\u1e43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 5 chi n\u00e0y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 d\u00e2m” trong ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 4 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn (agaman\u012byat-th\u0101na\u1e43), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p cho quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.
2- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y (tasmi\u1e43 sevan\u0101citta\u1e43)
3- C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (upakkamo)
4- \u0110\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (maggena maggappa-\u1e6dip\u0101dana\u1e43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n chi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m” trong b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 4 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 l\u1ed7 khi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m (bhedanavatthu), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3 khi\u1ebfu, t\u00ednh theo h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 30 khi\u1ebfu.
2- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5c (sevan\u0101citta\u1e43)
3- C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n (tajjov\u0101-y\u0101mo)
4- \u0110\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (maggena maggappa-\u1e6dip\u0101dana\u1e43), l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho khi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1m khi\u1ebfu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 4 chi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i” c\u00f3 4 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt (atatha\u1e43vatthu) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3.
2- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i sai (visa\u1e43v\u0101danacitta\u1e43)
3- C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i sai (tajjo v\u0101y\u0101mo)
4- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 (parassa tadatthavij\u0101n\u0101na\u1e43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 4 chi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u” c\u00f3 4 chi “:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t say (majjan\u012byavatthu), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9
2- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng (P\u0101tukamyat\u0101citta\u1e43)
3- C\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t say \u1ea5y (tajjo v\u0101yamo)
4- \u0110\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc say \u1ea5y (tassa p\u0101na\u1e43), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt r\u01b0\u1ee3u nu\u1ed1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 4 chi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi \u0103n phi th\u1eddi” trong b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 3 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Phi th\u1eddi (vik\u0101la), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.
2- V\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u00e1c th\u1eddi (y\u0101vak\u0101lika), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ec5 c\u1ed1c, c\u01a1m b\u00e1nh v.v…
3- \u0110\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 (ajjhoharana\u1e43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 3 chi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi \u0103n phi th\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c” trong b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m hai s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c: th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ba chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110i\u1ec7u m\u00faa, b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v.v… (naccag\u012bt\u0101di)
2- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (kattukamyat\u0101citta\u1e43), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n hay xem tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n.
3- \u0110\u00e3 d\u1ef1 nghe ho\u1eb7c xem (sutadassanatth\u0101ya gamana\u1e43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ba chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- L\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c trang \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng hoa v.v… (m\u0101l\u0101di)
2- \u01afa mu\u1ed1n trang \u0111i\u1ec3m (dh\u0101ra\u1e47achandat\u0101), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u00edch mu\u1ed1n \u0111eo \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, hay thoa x\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m.
3- \u0110\u00e3 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m (tassa dh\u0101ra\u1e47a\u1e43) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai, khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 3 chi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong hai s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* “Gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda”, c\u00f3 3 chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i cao v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng (ucc\u0101sayanamah\u0101sayana\u1e43), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 cao t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cao qu\u00e1 5 t\u1ea5c t\u00e2y; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u0169 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 trang ho\u00e0ng sang tr\u1ecdng.
2- C\u00f3 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (paribhogacitta\u1e43)
3- \u0110\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (paribhogakara\u1e47a\u1e43) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 3 chi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu sai ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 chi c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho gi\u1edbi<\/strong>.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp n\u0103m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh (kaly\u0101nadhamma), l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (atthakath\u0101):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) T\u1eeb bi (mett\u0101karu\u1e47\u0101), t\u00ednh h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng (samm\u0101-\u0101jiva), c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n trong vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 vui s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn gian tham tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai (tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 d\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n (k\u0101masa\u1e43vara). K\u1ec1m gi\u1eef t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c, lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e0 \u00fd v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba (tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (sacca). T\u00ednh ngay th\u1eb3ng trung th\u1ef1c, \u01b0a th\u00edch s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 vui trong ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c (satisampaja\u00f1\u00f1a). S\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 quen s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong ng\u00e0y tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi (trai gi\u1edbi):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Thu th\u00fac c\u00e1c c\u0103n (indriyasa\u1e43v\u0101ra). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi sau khi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai, tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, tai nghe, m\u0169i ng\u1eefi, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm, th\u00e2n x\u00fac, \u00fd suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham s\u00e2n sanh kh\u1edfi do th\u1ea5y, nghe v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng (paccavekkhana). Ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Tu t\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m (anussati). N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tu thi\u1ec1n trong ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi s\u00e1u t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m t\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na). N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n th\u00ec ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, c\u00e0ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, hay t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m, hay thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng hay v\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n trai gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c (Ud.86):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn.
2- C\u00f3 danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed3n xa.
3- \u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, t\u00e2m d\u1ea1n d\u0129 ung dung
4- L\u00fac ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4n m\u00ea
5- Sau khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa (A.V.1) nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ed1i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ray r\u1ee9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh”<\/strong> c\u00f3 23 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd
2- Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0n t\u1eadt
3- \u00cdt b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n
4- Th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n
5- Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 xinh t\u1ed1t
6- T\u01b0\u1edbng khoan thai cao r\u00e1o
7- C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 linh ho\u1ea1t
8- B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n \u0111i d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p
9- V\u1ebb m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng
10- T\u00ednh t\u00ecnh nhu h\u00f2a
11- Tinh th\u1ea7n an vui
12- T\u00e2m d\u1ea1n d\u0129 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m
13- C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh
14- N\u00f3i n\u0103ng b\u1eb7t thi\u1ec7p
15- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t
16- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i
17- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebb th\u00f9 h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i
18- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft do ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 s\u00e1t
19- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh
20- Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd
21- C\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng
22- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn
23- Kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh sanh ly t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp”<\/strong> c\u00f3 11 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i
2- C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7
3- Ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng
4- C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3
5- T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng
6- Mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3
7- T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao do thi\u00ean tai, ho\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1n, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1ecbch bi\u00ean hay do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n.
8- C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t.
9- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghe v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft “s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3”.
10- \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.
11- D\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n Si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m”<\/strong> c\u00f3 20 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch
2- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ganh gh\u00e9t
3- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1i
4- \u00cdt b\u1ecb xa l\u00eca ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng
5- L\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi
6- C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n h\u1eefu qu\u00ed m\u1ebfn
7- T\u00ecm c\u00e1i \u0103n, c\u00e1i m\u1eb7c, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng
8- Ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui
9- Th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui
10- N\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng an vui
11- Sinh k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n
12- Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh
13- Kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh
14- Kh\u00f4ng sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n nam b\u00e1n n\u1eef
15- T\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eam t\u00fac
16- L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c minh b\u1ea1ch
17- T\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o uy nghi
18- Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n (m\u1eaft, tai … ) \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7
19- C\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00fap, “T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 oai phong”
20- Kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee5c m\u1eb7t, “T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/strong>” c\u00f3 14 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n (m\u1eaft, tai … ) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng
2- C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thanh tao
3- C\u00f3 h\u00e0m r\u0103ng kh\u00edt khao \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n
4- Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1eadp
5- Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u1ed1m
6- Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao
7- Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00f9n
8- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00fac l\u1ea1c
9- Mi\u1ec7ng th\u01a1m nh\u01b0 hoa sen
10- L\u01b0\u1ee1i m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh sen
11- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2m ng\u1ecdng
12- C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng t\u00edn c\u1ea9n
13- L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m
14- T\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u”<\/strong>, c\u00f3 15 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn
2- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn
3- C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft mau l\u1eb9
4- Th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a tr\u00ed
5- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri th\u1ee9c
6- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch.
7- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t
8- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i
9- Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi vu kh\u1ed1ng
10- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u0103ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac
11- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9
12- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh trung th\u1ef1c
13- L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00eam s\u1ec9
14- Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an vui
15- Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh n\u1ec3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh do ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i v.v… ta s\u1ebd theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n, ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o v.v… Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trai gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn, ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n (A.IV.248).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trai gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf cai tr\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau khi m\u1ec7nh chung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (A.IV.251).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.4. H\u1ea0NH TU TI\u1ebeN (Bh\u0101van\u0101)\u00dd ngh\u0129a tu ti\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tu ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5n h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m cho thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c; “Bh\u0101vet\u012b’ ti bh\u0101van\u0101” ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a tu ti\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trau d\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00e2u lo, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n th\u00ec cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c. Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt, khi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi ph\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c suy s\u1ee5p, sanh ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch, v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v.v… Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tu ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee7 ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tu ti\u1ebfn (bh\u0101van\u0101)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tu ti\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Tu ch\u1ec9 (Samathabh\u0101van\u0101)
2) Tu qu\u00e1n (Vipassan\u0101bh\u0101van\u0101)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp (bh\u0101vetabbadhamma), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n minh (vijj\u0101bh\u0101giyadhamma) — (D.III.273; A.I.60)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu ch\u1ec9 hay tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, an t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m t\u01b0, vi t\u1ebf t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c s\u1ebd an tr\u00fa trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7ng n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, cho d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu qu\u00e1n hay tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, li\u1ec5u tri th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng-l\u1ea1c-ng\u00e3-t\u1ecbnh. Tu ti\u1ebfn Minh s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh (Sam\u0101dhi), thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 (pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i; thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c. Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1n x\u1ee9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v.v… Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1n x\u1ee9 ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0 danh s\u1eafc, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu ti\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 (kamma\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na) v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham d\u1ef1 kh\u00f3a thi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tu thi\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1edfi b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu ti\u1ebfn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu ti\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m (anussati), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean, ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh (A.I.30-41; Vism. 197).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa (brahmavih\u0101ra), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, bi t\u00e2m, h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 t\u00e2m (D.II.196; D.III.220; Dhs.262; Vism.320).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) N\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n (abhi\u1e47hapaccavekkha\u1e47a), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0, qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1 b\u1ec7nh, qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, qu\u00e1n bi\u1ec7t ly, qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 (A.III.71).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu ti\u1ebfn s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 oai nghi (\u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu ti\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y: ch\u1ed7 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0103n v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u00e2n c\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ecdn oai nghi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, d\u1ecdn t\u00e2m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ed7 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, r\u1ed9ng tho\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt th\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n qu\u00e1 no, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ec5 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean giao du v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00edn, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ecdn oai nghi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1n oai nghi: \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi oai nghi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00fac \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n hay \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i, ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft d\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n d\u00e0, l\u01b0ng th\u1eb3ng, m\u1eaft nh\u1eafm nh\u1eb9, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i. Ch\u1ecdn oai nghi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecdn t\u00e2m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00fa ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn t\u00e2m th\u1eadt y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng lo \u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 \u00e1i, hay n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 s\u00e2n v.v…) r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u1ed3i n\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y hay thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u01a1 t\u00e1nh t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y thi\u1ec1n cho thi\u1ec1n sinh \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c chung chung th\u00f4i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 10 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m (anussati), l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean, ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt (buddh\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u01afng c\u00fang (Araha\u1e43), Ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri (Samm\u0101-sambuddho), Minh h\u1ea1nh t\u00fac (Vijj\u0101caranasampanno), Thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7 (Sugato), Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i (Lokavid\u016b), V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129 (Anuttaro), \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu (Purisa-dammas\u0101rath\u012b), Thi\u00ean nh\u01a1n s\u01b0 (Satth\u0101 devamanus-s\u0101na\u1e43), Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (Buddho), Tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 (Bhagav\u0101). Xem “Kho T\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc”, \u0111o\u1ea1n 441.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt:<\/strong> h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng ng\u1ed3i tham thi\u1ec1n, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ni\u1ec7m (ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Iti pi so bhagav\u0101 araha\u1e43 samm\u0101sambuddho vijj\u0101caranasampanno sugato lokavid\u016b anuttaro purisadammas\u0101rath\u012b satth\u0101devamanuss\u0101na\u1e43 buddho bhagav\u0101”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u01afng c\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri, Minh h\u1ea1nh t\u00fac, Thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7, Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i, V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129, \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu, Thi\u00ean nh\u01a1n s\u01b0, Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m qua m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; xong ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, r\u1ed3i hoan h\u1ef7; c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ni\u1ec7m … cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Itipi so bhagav\u0101 araha\u1e43 … araha\u1e43 … araha\u1e43 … araha\u1e43 …”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c “Itipi so bhagav\u0101 samm\u0101sambuddho … samm\u0101sambuddho … samm\u0101sambuddho” v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m hay b\u1ecb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1ed3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng “chi t\u1ea7m” (vitakka: t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea3nh) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt trong hai th\u1eddi: s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i, l\u00fac c\u1ea3nh y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 cao si\u00eau th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p (dhamm\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p. S\u00e1u \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft (sv\u0101kkh\u0101to), thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko), v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian (ak\u0101liko), \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y (ehipassiko), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (opanayiko), v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u (paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c s\u00e1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd. Xem “Kho T\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc”, \u0111o\u1ea1n 354.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng, ng\u1ed3i tham thi\u1ec1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i linh d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc (tam t\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n), ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh (thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh), ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh (l\u00e0 ch\u00edn si\u00eau th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p). H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko ak\u0101liko ehipassiko opanayiko paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m qua m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00e1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 “gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u1ef7. Xong, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u00e1u \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p … c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo” … “Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo” … “Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay “Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko dhammo” … “Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko dhammo” … “Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko dhammo” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong hai th\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y l\u00fac y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u00e2n hoan, s\u1ebd nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e0m qu\u00fd m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng (Sa\u1e45gh\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh cao qu\u00ed, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00edn \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh (supa\u1e6dipanno), tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh (ujupatipanno), ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh (\u00f1\u0101yapa\u1e6dipanno), nghi\u00eam h\u1ea1nh (s\u0101m\u012bcipa\u1e6dipanno), \u0111\u00e1ng cung ph\u1ee5ng (\u0101huneyyo), \u0111\u00e1ng ngh\u00eanh ti\u1ebfp (p\u0101huneyyo), \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng (dakkhi\u1e47eyyo), \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i (a\u00f1jalikaraneyyo), ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi (anuttara\u1e43 pu\u00f1\u00f1akkhetta\u1e43 lokassa). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m t\u0103ng, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u00edn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Xem “Kho T\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc”, \u0111o\u1ea1n 442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 thanh v\u1eafng, ng\u1ed3i tham thi\u1ec1n; tru\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi suy x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Supa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho ujupa\u1e6di-panno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho \u00f1\u0101yapa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho s\u0101m\u012bcipa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho yadida\u1e43 catt\u0101ri purisayug\u0101ni a\u1e6d\u1e6dha purisapuggal\u0101 esa bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho \u0101huneyyo p\u0101huneyyo dakkhi\u1e47eyyo a\u00f1jalikaraneyyo anuttara\u1e43 pu\u00f1\u00f1akkhetta\u1e43 lokassa”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc nghi\u00eam h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4i t\u00e1m v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng cung ph\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e1ng ngh\u00eanh ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m qua m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00edn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129: “an t\u1ecbnh thay l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, an t\u1ecbnh thay l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt” h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 hoan h\u1ef7 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang thanh t\u1ecbnh. R\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00edn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh T\u0103ng ch\u00fang … c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ni\u1ec7m theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m t\u1eebng m\u1ed7i \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o trong ch\u00edn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Supa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho … Supa\u1e47ipanno … Supa\u1e6dipanno …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c a\u00f1jalikaraneyyo bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho … a\u00f1jalikaraneyyo … a\u00f1jalikaraneyyo … a\u00f1jalikaraneyyo …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y hai bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac n\u00e0o y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh T\u0103ng ch\u00fang n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e0m qu\u00fd m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 cao si\u00eau th\u00ec \u00edt n\u1eefa c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi (S\u012bl\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi. Ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng hoan h\u1ef7, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ee7ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u00e1n th\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch, l\u1ee7ng, v\u00e1, \u1ed1, l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i do d\u1ee5c h\u1ec7, do s\u00e2n h\u1eadn hay do c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho d\u1ee5c \u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y, l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecbnh an ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi: <\/strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi cho thanh t\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3 v.v… r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0 y\u00ean t\u1ec9nh, ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ee7ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lem \u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u00e1n th\u00e1n”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi suy ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e3y hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf an \u1ed5n b\u1edfi nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ni\u1ec7m …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 t\u00edn … v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n th\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed (C\u0101g\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 tham v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u00edch x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf, th\u00edch san s\u1ebb, th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham, kh\u00f4ng keo b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho v\u00e0 san s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m cho g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p. N\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: “T\u1eeb nay tr\u1edf \u0111i, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn, ta s\u1ebd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m vui th\u00edch san s\u1ebb, vui th\u00edch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ta! Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ta! v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng xan tham b\u1ecfn s\u1ebbn th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi xan tham. Ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, th\u00edch th\u00fa trong s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 mong c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ta!, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lui t\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ta!, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00ec xan tham, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m vui th\u00edch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 san s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ngay khi \u1ea5y t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tham s\u00e2n si \u00e1m \u1ea3nh nh\u1edd an tr\u00fa thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng t\u00e2m v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 tham, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng \u01b0a th\u00edch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u00e0nh x\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao, th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean (Dev\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean l\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean m\u00e0 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00e2n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng tin, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do kh\u00e9o an tr\u00fa. R\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean D\u1ea1 ma, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e2u su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean H\u00f3a l\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean Tha ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady khi ch\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i kia, \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ta”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady khi ch\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i kia, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady khi ch\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i kia, h\u1ea1nh th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ta”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady khi ch\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i kia, h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ta”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady khi ch\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i kia, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ta”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tham s\u00e2n, si \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin an tr\u00fa m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec cao c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft (Maran\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ebft (mara\u1e47a) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy ni\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec s\u1ea7u \u01b0u s\u1ebd sanh kh\u1edfi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh gh\u00e9t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u uy quy\u1ec1n … t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp: <\/strong>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kinh h\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i t\u00e1c \u00fd v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Mara\u1e47anta\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft … Maranananta\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft …”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u1ea7m kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u00ecnh. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh, b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec sao ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t trong th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng; th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 sanh ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i san s\u1ebb cho ch\u00fang, khi ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec th\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch x\u00e9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng manh. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, khi c\u00f2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra th\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n; n\u1ebfu h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00f3 ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ra th\u00ec ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u … s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m th\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y tr\u00f4i qua l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 suy x\u00e9t theo th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi t\u00e1m c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00ec suy x\u00e9t theo \u0111\u00f3 sau m\u1ed7i l\u00fac ni\u1ec7m “Ch\u1ebft”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: “Mara\u1e47anta\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43 … mara\u1e47anta\u1e43 j\u012bvita\u1e43 , m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft … m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft …”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 \u00fay, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m b\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tham b\u1ed1n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng; v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 theo sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, n\u1ebfu ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u00f4 sanh, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n (K\u0101yagat\u0101sati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh (k\u0101yagata)? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n nh\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m (ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf) v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee7y, th\u1eadn, tim, gan, m\u00e0ng ru\u1ed9t, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, ru\u1ed9t non, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, ph\u1ea9n, \u00f3c, m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0m, m\u1ee7, m\u00e1u, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ee1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, d\u1ea7u da, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edbt, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0u t\u00ean th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng t\u00ean th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m 5 th\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecdc xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc xu\u00f4i nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t “T\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da”. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c “Da, r\u0103ng, m\u00f3ng, l\u00f4ng, t\u00f3c” v.v… \u0111\u1ecdc xu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc ra ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabm trong t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ra ti\u1ebfng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc ra ti\u1ebfng nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n m\u1edbi gi\u00fap cho thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edbi nh\u1eabm thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng. C\u0169ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch xu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: T\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da – da, r\u0103ng, m\u00f3ng, l\u00f4ng, t\u00f3c … s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebft m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 t\u00f3c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1c hay hoe, l\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111en, m\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee5c hay m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng h\u1ed3ng …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ra sao. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00f3c c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5y \u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean hay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. Trong th\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb r\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean, t\u1eeb r\u1ed1n tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong th\u00e2n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00f3c m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean da \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdc t\u1edbi tr\u00e1n, ph\u00eda sau m\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u00f3t, hai b\u00ean m\u1ecdc t\u1edbi v\u00e0nh tai …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 t\u00f3c m\u1ecdc c\u1eafm v\u00e0o da, ch\u00e2n t\u00f3c ghim d\u01b0\u1edbi da, ng\u1ecdn t\u00f3c ch\u1ec9a v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng … ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng t\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00f4ng, l\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f3c …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 y ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1u gh\u00e9t, gi\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecdc 6 nh\u00f3m th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecdc xu\u00f4i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“T\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da \/ da, r\u0103ng, m\u00f3ng, l\u00f4ng, t\u00f3c”. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c P\u0101li c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee7y, th\u1eadn \/ th\u1eadn, t\u1ee7y, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e2n, th\u1ecbt”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Tim, gan, m\u00e0ng ru\u1ed9t, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ph\u1ed5i \/ ph\u1ed5i, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, m\u00e0ng ru\u1ed9t, gan, tim”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, ru\u1ed9t non, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea9n, \u00f3c \/ \u00f3c, ph\u1ea9n, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ru\u1ed9t non, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“M\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e0m, m\u1ee7, m\u00e1u, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ee1 \/ m\u1ee1, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e0m, m\u1eadt”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, d\u1ea7u da, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edbt, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \/ n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edbt, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, d\u1ea7u da, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong 6 nh\u00f3m th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 “T\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da \/ da, r\u0103ng, m\u00f3ng, l\u00f4ng, t\u00f3c”. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ghi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbt qua nhanh hay qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 danh t\u1eeb. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 “T\u00f3c … l\u00f4ng … m\u00f3ng … r\u0103ng … da …”, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf qua kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m danh t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh “B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 tham d\u1ee5c …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh th\u00ec trong l\u00fac “\u0111\u1ecdc” t\u00ean th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m v\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 “\u0111\u1ecdc” qua nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 \u00fd th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c qua nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn “T\u00f3c”, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn: “T\u00f3c m\u00e0u \u0111en” “H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9”, m\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n”, “V\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ecdc n\u01a1i da \u0111\u1ea7u” “Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n t\u00f3c c\u1eafm v\u00e0o da \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u1ecdn t\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u0103m kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u1edf v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c tham kh\u1ea3o kinh s\u00e1ch (Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII, \u0111o\u1ea1n 42 – 144).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kham nh\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi tu t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho v\u1ecb \u1ea5y khi t\u00e1i sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf (\u0100n\u0101p\u0101nassati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp quan tr\u1ecdng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf n\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh (carita) h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean an t\u1ecbnh (S.v, 231), k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1eb9p tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m (A.IV,353). L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn minh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n minh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (M.III, 82). M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (M.I, 425-426); m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c th\u00ec v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n bao l\u00e2u; nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 do tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Vism.243).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n gi\u00e0, gi\u1eef l\u01b0ng ngay th\u1eb3ng, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch “\u0111\u1ebfm”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf (s\u1ed1 t\u1ee9c) l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfm 1, r\u1ed3i 2, r\u1ed3i 3 … \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c h\u01a1i th\u1edf nhanh hay ch\u1eadm t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u01a1i th\u1edf theo s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ebfm, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 hay \u0111i qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 10 hay l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 th\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y trong kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p. N\u1ebfu \u0111i qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 10 th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1edb con s\u1ed1 c\u1eb7p. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd hoang mang v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfm hoi th\u1edf \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfm 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; r\u1ed3i 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; r\u1ed3i 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; r\u1ed3i 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; r\u1ed3i 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; r\u1ed3i 1, 2 … 9, 10. R\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u … c\u1ee9 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o t\u00e2m g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7c v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra – h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm m\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn an tr\u00fa. \u0110\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean t\u00e1c \u00fd h\u01a1i th\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch “theo d\u00f5i” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u00f3t m\u0169i; h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c “gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t”, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c “gi\u00f3 \u1ea5m”. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf theo c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf (h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o, ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u0169i, ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 r\u1ed1n; h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 r\u1ed1n, ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u0169i). N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra – h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa, ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n l\u1eabn t\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t an (Ps.I,165).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e2m d\u00e1n ch\u1eb7c \u1edf “c\u1eeda” m\u0169i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4<\/em>” “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra”; <\/em>do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac “gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t” \u1edf c\u1eeda m\u0169i l\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c mau m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i<\/em>” hay “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn”; <\/em>do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac “gi\u00f3” \u1ea5m \u1edf c\u1eeda m\u0169i l\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c mau m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i<\/em>” hay “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do ch\u00fa t\u00e2m l\u00e2u th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 rung chuy\u1ec3n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00e3 t\u1edbi, ng\u00e3 lui, nghi\u00eang qua, nghi\u00eang l\u1ea1i … h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp l\u00e0m cho an t\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y. Ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u00fd: “an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh th\u1edf v\u00f4, an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh th\u1edf ra” … v\u00e0 khi th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e3 t\u1edbi ng\u00e3 lui n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u00fd: “t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh th\u1edf v\u00f4, t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh th\u1edf ra” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd “h\u01a1i ra”, “h\u01a1i v\u00e0o, “h\u01a1i d\u00e0i”, “h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn”, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7m” c\u00e2u n\u00f3i “ta th\u1edf v\u00f4, ta th\u1edf ra” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean tinh t\u1ea5n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c), \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ti\u1ec1m mi\u00ean (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh (upasam\u0101nussati)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh hay t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng (upasama), \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 N\u00edp b\u00e0n, v\u00ec N\u00edp b\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh N\u00edp b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u00e1i sanh …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i N\u00edp b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u00e2m si\u00eau th\u1ebf; tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft tha v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nghe n\u00f3i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 N\u00edp b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a N\u00edp b\u00e0n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1t sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c t\u00edn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00ec an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m N\u00edp b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tu ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0, ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 suy x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eed sanh … R\u1ed3i v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a N\u00edp b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y – \u0101layasamuggh\u0101to”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i – va\u1e6d\u1e6dt\u016bpacchedo”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u00e1i – ta\u1e47hak-khayo”.
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m – vir\u0101go”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t – nirodho”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t \u00e1i – nibb\u0101na”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 an \u1ed5n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch – yogakkhema\u1e43”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed – amata\u1e43”
“N\u00edp b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c – santi” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tham chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2n chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb si chi ph\u1ed1i, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u00fa trong ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c hoan h\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tu t\u1eadp chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a N\u00edp b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7 trong an l\u1ea1c, th\u1ee9c d\u1eady trong an l\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 b\u00ecnh an, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e0m qu\u00fd, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh; v\u00e0 d\u00f9 ngay ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb g\u00ec cao si\u00eau, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n th\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t ph\u1ea7n tu ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TU TI\u1ebeN V\u1edaI \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c0I B\u1ed0N PH\u1ea0M TR\u00da (Brahmavih\u0101ra)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa l\u00e0 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m bi, an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m h\u1ef7, v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m x\u1ea3. B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p an tr\u00fa cao c\u1ea3, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 an tr\u00fa v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u0169ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (Vism.IX, 106)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb (Mett\u0101)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a m\u00e1t m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh. T\u00e2m t\u1eeb ph\u00e1 tan s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edch k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Sau khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 y\u00ean t\u0129nh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u00e3y suy x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111ang b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i trong t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean th\u0103m d\u00f2 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m: “gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n? ta \u0111ang tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i hay b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n? “. N\u1ebfu d\u00f2 x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m “t\u00e2m t\u1eeb”; b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n th\u00ec h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u00e2n: “th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf khi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u00e2n! th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi b\u1ecb s\u00e2n t\u00e2m chi ph\u1ed1i! th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi s\u00e2n!” r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e3y n\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 s\u00e2n t\u01b0 duy b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m y\u00ean b\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m “t\u00e2m t\u1eeb”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean tr\u00fa t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 sau: “mong r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eadn th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5, \u00e2u lo”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi tr\u00fa ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ebfn khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Mong cho ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eadn th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 \u00e2u lo”. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn bao qu\u00e1t ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1; nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1, r\u1ed3i sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb m\u00ecnh th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9. S\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00e2m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00fa trong ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch: ng\u1ee7 an vui, th\u1ee9c an vui, kh\u00f4ng chi\u00eam bao \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi nh\u00e2n y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eeda hay kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i, t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh, n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t khinh an, khi ch\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh s\u1ebd sanh v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ai tu t\u1eadp an tr\u00fa li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong t\u00e2m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi (Karu\u1e47\u0101)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang sanh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi; nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m bi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ee5y phi\u1ec1n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u01a1 c\u01a1 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u1ec5 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m n\u00e3o h\u1ea1i; n\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi l\u00ean h\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00fa b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa tu ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u00fd d\u00f2 x\u00e9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m “gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e2m ta c\u00f2n o\u00e1n h\u1eadn n\u00e3o h\u1ea1i ch\u0103ng?” N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f2n u \u1ea9n ni\u1ec1m h\u1eadn th\u00f9, h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, m\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, do \u00f4m \u1ea5p h\u1eadn th\u00f9; ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ee9c do s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1eadn th\u00f9; ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn do l\u00f2ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9 g\u00e2y n\u00ean … ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi h\u1eadn th\u00f9, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m bi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m si l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9, r\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u1ed5 thay cho ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y, mong sao ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au!”. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u00e3y kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1m h\u1eadn r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u00e1c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111ang vui v\u1ebb; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang vui v\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng!”. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1eed t\u00f9 \u0111ang \u0103n b\u1eefa \u0103n ngon \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “V\u00ec ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 do s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng!”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u1ee9c nh\u00f3i khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n khi th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb th\u00f9 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng “ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y …”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 tu t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 (Mudit\u0101)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vui th\u00edch, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ef5, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 xua tan s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ganh gh\u00e9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7; nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 xa hoa tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m h\u1ef7, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi khi t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh hay ganh t\u1ef5 th\u00ec h\u00e3y suy x\u00e9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 sau: “ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m \u00edch k\u1ef7 nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn m\u1edbi ganh t\u1ef5 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c”, hay “ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ganh t\u1ef5 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o sanh ra \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua s\u00fat th\u1ebf c\u00f4” (M.III, kinh Ti\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, h\u00e3y suy x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c an vui c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7, nh\u01b0 sau: “ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ef5 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i” hay “s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ef5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao” v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i ni\u1ec1m vui \u00edch k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Khi th\u1ea5y hay nghe m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 sau: “th\u1eadt l\u00e0 vui cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y! ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, mong r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng (kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu khi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m h\u1eadn kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m t\u1eeb (mett\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean ph\u00e1 r\u00e0o ng\u0103n t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o cho t\u00e2m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn tam thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 “ng\u1ee7 an vui, th\u1ee9c an vui” v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 (Upekkh\u0101)<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c; x\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u01b0a v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m x\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ef7, v\u00ec khi \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c vi t\u1ebf trong x\u1ea3 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp x\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang, ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 vui c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p”. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u00fa v\u1edbi t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9, th\u00ec t\u00e2m nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1eadn t\u00e2m d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111ang vui hay kh\u1ed5. Nay tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m x\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean kh\u01a1i d\u1eady t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 \u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 … nh\u00ecn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m x\u1ea3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9a con, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a c\u00f2n b\u00e9, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111ang th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean danh ph\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd t\u01b0ng tiu l\u00e0m vui \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, s\u1ebd ch\u0103m nom an \u1ee7i \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, s\u1ebd vui m\u1eebng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111ang th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m g\u00ec n\u1eefa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean danh ph\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 an tr\u00fa t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u00fa bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n (n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc) hay ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n (n\u00f3i n\u0103m b\u1eadc), m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. Cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00fa x\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 “ng\u1ee7 an vui, th\u1ee9c an vui” v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t ph\u1ea7n tu ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TU TI\u1ebeN V\u1edaI \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c0I QU\u00c1N T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/strong> (Paccavekkhana)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 n\u0103m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? “Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0” “Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh”. Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft”. “\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta, ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca b\u1ecf, ph\u1ea3i ly bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u00e1i”; Ta c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 thai t\u1ea1ng, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a; nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c n\u00e0o ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m, ta s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y” (A.III,71).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia hay t\u1ea1i gia, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec th\u00ec \u00edt ra trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00e2n \u00e1c, kh\u1ea9u \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00fd \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi do ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u00e1c, kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng “Ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi do ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u00e1c, kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng “Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi do ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u00e1c, kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng “Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi do tham mu\u1ed1n quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u00e1c, kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i \u00e1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng “\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta, ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca b\u1ecf, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7t ly t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u00e1i” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00f2ng tham luy\u1ebfn v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi ch\u00fang sanh d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n \u00e1c, n\u00f3i kh\u1ea9u \u00e1c, suy ngh\u0129 \u00fd \u00e1c, do v\u1eady ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafng cay, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng “Ta c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 thai t\u1ea1ng, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a, nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c n\u00e0o ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m, ta s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y;” qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec do duy\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean n\u0103m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 oai nghi n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy n\u00ean khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 sau, suy t\u01b0 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ta b\u1ecb gi\u00e0 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111i, c\u00f3 sanh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ta b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111i, c\u00f3 sanh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca b\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7t ly t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ta ch\u1ecbu ly bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111i, c\u00f3 sanh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ly bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u00e1i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ta c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, n\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n ra, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n n\u00ean c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, c\u00e1c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t ph\u1ea7n tu ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee8T CH\u01af\u01a0NG III<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG IV – C\u00c1C NGHI TH\u1ee8C KH\u00d3A L\u1ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 s\u0129. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (A-cha, \u0101cariya), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c kinh k\u1ec7 th\u00ec d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nghi th\u1ee9c trong l\u1ec5 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV-1. NGHI TH\u1ee8C T\u1ee4NG NI\u1ec6M<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i (\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft)
b) Kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng
c) Kinh ph\u1ee5c nguy\u1ec7n
d) Kinh x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n uy l\u1ef1c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong quy\u1ec3n “Nh\u1eadt H\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a C\u01b0 s\u0129” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n do gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 610, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, Qu\u1eadn 3, TP HCM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m, t\u00f9y m\u1ed7i kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 \u1edf ch\u00f9a hay \u1edf t\u01b0 gia; l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hay bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng phu s\u00e1ng chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ee5ng kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o (\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft).
– T\u1ee5ng x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n uy l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c kinh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, kinh r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v.v…
– T\u1ee5ng kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.
– T\u1ee5ng kinh ph\u1ee5c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u1ee5ng kinh n\u00ean ng\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c x\u1ebfp ch\u00e8-he (m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n x\u1ebfp qua b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i), l\u01b0ng gi\u1eef ngay th\u1eb3ng, m\u1eaft kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i (n\u1ebfu t\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng), t\u00e2m th\u00e1i th\u01b0 th\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n lo l\u1eafng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfng. N\u1ebfu t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef h\u00f2a gi\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ee5ng kinh ho\u1eb7c sau khi t\u1ee5ng xong, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ba l\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ec g\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1y ch\u1eadm ch\u1eadm ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i \u1edf hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: gi\u00fap t\u00e2m ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1eddi kinh; gi\u00fap \u00f4n nhu\u1ea7n kinh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u01a1 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp qua nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o l\u00fac chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm y\u00ean t\u0129nh, th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f9y th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV-2. NGHI TH\u1ee8C QUI Y<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tin Tam b\u1ea3o, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m qui y Ph\u1eadt-Ph\u00e1p-T\u0103ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong hai nghi th\u1ee9c qui y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A- T\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n qui y<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a g\u1eb7p ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng xin qui y m\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng nghi th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ean s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt; sau khi d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd, qu\u00ec l\u1ea1y kim th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ba l\u1ea1y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Itipi so bhagav\u0101 araha\u1e43 samm\u0101sambuddho vijj\u0101caranasampanno sugato lokavid\u016b anuttaro purisadammas\u0101rath\u012b satth\u0101devamanuss\u0101na\u1e43 buddho bha-gav\u0101\u2019 ti.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u01afng C\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri, Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u00fac, Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7, Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i, V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129, \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu, Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e2n S\u01b0, Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo sa di\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko ak\u0101liko ehipassiko opanayiko paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1-\u00f1\u016bh\u012b\u2019 ti.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho ujupatipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho \u00f1\u0101yapa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho s\u0101m\u012bcipa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho. Yadida\u1e43 catt\u0101ri purisayug\u0101ni a\u1e6d\u1e6dha purisapuggal\u0101 esa bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho \u0101huneyyo p\u0101huneyyo dakkhineyyo a\u00f1jalikara\u1e47\u012byo anuttara\u1e43 pu\u00f1\u00f1akkhetta\u1e43 lokass\u0101\u2019 ti.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh. T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4i t\u00e1m v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eafp tay l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. (l\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araha\u1e43 samm\u0101sambuddho bhagav\u0101 buddha\u1e43 bhagavanta\u1e43 abhiv\u0101demi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con k\u00ednh l\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. (1 l\u1ea1y). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to bhagavat\u0101 dhammo dhamma\u1e43 namass\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con k\u00ednh l\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. (1 l\u1ea1y). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supa\u1e6dipanno bhagavato s\u0101vakasa\u1e45gho sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 nam\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con k\u00ednh l\u1ea1y T\u0103ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh. (1 l\u1ea1y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buddha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi
Dhamma\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi
Sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dutiyampi buddha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi
Dutiyampi dhamma\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi
Dutiyampi sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tatiyampi buddha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi
Tatiyampi dhamma\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi
Tatiyampi sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con xin qui y Ph\u1eadt, con xin qui y Ph\u00e1p, con xin qui y T\u0103ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, con xin qui y Ph\u1eadt, con xin qui y Ph\u00e1p, con xin qui y T\u0103ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, con xin qui y Ph\u1eadt, con xin qui y Ph\u00e1p, con xin qui y T\u0103ng. (1 l\u1ea1y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natthi me sara\u1e47a\u1e43 a\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43 buddho me sara\u1e47a\u1e43 vara\u1e43. Etena saccavajjena hotu me jayama\u1e45gala\u1e43.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natthi me sara\u1e47a\u1e43 a\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43 dhammo me sara\u1e47a\u1e43 vara\u1e43. Etena saccavajjena hotu me jaya-ma\u1e45gala\u1e43.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Natthi me sara\u1e47a\u1e43 a\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43 sa\u1e45gho me sara\u1e47a\u1e43 vara\u1e43. Etena saccavajjena hotu me jayama\u1e45gala\u1e43.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con, ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cao qu\u00ed. Do l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y mong cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con, ch\u1ec9 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cao qu\u00ed. Do l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, mong cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con, ch\u1ec9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng cao qu\u00ed. Do l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, mong cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.– (l\u1ea1y 3 l\u1ea1y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n qui y, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u0103m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B- Qui y tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n T\u0103ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 qui y tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n T\u0103ng l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp xin qui y tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb s\u01b0. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 qui y n\u00ean c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m theo nghi th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00ean s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt-Ph\u00e1p-T\u0103ng ba l\u1ea1y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accayo ma\u1e43 bhante accagam\u0101 yath\u0101b\u0101la\u1e43 ya-th\u0101m\u016b\u1e37ha\u1e43 yath\u0101-akusala\u1e43. Yo\u2019ha\u1e43 <\/em>[1]<\/em><\/a> bhante k\u0101yena v\u0101 v\u0101c\u0101ya v\u0101 manas\u0101 v\u0101 buddhassa v\u0101 dhammassa v\u0101 sa\u1e45ghassa v\u0101 ag\u0101rava\u1e43 ak\u0101si\u1e43. Tassa <\/em>[2]<\/em><\/a> me ayyo <\/em>[3]<\/em><\/a> accaya\u1e43 accayo pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu \u0101yati\u1e43 sa\u1e43var\u0101ya.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c <\/em>[4]<\/em><\/a>, v\u00ec con l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u tr\u00ed, l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng minh m\u1eabn n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, s\u1ee3 e con \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh, do th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd c\u1ee7a con b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p T\u0103ng. B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y cho con, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7ng cho con l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau (1 l\u1ea1y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng minh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00ean x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eddi s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng “S\u0101dhu, s\u0101dhu, s\u0101dhu<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n qui y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esv\u0101ha\u1e43 <\/em>[5]<\/em><\/a> bhante suciraparinibbutampi ta\u1e43 bha-gavanta\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi dhamma\u00f1ca bhikkhusa\u1e45-gha\u00f1ca up\u0101saka\u1e43 <\/em>[6]<\/em><\/a> ma\u1e43 ayyo dh\u0101retu <\/em>[7]<\/em><\/a> ajjatagge p\u0101\u1e47u-peta\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e45gata\u1e43.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c <\/em>[8]<\/em><\/a>, con c\u1ea7u xin th\u1ecd ph\u00e9p qui y Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00edp b\u00e0n, c\u1ea7u xin th\u1ecd ph\u00e9p qui y ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea7u xin th\u1ecd ph\u00e9p qui y t\u0103ng. Xin \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft cho con l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam <\/em>[9]<\/em><\/a> \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi. (1 l\u1ea1y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u1ea5y v\u1ecb s\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng qui y, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y truy\u1ec1n qui gi\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec qui gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn r\u1ed3i ph\u00fac ch\u00fac an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed m\u1edbi qui y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu trong l\u1ec5 qui y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef tham d\u1ef1 th\u00ec khi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u1eeba d\u1ee9t l\u1eddi ch\u00fac ph\u00fac, ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 hoan h\u1ef7 c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban \u01a1n
\u0110\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u1ec1n
Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 bi\u00ean
\u0110\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh
Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7u hai b\u1eadc T\u0103ng l\u00e0nh
\u0110\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh qui y
C\u1ea7u xin thi\u00ean ch\u00fang h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec
Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt lu\u00f4n khi gi\u1eef tr\u00f2n
Ch\u00fac cho b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi l\u00f2ng son
Tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n d\u1ea1 mong N\u00edp b\u00e0n
Thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ban
Xin c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed b\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e2u
Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u
\u0110\u1ed3ng xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 cao
\u0110\u1ea1o m\u1ea7u g\u1eafng ch\u00ed d\u1ed3i trau
Tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, tr\u1ea7n lao d\u1ee9t l\u1ea7n
T\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c xa g\u1ea7n
H\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e2n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi han
Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam tu t\u1eadp \u0111oan trang
C\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00f4 sanh
D\u1ecdn th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh
K\u1ecbp th\u1eddi tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao
T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o
Si\u00eau ph\u00e0m nh\u1eadp th\u00e1nh ti\u00eau dao N\u00edp b\u00e0n.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c qui y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV- 3. NGHI TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ecc NG\u0168 GI\u1edaI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 m\u1edbi qui y Tam b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trai t\u0103ng, th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p v.v… tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi. Nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, sa di, c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u0101sa aha\u1e43 <\/em>[10]<\/em><\/a> bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkhanatth\u0101ya tisaranena saha pa\u00f1ca s\u012bl\u0101ni y\u0101c\u0101mi <\/em>[11]<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dutiyampi aha\u1e43 bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkhanatth\u0101ya tisaranena saha pa\u00f1ca s\u012bl\u0101ni y\u0101c\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tatiyampi aha\u1e43 bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkhanatth\u0101ya tisaranena saha pa\u00f1ca s\u012bl\u0101ni y\u0101c\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, con xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam qui v\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, con xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam qui v\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, con xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam qui v\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qui gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 s\u0129. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kinh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm\u0101sambud-dhassa (3 l\u1ea7n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1-g\u00e1-va \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u00c1-r\u00e1-h\u0103ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri, do Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y. (3 l\u1ea7n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Xong, v\u1ecb s\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng c\u00e2u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ecd tam qui, c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecdc theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buddha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y Ph\u1eadt.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dhamma\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y Ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y T\u0103ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dutiyampi buddha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dutiyampi dhamma\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dutiyampi sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y T\u0103ng, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tatiyampi buddha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tatiyampi dhamma\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tatiyampi sa\u1e45gha\u1e43 sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.
Con \u0111em h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin qui y T\u0103ng, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc xong tam qui, v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tisara\u1e47aggahana\u1e43 paripu\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43
Ph\u00e9p qui y Tam b\u1ea3o tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0100ma bhante! D\u1ea1 xin v\u00e2ng!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecdc theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0101n\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
Con xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
Con xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101mesu micch\u0101c\u0101r\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
Con xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
Con xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur\u0101merayamajjapam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
Con xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u01b0 sau khi cho \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1eddi s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im\u0101ni pa\u00f1ca sikkh\u0101pad\u0101ni s\u0101dhuka\u1e43 katv\u0101 appam\u0101dena niccak\u0101la\u1e43 samm\u0101rakkhitabba\u1e43.
Thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn ch\u1edb c\u00f3 d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e3nh gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0100ma bhante, D\u1ea1 xin v\u00e2ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u012blena sugati\u1e43 yanti s\u012blena bhogasampad\u0101 s\u012blena nibbuti\u1e43 yanti, tasm\u0101 s\u012bla\u1e43 visodhaye.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh, sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00edp b\u00e0n c\u0169ng nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi. B\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1edb \u1ea5y, thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn n\u00ean tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5m nh\u01a1.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3ng hoan h\u1ef7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu! L\u00e0nh thay, l\u00e0nh thay!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xong th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Tam b\u1ea3o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft. V\u1ecb s\u01b0 t\u1ee5ng kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac ng\u1eafn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. 4. NGHI TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ecc B\u00c1T QUAN TRAI GI\u1edaI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi (uposathadivasa) l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tu t\u1eadp thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00fac li\u1ec5m th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, t\u1ea1m g\u00e1t b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng … \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 4 ng\u00e0y trong th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed3ng 8 \u00e2l, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m, ng\u00e0y 23 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng (29 ho\u1eb7c 30). V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ax\u00e0l\u00ea qui \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam 4 n\u00e0y n\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 8 ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi trong th\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 5, 8, 14, 15, 20, 23 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng (29 v\u00e0 30 ho\u1eb7c 28 v\u00e0 29).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi hay b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb l\u00fac s\u1edbm mai r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ecd tr\u00ec trai gi\u1edbi, nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajja uposatho ima\u00f1ca ratti\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca divasa\u1e43 uposathiko <\/em>[12]<\/em><\/a> bhaviss\u0101mi.
H\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi, ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec trai gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi do T\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng minh (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf g\u1ea7n ch\u00f9a th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u1edf nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0; c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch xin gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u0101sa aha\u1e43 bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkhanatth\u0101ya tisara\u1e47ena saha a\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gasamann\u0101gata\u1e43 uposatha\u1e43 y\u0101c\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dutiyampi aha\u1e43 bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkha-natth\u0101ya tisara\u1e47ena saha a\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gasamann\u0101gata\u1e43 upo-satha\u1e43 y\u0101c\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tatiyampi aha\u1e43 bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkha-natth\u0101ya tisara\u1e47ena saha a\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gasamann\u0101gata\u1e43 upo-satha\u1e43 y\u0101c\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam qui v\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam qui v\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam qui v\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc cho c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecdc theo ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecd tam qui tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi cho c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecdc theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0101\u1e47\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abrahmacariy\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur\u0101merayamajjapam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101-pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vik\u0101labhojan\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 \u0103n s\u00e1i gi\u1edd.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naccag\u012btav\u0101ditavis\u016bkadassanam\u0101l\u0101gandhavilepanadh\u0101ra\u1e47ama\u1e47\u1e0danavibh\u016bsana\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 m\u00faa h\u00e1t, th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n, \u0111\u1eddn, xem m\u00faa h\u00e1t, nghe \u0111\u1eddn k\u00e8n, trang \u0111i\u1ec3m thoa v\u1eadt th\u01a1m, d\u1ed3i ph\u1ea5n, \u0111eo tr\u00e0ng hoa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ucc\u0101sayanamah\u0101sayan\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecd tr\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ima\u1e43 a\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gasamann\u0101gata\u1e43 buddhappa\u00f1\u00f1atta\u1e43 uposatha\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca ratti\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca divasa\u1e43 sammadeva abhirakkhitu\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi.
T\u00f4i xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay, mong c\u1ea7u gieo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 N\u00edp b\u00e0n trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u01b0 s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im\u0101ni a\u1e6d\u1e6dha sikkh\u0101pad\u0101ni uposathas\u012blavasena ima\u00f1ca ratti\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca divasa\u1e43 s\u0101dhuka\u1e43 katv\u0101 appam\u0101dena samm\u0101 rakkhitabba\u1e43.
Thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay, ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn ch\u1edb d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e3nh gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0100ma bhante, D\u1ea1 xin v\u00e2ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u012blena sugati\u1e43 yanti s\u012blena bhogasampad\u0101 s\u012blena nibuti\u1e43 yanti. Tasm\u0101 s\u012bla\u1e43 visodhaye.
C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi;
C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi;
C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00edp b\u00e0n c\u0169ng nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi.
B\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1edb \u1ea5y, n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5m nh\u01a1.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 hoan h\u1ef7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0101dhu! l\u00e0nh thay!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ee5ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Tam b\u1ea3o. S\u01b0 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac. C\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.5. NGHI TH\u1ee8C S\u00c1M H\u1ed0I L\u1ec6 K\u1ef2 M\u1ed6I N\u1eecA TH\u00c1NG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a Nam T\u00f4ng, d\u00e0nh cho nam n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m v\u00e0 30 \u00e2l, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a th\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 14 v\u00e0 29 \u00e2l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u00e0y s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i, sau khi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ee5ng kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u01b0 s\u0129 tu h\u00e0nh …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam T\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0y nay l\u00e0m th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ee5ng kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y. S\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc; mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p x\u01b0a th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi tu thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n kim th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, sau khi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ba l\u1ea1y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5ng kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o, x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xong nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eedu \u0110\u00e0i
Con xin s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb r\u00e0y \u0103n n\u0103n
 X\u01b0a nay l\u1ee1 ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n
Do th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd b\u1ecb m\u00e0ng v\u00f4 minh
G\u00e2y ra nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef cho m\u00ecnh
S\u00e1t sanh h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng t\u00ecnh x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng
Gi\u1ebft \u0103n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng
V\u00ec l\u00f2ng tham l\u1ee3i qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n
Oan oan t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1o c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n
Tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n bi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1i ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 lao
X\u00e9t ra nh\u00e2n, v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o
H\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n, nh\u01a1n h\u1ea1i, m\u1eafc v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3 vay
L\u1ea1i th\u00eam tr\u1ed9m s\u1ea3n c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u00e0i
C\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ra
L\u00f2ng tham t\u00ednh b\u1ea3y lo ba
M\u01b0u kia k\u1ebf n\u1ecd, l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n
Ho\u1eb7c nu\u00f4i quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c xa g\u1ea7n
L\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafm l\u1ea7n than van
T\u00e0 d\u00e2m t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n
Li\u1ec7u toan ch\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0ng ch\u1eb3ng ngay
V\u1ee3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7m tai
M\u1ea5t trinh th\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tai ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eddi
X\u1ea5u cha h\u1ed5 m\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi
Xa l\u00eca ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ee3 r\u00e3 r\u1eddi l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i
V\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i
Chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3, c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng
D\u00f9ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, hai l\u00f2ng
Ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng anh em.
M\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a pha d\u00e8m
X\u00f3m l\u00e0ng c\u00f4 b\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba.
N\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch d\u00e2y d\u01b0a
Ph\u00ed gi\u1edd qu\u00ed b\u00e1u h\u1ebft tr\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u
U\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u sanh h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u
Ham \u0103n m\u00ea ng\u1ee7 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ki\u00ean
Say s\u01b0a ng\u00e3 gi\u00f3 \u0111i xi\u00ean
N\u1eb1m b\u1edd t\u00e9 b\u1ee5i nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o
Lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m cu\u1ed3ng tr\u00ed m\u00f2n hao
Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec r\u01b0\u1ee3u bi\u1ebft bao h\u01b0 nh\u00e0
Xan tham nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta
Mong sao \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00f2ng t\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u01b0ng
N\u1ebft s\u00e2n n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng
Toan l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u00e2ng khu\u00e2ng trong l\u00f2ng
Si m\u00ea tin ch\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u00f2ng
Nghe \u0111\u00e2u theo \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0
Ch\u1eb3ng tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cao xa
Th\u1eadm th\u00e2m vi di\u1ec7u bao la tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi
N\u1ebfu con c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u1ea1m l\u1eddi
Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fd, l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n
Ho\u1eb7c x\u00fai k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n
Ho\u1eb7c nghe th\u1ea5y \u00e1c l\u00f2ng h\u1eb1ng vui theo
Ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eb1m ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi th\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u
V\u00ec nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u00fd, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n sai;
L\u1ed7i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i
\u0110\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i l\u1eafm phen
Ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 quen
Khinh khi Tam b\u1ea3o, l\u00f2ng b\u00e8n ch\u1eb3ng tin
Cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft sanh
Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh n\u1eb7ng thay
Ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i d\u00e0y
S\u1ed1ng sao, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1c sanh lai nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng
T\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng
V\u00ec con ngu d\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n minh
D\u1ec3 du\u00f4i Tam b\u1ea3o, h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh
B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u v\u00f4 minh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0
Cho n\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh m\u1edbi l\u00e0
T\u1ed1i t\u0103m ch\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 sai ngoa kh\u1ed5 s\u1ea7u
H\u00f3a n\u00ean kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u
\u0110\u1ec3 cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u k\u00e9o xoay
Kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o b\u00e8o b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 quay
Linh \u0111inh gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n d\u1eadt d\u1edd b\u1edd s\u00f4ng
X\u00e9t con t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng ch\u1eadp ch\u1ed3ng
Ki\u1ebfp x\u01b0a cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y
Con xin s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y
Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u Tam b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9 cho
T\u1ed9i x\u01b0a ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf to
Con nguy\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, ch\u1eb3ng cho th\u00eam v\u00e0o
T\u00e2m l\u00e0nh d\u1ed1c ch\u00ed n\u00e2ng cao
C\u1ea3i t\u00e0 qui ch\u00e1nh, tr\u00fa v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n
Nguy\u1ec7n cho d\u1ee9t ki\u1ebfp sinh t\u1ed3n
Ch\u1ee9ng tri \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i m\u00ea
Tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1
H\u01b0\u1edfng an t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i
Ng\u00e0y nay d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi
C\u0103n l\u00e0nh gieo gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb3ng r\u1eddi c\u00f4ng phu
M\u1eb7c ai danh l\u1ee3i b\u00f4n xu
Con nguy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tho\u00e1t tr\u1ea7n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y b\u1ed5n th\u00e2n
Sau gi\u00fap quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau di\u00eau
S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u
Duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft x\u00e2y
Con xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng phu\u1edbc n\u1ea7y
Th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y cho t\u01b0\u1eddng
C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u00edch tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
 Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay
Ch\u00fang sanh ba gi\u1edbi b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i
 V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u
Nghe l\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u
 Xin mau t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea3nh th\u00e2u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y
B\u1eb1ng ai xa c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a hay
 C\u1ea7u xin thi\u00ean ch\u00fang m\u00e1ch ngay v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng
Th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chung
 D\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng n\u1ea1n tai
Nguy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e0i
 \u0110\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb1ng khai \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0nh
Nguy\u1ec7n cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh
 N\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee7, ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gian.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi t\u1ee5ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i xong, n\u1ebfu \u1edf t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang; n\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u00ec t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng phu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.6. NGHI TH\u1ee8C TH\u00cdNH PH\u00c1P<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5s h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf ch\u00f9a, hay t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, l\u1ec5 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y .v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u1eed ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo hay sa di \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 nghe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i theo t\u00edch x\u01b0a khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Sahampati hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n nghe ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p s\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp n\u01a1i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i ph\u00f2ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i cao v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ecdng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ecda. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ee5ng kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o, sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 quang l\u00e2m ph\u00e1p t\u1ecda, khi ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 an t\u1ecda, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 xin th\u1ecd qui gi\u1edbi; v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi xong, h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brahm\u0101 ca lok\u0101dhipat\u012b sahampat\u012b
Kata\u00f1jal\u012b andhivara\u1e43 ay\u0101catha
Sant\u012b\u2019dha sat\u0101pparajakkhaj\u0101tik\u0101
Desetu dhamma\u1e43 anukampima\u1e43 paja\u1e43
Saddhammabheri\u1e43 vinaya\u00f1ca k\u0101ya\u1e43
Sutta\u00f1ca bandha\u1e43 abhidhammacamma\u1e43
\u0100ko\u1e6dayanto catusaccada\u1e47\u1e0da\u1e43
Pabodhaneyye paris\u0101ya majjhe
Eva\u1e43 sahampat\u012b brahm\u0101
Bhagavanta\u1e43 ay\u0101catha
Tu\u1e47h\u012bbh\u0101vena ta\u1e43 buddho
K\u0101ru\u00f1\u00f1en\u2019 \u0101dhiv\u0101saya
Tamh\u0101 vu\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101ya p\u0101dena
Migad\u0101ya\u1e43 tato gato
Pa\u00f1cavagy\u0101dayo neyye
Ama\u1e43 p\u0101yesi dhammato
Tato pabh\u016bti sambuddho
An\u016bn\u0101 dhammadesa\u1e47a\u1e43
M\u0101ghavass\u0101ni desesi
Satt\u0101na\u1e43 atthasiddhaka\u1e43
Tena s\u0101dhu ayyo bhante
Desetu dhammadesana\u1e43
Sabb\u0101yidha paris\u0101ya
Anukampampi k\u0101tave.<\/em><\/p>

Thu\u1edf Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb
C\u00f3 X\u00e1-h\u0103m-b\u00e1-t\u00ed ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean
C\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n
Thanh cao qu\u00e1n ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea7u
Hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5
B\u1ea1ch xin Ng\u00e0i t\u1ebf th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01a1n
Ch\u00fang sanh trong kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n
T\u1ed1i m\u00ea \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh
C\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 cao minh \u00e1i tru\u1ea5t
Hi\u1ec3n oai linh t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c d\u1eaft d\u00ecu
Ho\u1eb1ng khai gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cao si\u00eau
Tu h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u1eb7ng k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n duy\u00ean
Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00ed
Con h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng hoan h\u1ef7 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng
Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng
Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ecf m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m thinh
Ch\u00fang sanh v\u1ed1n \u0111a t\u00ecnh l\u1eafm b\u1eadc
Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2u ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 t\u00e0
Ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ea5p ta
Ng\u00e0y nay s\u01a1 ng\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft tha nh\u1edd Ng\u00e0i
Xin m\u1edf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao d\u00e0y r\u0103n d\u1ea1y
Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i di\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n
Ch\u00fang sanh nghe \u0111\u1eb7ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n
Tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o d\u1eadp d\u1ed3n b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u
Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea7u c\u00e2u th\u00fac
Di\u1ec7t tham lam \u00e1i d\u1ee5c bao v\u00f2ng
T\u1ed1i t\u0103m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng trong
Ph\u00e1t sanh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng
Th\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u l\u1ebd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i
Ch\u00fang sanh trong ba c\u00f5i m\u1ecfng manh
V\u00f4 minh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh
C\u1ed9i c\u0103n d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i
Bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 n\u1ed7i tr\u00f4i ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm
B\u1ecb ng\u0169 ma d\u00e0y x\u00e9o chuy\u1ec3n di
V\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb-bi
\u0111\u01b0a thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i di v\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\u0110\u01b0a qua ch\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh
B\u1edd N\u00edp b\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng d\u00ednh tr\u1ea7n ai
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n r\u1ecdi su\u1ed1t trong ngo\u00e0i
Chi\u1ebfu tia s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u00e2n hoan
Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9
Lu\u1eadt v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng
Kinh nh\u01b0 gi\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean r\u01b0\u01a1ng
Lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 minh
T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u1ea5y h\u00ecnh d\u00f9i tr\u1ed1ng
Gi\u00f3ng khua tan gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea7n gian
Ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng
Nh\u01b0 sen trong n\u01b0\u1edbc minh quang lu\u1ed1ng ch\u1edd
Tr\u1eddi l\u1ed1 m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7ng nh\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng
Tr\u1ea3i hoa l\u00e0nh r\u1ea3i t\u1ea3n m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng
Ph\u00e1p m\u1ea7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng
Chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp ba c\u00f5i r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng an vui
Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u1eabn ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n
Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ec9 h\u01a1i
Quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi
Nh\u1eafm v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c-gi\u1ea3, ng\u00e0i d\u1eddi ch\u00e2n sang
Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed
C\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ea7y th\u00ednh d\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n-Nh\u01b0
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb h\u1eefu d\u01b0 N\u00edp b\u00e0n
R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf mang gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p
B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1p v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n
M\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f2n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n l\u00e2u n\u0103m
C\u1ea3 tam gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba \u00e2n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp
\u0110\u00e1m m\u01b0a l\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian;
B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n c\u1edb t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng
Th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p noi \u0111\u00e0ng t\u1eeb bi.
Ch\u00fang sanh ng\u1ed3i kh\u1eafp ch\u1ed1n ni
T\u1ed1i m\u00ea c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7ng tr\u00ed tri v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n. — (l\u1ea1y)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p; c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nghe ph\u00e1p. Khi ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p; h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Tam b\u1ea3o, sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u00fac ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ef7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh: S\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu, l\u00e0nh thay!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p th\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0101 devat\u0101 santi vih\u0101rav\u0101sin\u012b th\u016bpe ghare bodhighare tahi\u1e43 tahi\u1e43 t\u0101 dhammad\u0101nena bhavantu p\u016bjit\u0101 sotthi\u1e43 karonte\u2019 dha vih\u0101rama\u1e47\u1e0dale ther\u0101 ca majjh\u0101 navak\u0101 ca bhikkhavo s\u0101r\u0101mik\u0101 d\u0101napat\u012b up\u0101-sak\u0101 g\u0101m\u0101 ca des\u0101 nigam\u0101 ca issar\u0101 sapp\u0101\u1e47abh\u016bt\u0101 sukhit\u0101 bhavantu te jal\u0101buj\u0101 ye pi ca a\u1e47\u1e0dasambhav\u0101 sa\u1e43sedaj\u0101t\u0101 athav\u2019 opap\u0101tik\u0101 niyy\u0101nika\u1e43 dhammavara\u1e43 pa\u1e6dicca te sabbe pi dukkhassa karontu sa\u1e45khaya\u1e43 \u1e6dh\u0101tu cira\u1e43 sata\u1e43 dhammo dhammadhar\u0101 ca puggal\u0101 sa\u1e45gho hotu samaggo va atth\u0101ya ca hit\u0101ya ca amhe rakkhatu saddhammo sabbepi dham-mac\u0101rino vu\u1e0d\u1e0dhi\u1e43 samp\u0101pu\u1e47eyy\u0101ma dhamm\u0101riyappavedite.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean
Trong v\u00f2ng t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 ng\u1ef1 y\u00ean h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y
Ng\u1ef1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p x\u01b0a nay
Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1
S\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p th\u00ed ti\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 c\u00fang d\u00e2ng
R\u1ed3i xin h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng
C\u1eeda t\u1eeb \u1ea9n n\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa
T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ch\u1eb3ng lu\u1eadn tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0
Cao h\u1ea1, trung h\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1edbi tu
Thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef c\u00f4ng phu
\u0110\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kh\u1eafp th\u00f4n l\u00e2n
Ki\u1ec1u c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u qu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n an kh\u01b0\u01a1ng
Ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng
No\u00e3n, thai, th\u1ea5p, h\u00f3a khi n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh
Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o n\u00ean h\u00e0nh
\u0110\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n quanh \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y
C\u1ea7u cho h\u01b0ng th\u1ea1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i
Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i m\u1edf mang
B\u1eadc tu xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an
C\u1ea7u cho T\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f2a nhau
L\u1ea1i th\u00eam ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh thanh cao
Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u1ebft mau k\u1ecbp th\u00ec
C\u1ea7u xin ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec
Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u00e3 qui y Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i
Xin cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i
Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 trong ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt roi gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.7. NGHI TH\u1ee8C L\u1ec4 C\u1ea6U AN<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u1edf x\u1ee9 Vajj\u012b th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m sanh ra d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9c Licchav\u012b \u0111\u00e3 sang S\u0101vatth\u012b \u0111\u1ec3 cung th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li, mong nh\u1edd uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb thi\u00ean tai. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ng\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0100nanda \u0111i ba v\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ee5ng kinh P\u0101ritta x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tam b\u1ea3o, nh\u1edd oai l\u1ef1c kinh P\u0101ritta m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Vajj\u012b \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t tai \u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u00edch \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh an l\u00e0nh, kinh gia tr\u00ec, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh c\u1ea7u an. Nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u an \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecfi, l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, l\u1ec5 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng, l\u1ec5 khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng … \u1edf t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh P\u0101ritta, \u0111\u1ec3 mong nh\u1edd oai l\u1ef1c Tam b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh, tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng tai \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ee5ng kinh an l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf t\u01b0 gia, hay \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Tam b\u1ea3o r\u1ed3i xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi hay b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi; xong t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vipattippatib\u0101h\u0101ya sabbasampattisiddhiy\u0101 sabbadukkhavin\u0101s\u0101ya paritta\u1e43 br\u016btha ma\u1e45gala\u1e43.
Vipattippatib\u0101h\u0101ya sabbasampattisiddhiy\u0101 sabbabhayavinas\u0101ya paritta\u1e43 br\u016btha ma\u1e45gala\u1e43.
Vipattippatib\u0101h\u0101ya sabbasampattisiddhiy\u0101 sabbarogavin\u0101s\u0101ya parittam br\u016btha ma\u1e45gala\u1e43<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, c\u1ea7u xin c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng kinh an l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro tai h\u1ea1i, cho \u0111\u1eb7ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau tan. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh an l\u00e0nh P\u0101ritta, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt t\u00f9y theo v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o x\u01b0\u1edbng kinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n b\u00e1t t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi nh\u00e1nh hoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ban r\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ban r\u1ea3y uy l\u1ef1c kinh P\u0101ritta. V\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0o do v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eeba t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u1eeba r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kinh, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh S\u0101dhu L\u00e0nh thay<\/em>. R\u1ed3i t\u1ee5ng kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Tam b\u1ea3o; ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fac ph\u00fac ng\u1eafn; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ee5ng kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00e0i “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh …”, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i “Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng …” v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.8. NGHI TH\u1ee8C L\u1ec4 C\u1ea6U SI\u00caU<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u si\u00eau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft; khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 qua \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 gia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, r\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 t\u1ee5ng kinh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft hay kinh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v.v… t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 tang, l\u1ec5 gi\u1ed7 … nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1, hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui ho\u1eb7c v\u01a1i b\u1edbt n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau, theo d\u00e2n gian th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u si\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1ec5 tang, l\u1ec5 gi\u1ed7, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u si\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn, sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd xin th\u1ecd qui gi\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 A-cha (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0nh nghi th\u1ee9c), m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc theo (v\u00ec nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u si\u00eau trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 P\u0101li truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, xin th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u si\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c linh c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng … (hay B\u00e0 …) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh, tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m … d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kinh, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ee5ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Tam b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh …” v.v …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t ph\u1ea7n nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u si\u00eau<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.9. NGHI TH\u1ee8C CH\u00daC TH\u1ecc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 60, 70, 80 … \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 th\u1ea5y con ch\u00e1u sum v\u1ea7y hi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nghi th\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ed7i x\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tinh th\u1ea7n Nho Gi\u00e1o, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd cho cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 gia \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh ban ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh cho cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u0103ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00ean c\u00f3 8 v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam oai l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i cho ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd nh\u00ecn ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t hai ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i trang tr\u1ecdng cho cha m\u1eb9 hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n b\u00ean tr\u00e1i n\u01a1i con ch\u00e1u s\u1ebd tham d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1eafp s\u1eb5n l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m m\u1eebng th\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u00ean s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng b\u00e0 m\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c hay trang ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng hoa qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Con ch\u00e1u t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng b\u00e0, khi th\u1ec9nh T\u0103ng an t\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec5 t\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ednh b\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, h\u00f4m nay gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed “…” cung th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 gia \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u ph\u00fac, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, m\u1eebng cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ecd). K\u00ednh mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 cha m\u1eb9 hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ec l\u1ea1y 3 l\u1ea1y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cha m\u1eb9 (n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i, ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd \u00f4ng b\u00e0 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ednh th\u01b0a cha m\u1eb9 t\u01b0\u1eddng tri
Ngh\u0129 suy con s\u1ee3 l\u1ed7i ngh\u00ec \u00e2n tr\u00ean
T\u1eeb con h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u00ean
M\u1eb9 cha b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u1ec1 b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi
N\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc l\u1eafm \u00f4i
Ch\u0103m nom con tr\u1ebb k\u1ec3 th\u00f4i sao c\u00f9ng
Con xin \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u00fac cung
Nghi\u00eang m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c mong dung t\u1ed9i r\u00e0y
Khi con la kh\u00f3c r\u1ea7y tai
T\u1eeb bi m\u1eb9 h\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng
T\u00e2n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng
C\u00e1c v\u1eadt u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c ung dung lau ch\u00f9i
Gi\u1eb7t r\u1eefa, cha m\u1eb9 v\u1eabn vui
Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eddm g\u1edbm nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i th\u00fai tha.
T\u1eeb bi thay! l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 cha
\u00c2n t\u1ea7y tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p xong
C\u1ea7u cho cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng
\u0110\u1eafc th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng tai ba. (l\u1ea1y cha m\u1eb9)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong con ch\u00e1u t\u1ecf l\u1eddi s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i cha m\u1eb9 hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m do th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m cha m\u1eb9 hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0, v\u00e0 xin c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tha th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u01b0a cha m\u1eb9 (ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0a \u00f4ng b\u00e0), n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang con do l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0), c\u00fai xin cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) x\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y cho ch\u00fang con.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u n\u00e0o ch\u00fang con \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, xin cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) h\u00e3y t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang con. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u n\u00e0o cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xin cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang con.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) t\u1ecf l\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0101dhu, l\u00e0nh thay! cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tha th\u1ee9 cho c\u00e1c con, v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 mong cho c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi cha m\u1eb9 (hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf l\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7, c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m m\u1eebng th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng b\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xong nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u m\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 hay \u00f4ng b\u00e0 xoay m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cha m\u1eb9 t\u1ef1 tay c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 cha m\u1eb9 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, c\u1ea7u xin ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh an l\u00e0nh cho cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang con \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a kinh an l\u00e0nh, ch\u00fac ph\u00fac b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nghi th\u1ee9c r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ban ph\u00fac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kinh, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o trong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ebd ban \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn, n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1n th\u00e1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00fang theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ch\u00e1u nghe ph\u00e1p xong \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh: S\u0101dhu L\u00e0nh thay<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng
\u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ef1 r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u
v.v…<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang con \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e2y, nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u cho cha m\u1eb9 h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, ph\u00fac th\u1ecd mi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng. (\u0111\u1ecdc 3 l\u1ea7n)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.10. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG TRAI T\u0102NG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trai T\u0103ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, sa di, hay t\u1ef3 kheo ni, sa di ni. Trai t\u0103ng, g\u1ecdi theo P\u0101li l\u00e0 Sa\u1e45ghabhatta-d\u0101na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e9p trai T\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Sakalabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ch\u00f9a.
2- Uddesabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 do T\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c.
3- Nimantanabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 do m\u00ecnh th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch danh.
4- Sal\u0101kabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh r\u00fat th\u0103m tr\u00fang t\u00ean.
5- Pakkhikabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy\u1ec1n hay h\u1ea1 huy\u1ec1n.
6- Uposa\u1e6dhikabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi.
7- P\u0101tipadikabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng.
8- \u0100gantukabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng.
9- Gamikabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng s\u1eafp ra \u0111i.
10- Gil\u0101nabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.
11- Gil\u0101nupa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101kabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1ec7nh.
12- Niccabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 t\u0103ng.
13- Ku\u1e6dikabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb T\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t.
14- V\u0101rakabhatta\u1e43, l\u00e0 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng theo s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trai t\u0103ng, khi th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 trai t\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00eau t\u00ean lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch d\u00e2ng c\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 “Sa\u1e45ghabhatta” (T\u0103ng th\u1ef1c), kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf t\u01b0 gia, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf ch\u00f9a; l\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00f9ng d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an, l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau, l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, l\u1ec5 gi\u1ed7 v.v… th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nghi th\u1ee9c trai T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 xong ph\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 s\u1eafp so\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u00e2m b\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau, gi\u1ed7 k\u1ef5, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng … th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Aya\u1e43 no bhante pi\u1e47\u1e0dap\u0101to dhammiko dhammaladdho dhammeneva upp\u0101dito m\u0101t\u0101pit\u0101dike gu\u1e47avante uddissa ima\u1e43 “Sa\u1e45ghabhatta\u1e43” saparikkh\u0101ra\u1e43 buddhappamukhassa sa\u1e45ghassa dema te gu\u1e47avant\u0101dayo ima\u1e43 attano santaka\u1e43 viya ma\u00f1\u00f1am\u0101n\u0101 anumodantu anumoditv\u0101na yathicchitasampatt\u012bhi samijjhantu sabba-dukkh\u0101 pamu\u00f1cantu imin\u0101 nissandena.
Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7p theo l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7p theo l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang con xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con, ch\u00fang con d\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u00f3n \u0103n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng, d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng minh. Xin cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con hay bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y \u00fd, khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lao kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u1ea3 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n ch\u00fang con, do theo ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u an cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u00fac th\u1ecd cho \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 … th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Maya\u1e43 bhante im\u0101ni kh\u0101dan\u012byabhojan\u012by\u0101d\u012bni sajjetv\u0101 sa\u1e45ghassa dema s\u0101dhu bhante sa\u1e45gho im\u0101ni kh\u0101dan\u012byabhojan\u012by\u0101d\u012bni pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgha-ratta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh d\u00e2ng c\u00fang nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, xin T\u0103ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch xong, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tay d\u00e2ng m\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed5, b\u00e0n \u0103n … th\u00ec d\u00e2ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ecbn v\u00e0o b\u00e0n, ch\u1edd cho ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 lui v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Tam b\u1ea3o, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u an hay c\u1ea7u si\u00eau … khi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn d\u1ee9t l\u1eddi, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ebd t\u1ee5ng kinh ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ph\u00fac ch\u00fac cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u1eef y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kinh, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh hoan h\u1ef7: S\u0101dhu, s\u0101dhu, L\u00e0nh thay<\/em>. V\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh” … <\/em>ho\u1eb7c “Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng” … <\/em>ho\u1eb7c “T\u00f4i xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y<\/em>” … t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng trai t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.11. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00c1T H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 theo h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh (t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u1ee9 kia); c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3nh cho ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n (d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Campuchia, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Nam T\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i n\u00ean ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Nam T\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh \u00edt gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1t h\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t \u0111i trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ch\u00f9a, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u00e1t ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 g\u1eb7p ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t; \u0111i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh t\u0103ng; gi\u1eef trang nghi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng; tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u1ecb S\u01b0. \u0110\u1eb7t b\u00e1t xong ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1 l\u1ec5 S\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110ang \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ebd im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng n\u00ean im l\u1eb7ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch l\u1eddi g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u00fang b\u00e1t h\u1ed9i trong ch\u00f9a, th\u00ec sau khi \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t xong, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 trai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 m\u00f4t c\u01b0 s\u0129 A-cha s\u1ebd x\u01b0\u1edbng kinh d\u1eabn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con xin th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u1eefng c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1t h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y Vu Lan b\u00e1o hi\u1ebfu th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con xin th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u1eefng c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1eefu \u00e2n c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an vui y nh\u01b0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ch\u00fac ph\u00fac v\u00e0 kinh c\u1ea7u an ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u si\u00eau. D\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kinh, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh<\/em> …” hay “Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/em> …”, hay “T\u00f4i xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y<\/em> …” Sau khi ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n nghi th\u1ee9c, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1t h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.12. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG Y T\u1eaeM M\u01afA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong Lu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 5 \u00e2l \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 6 \u00e2l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc y cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eafm. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 0m<\/sup>,90 x 2m<\/sup>,00; nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 y casa, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n may theo qui c\u00e1ch y n\u1ed9i (antarav\u0101saka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, n\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng an c\u01b0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1) th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111em nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 \u00fd t\u1eafm m\u01b0a d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng; t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef3 kheo trong ch\u00f9a \u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u00e2ng 1, 2 l\u00e1 y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3p l\u1ea1i d\u00e2ng m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a mang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, sa di s\u1ebd an c\u01b0 nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1; \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch d\u00e2ng c\u00fang y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante im\u0101yo vassikas\u0101tik\u0101yo <\/em>[13]<\/em><\/a> idh\u2019 \u0101ne-tv\u0101 sa\u1e45ghassa <\/em>[14]<\/em><\/a> dema s\u0101dhu bhante sa\u1e45gho <\/em>[15]<\/em><\/a> im\u0101yo vassikas\u0101tik\u0101yo pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a n\u00e0y xin d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u00e1c y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch xong, c\u01b0 s\u0129 d\u00e2ng y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac; c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh S\u0101dhu<\/em> r\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a, n\u01a1i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch d\u00e2ng y, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o, xin th\u1ecd qui gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.13. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG Y KA\u1e6cHINA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo sau an c\u01b0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (khi m\u00e3n h\u1ea1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn y Ka\u1e6dhina \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tam y \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 r\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng y Ka\u1e6dhina v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd y Ka\u1e6dhina ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 \u00e2l \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 10 \u00e2l; m\u1ed7i ch\u00f9a ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y Ka\u1e6dhina m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong m\u00f9a d\u00e2ng y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng y Ka\u1e6dhina s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi y Ka\u1e6dhina l\u00e0 T\u0103ng y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y casa d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng, do T\u0103ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u0103m v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn, y Ka\u1e6dhina l\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n y ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi y (ak\u0101lac\u012bvara).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y Ka\u1e6dhina ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang qui c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang theo lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y Ka\u1e6dhina, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 mang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a m\u1ed9t x\u1ea5p v\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 y casa may s\u1eb5n (th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng x\u1ea5p v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o y c\u0169 r\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u1ea5p v\u1ea3i \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 may th\u00e0nh y c\u00e0sa, nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u r\u1ed3i m\u1eb7c. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 bi\u1ebft may y c\u00e0sa ho\u1eb7c mua \u1edf h\u00e0ng may r\u1ed3i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng l\u00e0m y Ka\u1e6dhina. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3). Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt (l\u00e0 \u0111i quanh \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt 3 v\u00f2ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00eda h\u1eefu); ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i mang theo c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tay c\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt trong d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y Ka\u1e6dhina, c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba t\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e0-sa oai \u0111\u1ee9c chi b\u1eb1ng
S\u1eafc v\u00e0ng thanh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Sa-m\u00f4n
Noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n
Ho\u1eb1ng khai gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n
Ng\u00e0y nay thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng
C\u00e0-sa \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 nghi\u00eam trang c\u1eed h\u00e0nh
D\u00e2ng y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh
Ba v\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u
Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng hoan h\u1ef7 l\u00e3nh th\u00e2u
C\u0103n l\u00e0nh gieo gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u mai sau
Nguy\u1ec7n mau tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea7n lao
Tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ti\u00eau dao \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea7u
Nguy\u1ec7n cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u
Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u1ecd n\u0103m ch\u00e2u th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh
Nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh
H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh quy y
L\u1ea7n theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb-bi
Xu\u1ea5t gia h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o mang y ng\u1ed3i k\u1ec1
Tu t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1
Tham s\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ba v\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o, r\u1ed3i cung th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng quang l\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, v\u00e0 xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec qui gi\u1edbi (ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi). Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. D\u1ee9t l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean s\u1ef1, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ka\u1e6dhina, c\u01b0 s\u0129 A-cha d\u1eabn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ima\u1e43 bhante sapariv\u0101ra\u1e43 ka\u1e6dhinac\u012bvaradussa\u1e43 bhikkhusa\u1e45ghassa onojay\u0101ma. S\u0101dhu no bhante bhikkhusa\u1e45gho ima\u1e43 sapariv\u0101ra\u1e43 ka\u1e6dhinac\u012bvaradussa\u1e43 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu pa\u1e6diggahetv\u0101 ca imin\u0101 dussena ka\u1e6dhina\u1e43 attharatu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con xin th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh d\u00e2ng y ka\u1e6dhina c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng; b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, c\u1ea7u xin ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng y ka\u1e6dhina c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch xong, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 y ka\u1e6dhina\u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00ec y ka\u1e6dhina ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 giao y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0o trong ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 y c\u0169 r\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 giao y ka\u1e6dhina ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n theo Lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau ph\u1ea7n nghi th\u1ee9c T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 giao y v\u00e0 th\u1ecd y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a kinh c\u1ea7u an ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u si\u00eau theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 trai T\u0103ng (n\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y c\u1eed h\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng), ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee5ng kinh ch\u00fac ph\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn t\u00f9y th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p do v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7. Th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u1eb7c sau khi xong ph\u1ea7n nghi th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y ka\u1e6dhina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.14 NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG Y NGO\u1ea0I TH\u1edcI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Y ngo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi (ak\u0101lac\u012bvara\u1e43) l\u00e0 y m\u00e0 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a (th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n trong 1 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a m\u01b0a), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i y ka\u1e6dhina (th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n trong 1 th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a). Ngo\u00e0i hai th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng y n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u00ec y \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y ngo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 d\u00e2ng y ngo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an, l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau, l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, l\u1ec5 ma chay v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi mang l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 gia c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 an t\u1ecda n\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y ngo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante “ima\u1e43 c\u012bvara\u1e43”<\/em>[16]<\/em><\/a> idh\u2019 \u0101netv\u0101 sa\u1e45ghassa deme s\u0101dhu bhante sa\u1e45gho “ima\u1e43 c\u012bva-ra\u1e43” pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con d\u00e2ng y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng mong T\u0103ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn y n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 n\u00eau t\u00ean c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m thay v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 “Ima\u1e43 …”<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n d\u00e2ng y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, xong r\u1ed3i ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u0169. Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t kh\u00f3a kinh ch\u00fac ph\u00fac, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh hoan h\u1ef7: S\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu – l\u00e0nh thay<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 “Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng …” <\/em>ho\u1eb7c “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh<\/em> …” .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y ngo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.15. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG LI\u00caU C\u1ed0C<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Li\u00eau c\u1ed1c (ku\u1e6di) l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia; li\u00eau c\u1ed1c \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ch\u00f9a, hay trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn, hay t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng. \u1ede t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb s\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u li\u00eau c\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi chia nhau l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i li\u00eau c\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, \u1edf trong ch\u00f9a hay r\u1eebng ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00eau c\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00eau c\u1ed1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante ima\u1e43 ku\u1e6di\u1e43 k\u0101retv\u0101 c\u0101tuddisassa bhikkhusa\u1e45ghassa dema. S\u0101dhu bhante bhikkhusa\u1e45gho ima\u1e43 ku\u1e6di\u1e43 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t xong ng\u00f4i c\u1ed1c li\u00eau n\u00e0y,<\/em> xin d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, xin t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh ng\u00f4i c\u1ed1c li\u00eau n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tay c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cao h\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng li\u00eau c\u1ed1c, tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 … kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 d\u00e2ng b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng tay nh\u01b0 y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a, vua Bimbis\u0101ra khi d\u00e2ng ch\u00f9a Ve\u1e37uvana \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean tay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xong nghi th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u an vui. Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00eau c\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00eau c\u1ed1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.16. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG H\u1ed8I TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (s\u0101l\u0101) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Trong ch\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba s\u0101l\u0101:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (upa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nas\u0101l\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p, lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, trong ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (bhattaggas\u0101l\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a; d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111i b\u00e1t, v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung \u0103n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y. N\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (kiccavatta) trong nh\u00e0 \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0101gantukas\u0101l\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i trong ch\u00f9a d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o hay tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch T\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u0101l\u0101 trong ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u00ec sau khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn s\u0101l\u0101 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i trang ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ng\u00f4i s\u0101l\u0101 \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp trong s\u0101l\u0101 sau khi c\u1eaft b\u0103ng kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh. K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng s\u0101l\u0101 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante ima\u1e43 s\u0101la\u1e43 k\u0101retv\u0101 c\u0101tuddisassa sa\u1e45ghassa dema. S\u0101dhu bhante bhikkhusa\u1e45gho ima\u1e43 s\u0101la\u1e43 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (trai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) n\u00e0y,<\/em> xin d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, xin T\u0103ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh ng\u00f4i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (trai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tay c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cao h\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xong nghi th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u an vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau c\u00f9ng th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.17. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG NG\u00d4I CH\u00c1NH \u0110I\u1ec6N<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n (mah\u0101vih\u0101ra) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u012bm\u0101 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3, t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9 …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, trong ch\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (uposath\u0101g\u0101ra), ch\u1ed7 kha\u1e47\u1e0das\u012bm\u0101 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c T\u0103ng s\u1ef1. Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, m\u1ed7i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng tu ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh, sau nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1eaft b\u0103ng kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh xong, th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante ima\u1e43 uposath\u0101g\u0101ra\u1e43 k\u0101retv\u0101 uposathapav\u0101ra\u1e47\u0101disa\u1e45ghakammakara\u1e47atth\u0101ya c\u0101tuddisassa bhikkhusa\u1e45ghassa dema. S\u0101dhu bhante bhikkhusa\u1e45gho ima\u1e43 uposath\u0101g\u0101ra\u1e43 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y,<\/em> xin hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t, t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n … L\u00e0nh thay b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn ng\u00f4i b\u1ed1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tay c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cao h\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xong nghi th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u an vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.18. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG THU\u1ed0C TR\u1eca B\u1ec6NH<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh (gil\u0101napaccaya) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i (kh\u012bra), s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c (sappi), s\u1eefa chua (navan\u012bta), d\u1ea7u m\u00e8 (tela\u1e43), m\u1eadt ong (madhu), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda (ph\u0101\u1e47ita), c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bhesajja (thu\u1ed1c) b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0103n v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c phi th\u1eddi n\u00ean bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3i l\u1ea3 hay suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng s\u1eefa, d\u1ea7u m\u00e8 v.v… s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 d\u00e2ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb cho ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111au, hay l\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c (bhesajja\u1e43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111em m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, sau khi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante ima\u1e43 bhesajja\u1e43 idh\u2019 \u0101netv\u0101 bhikkhusa\u1e45ghassa dema. S\u0101dhu bhante bhikkhusa\u1e45gho ima\u1e43 bhesajja\u1e43 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con \u0111em m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn xong, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 hoan h\u1ef7 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng S\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu, l\u00e0nh thay,<\/em> r\u1ed3i t\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.19. NGHI TH\u1ee8C C\u00daNG D\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ee8 S\u1ef0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee9 s\u1ef1, hay b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng (catu-paccaya), l\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh (c\u012bvarapi\u1e47\u1e0dap\u0101tasen\u0101sanagil\u0101napaccayabhesajja).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 giao ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 mua s\u1eafm t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 khi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u1ea7n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante ime catt\u0101ro paccaye idh\u2019 \u0101netv\u0101 sa\u1e45ghassa dema. S\u0101dhu bhante sa\u1e45gho ime catt\u0101ro paccaye pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con \u0111em t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, xin ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng m\u00f3n g\u00ec trong t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn xong, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 hoan h\u1ef7 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng S\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu, l\u00e0nh thay<\/em>, r\u1ed3i t\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.20. NGHI TH\u1ee8C \u1ea4N T\u1ed0NG KINH S\u00c1CH<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nhu c\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o “ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o “ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed” ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, nghe ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p; th\u00eam n\u1eefa l\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed cho m\u00ecnh \u1edf h\u1eadu lai. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng tu h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kinh s\u00e1ch; ho\u1eb7c mua ho\u1eb7c in kinh s\u00e1ch (kinh cao s\u00e1ch ch\u00e1nh) nh\u01b0 tam t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i tam t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n ra \u0111\u1ec3 in kinh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c mua kinh s\u00e1ch, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tam t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng trong ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham c\u1ee9u tu h\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo nghi th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch tam t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i tr\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n k\u00ea \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, v\u1eeba t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng (v\u00ec kinh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o), tr\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trang tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7t kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n hay trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 quang l\u00e2m v\u00e0 an t\u1ecda th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u00e0i l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5, xong r\u1ed3i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maya\u1e43 bhante ima\u1e43 sapariv\u0101ra\u1e43 tepi\u1e6dakagantha\u1e43 s\u0101ttha\u1e43 sabya\u00f1jana\u1e43 kevalaparipu\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 parisuddha\u1e43 c\u0101tuddisassa bhikkhusa\u1e45ghassa onojay\u0101ma. S\u0101dhu no bhante bhikkhusa\u1e45gho ima\u1e43 sapariv\u0101ra\u1e43 tepi\u1e6dakagantha\u1e43 s\u0101ttha\u1e43 sabya\u00f1jana\u1e43 kevalaparipu\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 parisuddha\u1e43 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu amh\u0101ka\u1e43 d\u012bgharatta\u1e43 atth\u0101ya hit\u0101ya sukh\u0101ya. Dutiyampi. Tatiyampi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang con xin hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tam t\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u0103n c\u1ee5 t\u00fac thanh t\u1ecbnh, xin d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef3 kheo T\u0103ng. L\u00e0nh thay b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng mong ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tam t\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u0103n c\u1ee5 t\u00fac thanh t\u1ecbnh, cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/em>. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch d\u00e2ng c\u00fang, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 qu\u00ec l\u00ean r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tay v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cao h\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang t\u1eadn tay ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. V\u00ec kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang tam t\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec sau l\u1eddi t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 qu\u00ec l\u00ean d\u00e2ng t\u1ea5m vi b\u1eb1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ch\u1ee9ng minh, v\u1eady c\u0169ng xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng hoan h\u1ef7. S\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb khuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n c\u01b0 s\u0129, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xong l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u an vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn tham d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng kinh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.21. NGHI TH\u1ee8C L\u1ec4 AN V\u1eca PH\u1eacT<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, khi \u1edf nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u0169ng n\u00ean tinh t\u1ea5n s\u1edbm h\u00f4m l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n nh\u00ecn ra c\u1eeda ch\u00e1nh, ch\u1ed7 th\u1edd ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u an vui nh\u1edd ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh cho l\u00f2ng tin, khi t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a m\u1edbi d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Nghi th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trang ho\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t n\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ida\u1e43 bhante buddhar\u016bpa\u1e43 k\u0101rita\u1e43 buddh\u0101bhiseka\u1e43 karotha. Ida\u1e43 bhante buddhar\u016bpa\u1e43 k\u0101rita\u1e43 buddh\u0101bhiseka\u1e43 karotha. Ida\u1e43 bhante buddhar\u016b-pa\u1e43 k\u0101rita\u1e43 buddh\u0101bhiseka\u1e43 karotha.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7u xin qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an v\u1ecb. B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7u xin qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an v\u1ecb. B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7u xin qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an v\u1ecb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng kinh an v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u0101sa ima\u1e43 buddhar\u016bpa\u1e43 adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101mi.
Dutiyampi<\/em> ima\u1e43 buddhar\u016bpa\u1e43 adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101mi.
Tatiyampi<\/em> ima\u1e43 buddhar\u016bpa\u1e43 adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101mi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tam b\u1ea3o, k\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m th\u1eafng, tam th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kinh, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ecd qui gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, th\u1ec9nh t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea7u an; ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec9nh thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u an c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c an v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.22. NGHI TH\u1ee8C L\u1ec4 NHI\u1ec4U PH\u1eacT<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec5u<\/em> hay nhi\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 padakkhi\u1e47akara\u1e47a, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh, s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, s\u1ef1 qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 hay ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0, h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec5u quanh v\u1ee3 hay ch\u1ed3ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi con nhi\u1ec5u quanh cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec5u quanh th\u1ea7y. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u01b0 s\u0129 sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p xong, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec5u quanh Ng\u00e0i r\u1ed3i ra v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 trong kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: utth\u0101y\u0101san\u0101 bhagavanta\u1e43 abhiv\u0101de-tv\u0101 padakkhi\u1e47a\u1e43 katv\u0101 pakk\u0101mi …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01a1i t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111i ba v\u00f2ng ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4i b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i, ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean, \u0111i v\u00f2ng ph\u00eda h\u1eefu, theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eafp tay ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa hay c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m, m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e3; n\u1ebfu \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 th\u00ec \u0111i th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4i, h\u00e0ng ba …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111i nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba t\u1ee5ng k\u1ec7 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee5ng k\u1ec7 d\u00e2ng y c\u00e0sa v.v… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 M\u0101ghap\u016bj\u0101 (R\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang), l\u1ec5 Ves\u0101-khap\u016bja (R\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng t\u01b0), l\u1ec5 Ka\u1e6dhina (d\u00e2ng y c\u00e0sa), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i, l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o; \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Campuchia, L\u00e0o … ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1eed h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t gia n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee9t nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5u Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee8T CH\u01af\u01a0NG IV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xin qui y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cY\u0101\u2019 ha\u1e43\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cTass\u0101 me\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> N\u1ebfu s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 2-3 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cayy\u0101…pa\u1e6digga\u1e47hantu\u201d. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 T\u0103ng t\u1eeb 4 v\u1ecb s\u1eafp l\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cSa\u1e45gho … pa\u1e6digganh\u0101tu\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 2-3 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cB\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u0103ng t\u1eeb 4 v\u1ecb s\u1eafp l\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1eef th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cEs\u0101\u2019ha\u1e43\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> L\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cUp\u0101sika\u1e43\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> N\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb \u201cAyy\u0101 dh\u0101rentu\u201d. V\u1edbi T\u0103ng th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cSa\u1e45gho dh\u0101retu\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo \u201cb\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d hay \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u0103ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef\u201d, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin qui y l\u00e0 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cMaya\u1e43 … ch\u00fang con\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb Maya\u1e43 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 y\u0101c\u0101ma\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc uposathik\u0101<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cima\u1e43 vassikas\u0101tika\u1e43\u201d, l\u00e1 y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> N\u1ebfu d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn 2, 3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201c\u0101yasmant\u0101na\u1e43 dema\u201d, d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 2,3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201c\u0101yasmant\u0101to … pa\u1e6digga\u1e47hantu\u201d, mong qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9i v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201c\u0101yasm\u0101 pa\u1e6digga\u1e47h\u0101tu\u201d, mong ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> N\u1ebfu d\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec1u y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cIm\u0101ni c\u012bvar\u0101ni\u201d. N\u00eau t\u00ean c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m chung chung l\u00e0 \u201cIma\u1e43 c\u012bvara\u1e43 (y n\u00e0y) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u00ean c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 11 th\u1ee9 y, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Y T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 l\u00ea (sa\u1e45gh\u0101ti\u1e43)
2- Y u\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0 la t\u0103ng, y vai tr\u00e1i (uttarasa\u1e45ga\u1e43)
3- Y an \u0111\u00e0 h\u1ed9i, y n\u1ed9i (antarav\u0101saka\u1e43)
4- Tam y (tic\u012bvara\u1e43)
5- T\u1ecda c\u1ee5, y tr\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i (nis\u012bdana\u1e43)
6- Ng\u1ecda c\u1ee5, y tr\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m (paccattharana\u1e43)
7- Kh\u0103n lau m\u1eb7t (mukhupu\u00f1canaco\u1e37a\u1e43)
8- Y ph\u1ee5 (parikkh\u0101raco\u1e37a\u1e43)
9- V\u1ea3i l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc (pariss\u0101vana\u1e43)
10- V\u1ea3i b\u0103ng gh\u1ebb (ka\u1e47\u1e0duppa\u1e6dicch\u0101di\u1e43)
11- Y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (accekac\u012bvara\u1e43). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C C\u00c1C V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 C\u1ea6N BI\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 TH\u1edc C\u00daNG C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1-\u0110\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 th\u1edd c\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u00f9a, mi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1edd c\u00fang ngay \u1edf nh\u00e0 n\u1eefa. T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 th\u1edd c\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00ea t\u00edn. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00ea t\u00edn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 (s\u012blabatup\u0101d\u0101na).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1edd c\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c khi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1ea5y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tho\u00e1t tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n; qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u1edd m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua hay v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0; con ch\u00e1u th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 sanh th\u00e0nh ra m\u00ecnh …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u00ec tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1edd b\u00e1i v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00ea t\u00edn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1edf t\u01b0 gia:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp hai b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Nam T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 m\u00ecnh qui y), b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (\u00f4ng, b\u00e0, cha, m\u1eb9 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng). V\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 gi\u1eefa, hay n\u01a1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t cao h\u01a1n b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i tr\u00ed b\u00e0n th\u1edd:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u00e8n, m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00eam \u0111\u00e8n b\u00f3ng cho s\u00e1ng. Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u0169ng b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a qu\u1ea3 t\u1eed (\u0111\u0129a r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y). Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed chu\u00f4ng m\u1ecf, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Nam T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd chu\u00f4ng m\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi l\u1ec5 c\u00fang b\u00e1i:<\/strong> Trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean c\u00fang b\u00e1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y hai th\u1eddi – s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i. Theo nghi l\u1ec5 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng hai l\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m v\u00e0 30); ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0ng b\u00ecnh hoa v\u1ea3i, hoa nylon c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eafp ba n\u00e9n h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ch\u1ed7 th\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt 3 l\u1ea1y (l\u1ea1y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u00fd k\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9; l\u1ea1y th\u1ee9 hai t\u00e1c \u00fd k\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n; l\u1ea1y th\u1ee9 ba t\u00e1c \u00fd k\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5 t\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1eadc th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1eadn d\u00f2ng tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec m\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i t\u1ee5ng kinh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia nh\u01b0 ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, c\u1ea7u an, trai t\u0103ng, gi\u1ed7 k\u1ef5 … c\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec trang ho\u00e0ng b\u00e0n th\u1edd, d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng hoa qu\u1ea3, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m nghi th\u1ee9c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Nam T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eefng c\u00fang ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 nhang, \u0111\u00e8n, b\u00f4ng hoa, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y c\u00fang th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn tu t\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m theo s\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 L\u1ec4 NGHI C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 nghi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac x\u00e3 giao v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo l\u1ec5 nghi ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft tay, khoanh tay g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u00e1i x\u00e1 v.v… ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec5 nghi ch\u00e0o v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f9y theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 nghi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1 ch\u00e0o. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan, Campuchia, L\u00e0o v.v… d\u00e2n ch\u00fang g\u1eb7p nhau ch\u00e0o nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c e \u0111\u1ee9t tam qui c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 giao ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i g\u00ec. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed g\u1eb7p nhau n\u00ean ch\u1eafp tay ch\u00e0o nhau, ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eafp tay ch\u00e0o m\u00ecnh th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafp tay ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5; Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0110\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 (Abhiv\u0101da), c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 qu\u00ec l\u1ea1y v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ed3m h\u1ed5m l\u1ea1y, ng\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp ch\u00e2n c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 khi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 l\u00fac v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111ang n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a m\u1eb7c y t\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0110\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n (U\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na), c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i khi th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn. Nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1m xe ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng khi th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n th\u00ec bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1 ch\u00e0o (A\u00f1jal\u012bkamma), c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eafp tay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. Nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u00fac m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a g\u1eb7p ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1 ch\u00e0o; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u1eb7p ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafp tay ch\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- T\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 (S\u0101m\u012bcikamma), bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 ngo\u00e0i ba nghi l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed khi \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean xe thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111ang x\u00e1ch, mang, khu\u00e2n, v\u00e1c … kh\u00f4ng r\u1ea3nh tay \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0o, hay m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn v\u1edbi v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u01b0\u1eddi, hay th\u1ed1t l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc … \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1ec5 nghi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ec5 nghi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 nghi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu; ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ec5 nghi \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd. S\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh hay th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 TRANG PH\u1ee4C C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00f9y theo d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trang ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9y th\u00edch, sao c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 l\u1ed1, b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ee5c gia; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, khi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qui ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y th\u1eed h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p, b\u00e0 \u0111ang trang ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng n\u1ea1m ng\u1ecdc qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, sang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9a b\u00e0 ch\u1ee3t ngh\u0129 “Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u00e0 ta trang ph\u1ee5c r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi”. Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady b\u00e0 c\u1edfi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trang ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ra ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c theo model th\u1eddi trang, nh\u01b0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ed1 l\u0103ng, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.
– Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00f2e lo\u1eb9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trang ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u00ean trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o
– N\u00ean trang ph\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u00f2a h\u00e0i
– N\u00ean trang ph\u1ee5c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trang tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i “Nh\u00ecn trang ph\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch”; qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi trang ph\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u00f2a h\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf; ng\u01b0\u1eddi trang ph\u1ee5c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trang tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 trang ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu hi\u1ec1n, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 (kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p) \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an vui ho\u1eb7c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eeba b\u00e3i s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn tai \u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n (subh\u0101sita) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- N\u00f3i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi (K\u0101lena bh\u0101sit\u0101) l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi; d\u00f9 n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng phi th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0o n\u00ean n\u00f3i g\u00ec; n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- N\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (Sacca bh\u0101sit\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u1eadt, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3, chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i th\u1eadt s\u1ebd g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec n\u00ean im l\u1eb7ng, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i l\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- N\u00f3i nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n (Sa\u1e47ha bh\u0101sit\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn tim. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e3 giao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng cam ng\u00f4n m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00f4 l\u1ed5, to ti\u1ebfng, d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- N\u00f3i h\u1eefu \u00edch (Atthasa\u00f1hita bh\u0101sit\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay th\u1eddi gi\u1edd tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong sinh ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; khi v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a th\u00ec n\u00ean b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- N\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m (Mett\u0101citta bh\u0101sit\u0101), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed9c hi\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m “Mong t\u00e2m ta lu\u00f4n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m s\u00e2n”; cho d\u00f9 l\u00fac qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u1ed1t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhau, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nhau ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp; khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m kh\u1ea9u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 \u1ea8M TH\u1ef0C C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0103n m\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1eady th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “\u0102n” c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ra th\u1ee9c \u0103n, t\u1ea1o th\u1ee9c \u0103n theo \u00fd th\u00edch, theo s\u1eafc th\u00e1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v.v… t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t nhau v\u00ec mi\u1ebfng \u0103n, ho\u1eb7c tranh lu\u1eadn nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0103n v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, thanh l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng chi ph\u1ed1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m \u0103n u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tu t\u1eadp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, tu t\u1eadp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 … \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c, ph\u00e1 tan phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- \u0102n u\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0102n th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1ng; kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c \u0103n chay m\u1eb7n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- \u0102n th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd d\u00f9ng mi\u1ebfng \u0103n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u00e1t sanh, hay do tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, hay do t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0102n th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tham \u0111\u1eafm, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 H\u01af\u1edeNG TH\u1ee4 C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 (gihi) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c (k\u0101ma-bhog\u012b). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m m\u00f3n d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c; th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft san s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u01b0 s\u0129 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tri t\u00fac, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111ua \u0111\u00f2i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111am m\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy hi\u1ec3m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c; ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00fac x\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 t\u1eed thi, nh\u01b0 \u0111u\u1ed1c r\u01a1m, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7m l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0 dao th\u1edbt, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c; Ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n vui \u00edt kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t ly, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 sanh, kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e0, kh\u1ed5 b\u1ec7nh, kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t N\u00edp b\u00e0n m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee8T CH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CH\u1eee VI\u1ebeT T\u1eaeT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(D\u00f9ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A<\/em><\/strong>: A\u1e45guttaranik\u0101ya, T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh
Comp<\/em><\/strong>: Compendiu\u1e43 of Philosophy, Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu Lu\u1eadn (Abhidhammatthasa\u1e45gaha)
D<\/em><\/strong>: D\u012bghanik\u0101ya, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh
DA<\/em><\/strong>: D\u012bghanik\u0101ya Atthakath\u0101, Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh.
KhA<\/em><\/strong>: Khuddakap\u0101\u1e6dha Atthakath\u0101, Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u T\u1ee5ng (c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh).
S<\/em><\/strong>: Sa\u1e43yuttanik\u0101ya, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh
Sn<\/em><\/strong>: Suttanip\u0101ta (Khuddakanik\u0101ya), Kinh T\u1eadp (thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00c1CH THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 kinh (HT Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch)
T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh (HT Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch)
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Th\u00f4ng Kham)
G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia (T\u1ef3 kheo H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p)
C\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p (L\u00ea v\u0103n Gi\u1ea3ng)
Nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia (T\u1ef3 kheo D\u0169ng Ch\u00ed)
Kinh nh\u1eadt h\u00e0nh (HT H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng)
Kho T\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc (T\u1ef3 kheo Gi\u00e1c Gi\u1edbi)
N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o – C\u1ea9m nang (T\u1ef3 kheo H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm\u0101sam-buddhassa.K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, \u01afng C\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri CH\u01af\u01a0NG I – C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O I.1. T\u1ee8 CH\u00daNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O Trong\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-9325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phat-giao-nguyen-thuy-dong-truyen-thua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9325"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9341,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325\/revisions\/9341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9325"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=9325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}